中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案

中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:愛學(xué)社學(xué)習(xí)交流中心古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有堅(jiān)韌不拔之志。Everyonecanbesuccessful,buttherearesomanydifferentonecouldmakeitcometrue,it'suptoyourself!Justtryyourbesttodoit!第二次課一．主要內(nèi)容介詞的分類，用法及區(qū)別二．知識(shí)要點(diǎn)介詞的分類①根據(jù)介詞的構(gòu)成形式分類簡(jiǎn)單介詞由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的介詞稱為簡(jiǎn)單介詞at，in，on，or，near，after，with，before…B.合成介詞由兩個(gè)詞合成的介詞稱為合成介詞inside，outside，onto，into，nearby，without……C.雙重介詞由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞重疊在一起構(gòu)成的介詞稱為雙重介詞fombehind，untilafter，fromamong……D.短語介詞由一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞和一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)其他詞類組合而成的介詞稱為短語介詞athebackof，insteadof，inplaceof，onthepointof，thanksto……E.V-ing形式介詞在英語中一部分V-ing式具備介詞性質(zhì)，在很多情況下將它們視為介詞。including，onsidering，regarding②根據(jù)介詞的意義分類表示時(shí)間的介詞at，on，in，about，around，between，before，since……表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞at，under，beside，inside，closeto，off，down，beyond，along……C.表示手段施動(dòng)者的介詞like,with,in,byD.表示其他含義的介詞except，esides，insteadof介詞短語的句法功能介詞和名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，副詞，從句，v-ing形式一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，介詞短語可以在句中作主語，表語，補(bǔ)足語，定語，狀語，插入語等。做主語FromShanghaitoLosAngelsisabout17hoursflight.從上海到洛杉磯要飛行大約17個(gè)小時(shí)。做表語Myfatherwasinthearmytwoyearsago.兩年前我父親在部隊(duì)。Thisbookwillbeofgreatusetoyou.這本書對(duì)你會(huì)有很大的用處。做補(bǔ)足語Whenshewokeup，shefoundherselfinhospital.當(dāng)她醒來時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。HeisconsideredasthegreatestleaderinChina.他被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最偉大的領(lǐng)袖。做定語Thebookonthedeskisveryinteresting.書桌上的那本書很有趣。TheyoungmanfromGuilinismyuncle.從桂林來的那位年輕人是我叔叔。Wevisitedthemuseuminthecentreofthecity.我們參觀了市中心的博物館。做狀語Classbeginsathalfpastseven.(時(shí)間)7時(shí)半開始上課。Hisparentsworkonafarm.(地點(diǎn))他父母在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。Shecameherebytrain.(方式)她乘火車來這里。Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.(原因)你不必為那件事?lián)摹Ｗ霾迦胝ZHewastoocareless，inaword，hemadetoomanymistakes.他太粗心了，總之，他犯的錯(cuò)誤太多了。介詞的位置介詞一般放在介詞賓語之前（介詞賓語：用在介詞后的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者短語），但是在下列情況中，介詞一般后置介詞賓語為疑問代詞時(shí)Whatareyouinterestedin你對(duì)什么感興趣Whomdidhetalkwithjustnow剛才他在和誰說話感嘆句中介詞也可后置Whatgreattroublewearein！我們現(xiàn)在的麻煩可真大??！介詞賓語為關(guān)系代詞時(shí)AllthatIaminterestedinistravelling.我所感興趣的是旅行。被動(dòng)句中含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞Thesickandtheoldherearetakengoodcareof.病人和老人在這里都被照顧的很好。Allthesethingswillbetalkedaboutnexttime.所有的一切將在下一次討論。其他情況下Sheisanicegirltoworkwith.她是一個(gè)值得一起工作的好女孩。Themusicisworthlisteningtoonceagain.這首歌值得再聽一遍。介詞的用法和區(qū)別（1）時(shí)間介詞的用法辨析①時(shí)間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析介詞in用來表示一天中某段時(shí)間，指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如：inthemorning介詞on用來表示某一天或星期幾，指明具體的時(shí)間。如：onarainyday介詞at用來表示特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。如：atnoon介詞by表示…的時(shí)候、到、等到…已經(jīng)等用在天、時(shí)間的前面。如：by2o‘clock②時(shí)間介詞in與after的用法辨析介詞in+一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.介詞after+一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.介詞after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來時(shí)。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.③時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析介詞for表示一段時(shí)間如：Ihavebeenlivingherefor10years.介詞since表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來如：Ihavebeenlivingheresince2000.④時(shí)間介詞during與for的用法辨析當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如：Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如：Ihaven’tseenherforyears.⑤時(shí)間介詞before與by的用法辨析介詞before表示“在…之前”如：Hewon’tcomebackbeforefive.介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止，不遲于…”如：TheworkmustbefinishedbyFriday.⑥時(shí)間介詞till與until用法的異同till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…為止”，如：Iwillwaittill（until）seveno'clock．till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。如：Tomdidn'tcomebacktill（until）midnight．till多用于普通文體，而until則用于多種文體，并且在句子開頭時(shí)，用until而不用till。如：Untilhecomesback，nothingcanbedone．⑦不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this,that時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：thismorning當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有next時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：nextSunday當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：lastSunday當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one,any,each,every,some或all時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：Youcancomeanyday.（2）方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析①方位介詞on,over,above的用法辨析介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如：Thebookisonthetable.介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即“在…上方”，如：Isthereanybridgeovertheriver介詞above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：Therewasanelectricclockabovehisbed.②方位介詞under與below的用法辨析介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”，如：Theywereseenunderthetree.介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：Theylivebelowus.③方位介詞across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。如：Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.介詞through著重于“穿越”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。如：Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.介詞over多表示從“上方越過”，如：Hefailedtogooverthemountain;hehadtogoroundit.介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”，如：Someonehasjustgonepastthewindow.④方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析介詞in表示“排、行、組”，如：WeareinTeamOne.介詞on表示“左、右”，如：LiPingisonmyleft.介詞at表示“前、后”，如：Isitatthefrontoftheclassroom.⑤方位介詞to、for的用法辨析介詞to表示目的地或去的目的，如：WilyoutakeatraintoTianjian.介詞for表示動(dòng)身去某地，如：HegotonatrainforShanghai.⑥地點(diǎn)介詞at與in的用法辨析介詞at表示較小的地方，如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等，如：Helivesatasmallvillage.介詞in表示較大的地方，如大城市、國(guó)家、洲等，如：HelivesinBeijing.⑦地點(diǎn)介詞at與on的用法辨析介詞at用于門牌號(hào)，如：Helivesat,NanjingRoad.介詞on用于路名，如：HelivesonNanjingRoad.⑧地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、to的用法辨析介詞in表示“包含”如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.介詞on表示“緊鄰”如：Canadaliesonthenorthofthe.介詞to表示“沒接觸”如：FranceliestothesouthofEngland.（3）其他易混介詞的用法辨析①動(dòng)作介詞to與toward的用法辨析介詞to表示向某處移動(dòng)，如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.介詞toward表示移向某處，如：We'removingtowardthelight.②原因介詞because、as、for的用法辨析介詞because表示“因?yàn)?；由于”指直接的、明確的原因，用來回答why的問句，語氣最強(qiáng)。如：Theboywasabsentbecausehewasill.介詞as表示“由于；鑒于”指一種顯而易見、談話雙方已知的理由。如：Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.介詞for表示“因?yàn)?；由于”指一種間接原因，甚至只是一種附帶的說明。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet.③材料介詞of和from的用法介詞of用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí)，如：Thedeskismadeofwood.介詞from用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí)，如