2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號42

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bacteria“細(xì)菌”；B選項(xiàng)constituents“成分”；C選項(xiàng)erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；D選項(xiàng)contexts“環(huán)境，上下文”。句意：科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter（物質(zhì)）可推測與其搭配的是constituents。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)都可排除。D選項(xiàng)contexts（環(huán)境）也不能與matter（物質(zhì)）搭配，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.單選題

Thehistoricmeetingofthepresidentsofthesetwocountrieswillgreatlypromote___relationshipandcooperationatalllevels.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bilateral

B.benign

C.significant

D.fundamental

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bilateral“雙邊的；有兩邊的”；B選項(xiàng)benign“良性的；和藹的，親切的；吉利的”；C選項(xiàng)significant“重大的；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長的”；D選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的，根本的”。句意：兩國元首的歷史性會晤將有力地推動雙邊的關(guān)系和各層次合作。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

3.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissipated“消散；浪費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項(xiàng)unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項(xiàng)took“拿；??；接受”。句意：我們經(jīng)?！覀兊木υ诂嵥榈墓ぷ魃?。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測我們經(jīng)常會浪費(fèi)我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結(jié)合此處語境，選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

4.單選題

We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sitdown

B.putdown

C.comedown

D.getdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)sitdown“坐下；扎營”；B選項(xiàng)putdown“著陸；羞辱；放下；寫下；付定金；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動、叛亂）”；C選項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落；流傳下來；倒塌；落魄，失勢”；D選項(xiàng)getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：我們最好在談生意之前先討論一下形勢。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

5.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國的社會環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣和國際化的氛圍，中國首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過去的三年里，越來越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級市，甚至更小的城市工作。

6.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項(xiàng)“描述統(tǒng)計(jì)和推理統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”跟選項(xiàng)B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響?？芍狝選項(xiàng)“different”（不同的）正確。B選項(xiàng)“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項(xiàng)“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項(xiàng)“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有一個(gè)“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機(jī)構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)這兩個(gè)詞源于同一個(gè)拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個(gè)有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項(xiàng)D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“height”沒有提及，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“Gender”（性別），選項(xiàng)C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項(xiàng)D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計(jì)該群體的特征。則B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測整個(gè)人口的特征”正確。

7.單選題

Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ineluctable

B.inevitable

C.unessential

D.unforgettable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ineluctable“不可避免的；無法逃避的”；B選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的；無法避免的”；C選項(xiàng)unessential“非本質(zhì)的”；D選項(xiàng)unforgettable“難忘的”。句意：生活充滿了危險(xiǎn)，但聰明的人會忽略這些……危險(xiǎn)。“ineluctable”和“inevitable”都有“無法避免”意思，但是“inevitable”所形容的事件存在著必然性。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Tony'smotherlovesPekingoperaandwheneverthereisanewplay,sheasksTonytobuyticketsforher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adorns

B.adapts

C.adopts

D.adores

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adorns“裝飾；使生色”；B選項(xiàng)adapts“適合的；使適應(yīng)，改編”；C選項(xiàng)adopts“收養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)adores“崇拜；喜愛；極喜歡”。句意：托尼的媽媽喜歡京劇，每當(dāng)有新戲上演，她就讓托尼給她買票。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項(xiàng)都可排除，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prolong“延長；拖延”；B選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”；C選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)inform“通知；告訴；報(bào)告”。句意：這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)……了窮人自助的意愿，使他們能夠過上自給自足的生活。根據(jù)Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)）可推測這些項(xiàng)目對……來說是有利的，A選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)含貶義也可排除。D選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)successful“成功的；一帆風(fēng)順的”；B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的；挑撥的；煽動的”；C選項(xiàng)touching“動人的，令人同情的”；D選項(xiàng)hostile“敵對的；敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：他做了一個(gè)……演講引起了一番爭論。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的爭論）可推測B選項(xiàng)與其意思對應(yīng)正確，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.寫作題

Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Youmustwritelogicallyandshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youmaymakeuseofanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldhaveyourowntitleandwriteatleast200words.

【答案】略。

12.單選題

Becauseofthestroke,thespeakingcenterofthebrainwasdeaD.Whenshesays“speaking”,shemeanscommunicationinanyform:writing,drawing,bodylanguage,gestures—anymeansofexpressingherselfbesides______sounds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.intoning

C.recording

D.vocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrating“振動，（使）震動；顫抖；共鳴”；B選項(xiàng)intoning“緩慢莊重地說；吟詠”；C選項(xiàng)recording“錄音；記錄；錄像”；D選項(xiàng)vocal“歌唱的；聲音的，有聲的”。句意：由于中風(fēng)，大腦的說話中樞已經(jīng)死亡。當(dāng)她說“說話”,意味著任何形式的溝通：寫作，畫畫，肢體語言，手勢，任何方式表達(dá)自己除了……的聲音。聯(lián)系前文，她有多種形式表達(dá)溝通，但是除了……的聲音，可以推測，她由于中風(fēng)不能發(fā)出聲音，因此D選項(xiàng)vocal（有聲的）符合句意，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Sincethe1950s,conservationefforts—includingstricterhuntingrulesandmeasuresliketrappingthebirdsandthenreleasingthemintohealthyforests—helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.conspiracy

C.compensation

D.destruction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)protection“保護(hù)；防衛(wèi)；護(hù)照”；B選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀；共謀”；C選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償；報(bào)酬；賠償金”；D選項(xiàng)destruction“破壞，毀滅；摧毀”。句意：自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，保護(hù)措施——包括更嚴(yán)格的狩獵規(guī)則和誘捕火雞然后將它們放歸健康的森林等措施——幫助了野生火雞數(shù)量的恢復(fù)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations（幫助恢復(fù)了野生火雞的數(shù)量），可排除B、D選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)不符合題意，也可排除，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻譯為：女人仍然比男人活得長，這是一個(gè)有據(jù)可查的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“為什么女性比男性生活得更健康?！蔽恼轮须m提及，但并不是文章的主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“是什么讓男人不能享受更長的壽命呢?！痹谖恼碌牡诙斡兴w現(xiàn)，但這篇文章不能簡單地概括為“男人不能享受更長的壽命?！盌選項(xiàng)的意思跟C選項(xiàng)大體一致，也可排除。由此可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻譯為：一個(gè)是遺傳基因的進(jìn)化動力；另一個(gè)是需要保持足夠的健康來撫養(yǎng)盡可能多的孩子。因此可知B選項(xiàng)“她們天生就有傳遞基因的動力”符合題意。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻譯為：好吧，這就是過去穴居人留下的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文轉(zhuǎn)折，可以得知C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)關(guān)于我們祖先行為模式的理論”為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻譯為：測試產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙還會引發(fā)更危險(xiǎn)的行為和攻擊性，增加有害膽固醇的水平，增加患心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致攻擊性行為和心臟病”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：還有關(guān)于男人不喜歡經(jīng)常看醫(yī)生的刻板印象?研究表明這是真的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“與女性相比，男性總體上不愿意做身體檢查”正確。

15.單選題

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosed“揭露的”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造的”；C選項(xiàng)disguised“偽裝的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別的”。句意：一個(gè)世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼……后的預(yù)示。A選項(xiàng)disclosed（揭露的）不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)created（創(chuàng)造的）不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—?althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(￡12,000?￡17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻譯為：許多父母甚至沒有意識到并回應(yīng)孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆發(fā)成困難或不合作的行為?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)“孩子可能會行為不端”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻譯為：雖然大多數(shù)學(xué)校都有能力培養(yǎng)在學(xué)科方面特別有能力的孩子，但是音樂天才需要特殊的理解力，這在普通學(xué)校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音樂被視為次要活動的學(xué)校里。因此可知A選項(xiàng)“音樂不被視為一門重要的學(xué)科”為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻譯為：個(gè)人課程（每周最多三個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)第一和第二樂器）、管弦樂、室內(nèi)樂團(tuán)、聲音訓(xùn)練、指揮和理論?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“半天以上的時(shí)間都花在了音樂上?！卞e(cuò)誤，以及D選項(xiàng)“提供一系列的音樂培訓(xùn)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有專業(yè)學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人都對讓7歲大的孩子進(jìn)入如此緊張、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的環(huán)境的做法表示懷疑。故選A“他們可能在到達(dá)（學(xué)校）時(shí)還不夠成熟。”

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sympathetic”可以定位到根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻譯為：他們的目標(biāo)是提供一個(gè)富有同情心的環(huán)境，讓7-18歲的超常兒童在專業(yè)音樂家的指導(dǎo)下充分發(fā)展他們的技能。sympathetic意為“富有同情心的”，判斷出答案為A項(xiàng)。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

17.單選題

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻譯為：他們列出了我們主要擔(dān)心的一系列問題：自然資源正在枯竭，人口不斷增長，留下越來越少的食物；物種正在大量地滅絕，地球的空氣和水正變得越來越污染。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)：環(huán)境問題涉及很多方面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻譯為：最后，大多數(shù)形式的環(huán)境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暫時(shí)的——與工業(yè)化的早期階段有關(guān)，因此最好的解決辦法不是限制經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，而是加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?？芍狣項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長有助于緩解環(huán)境問題”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻譯為：一是科學(xué)研究固有的不平衡。科學(xué)基金主要用于有很多問題的領(lǐng)域。這或許是一項(xiàng)明智的政策，但它也會給人留下這樣一種印象，即存在的潛在問題要比實(shí)際情況多得多。因此，C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)研究問題”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslo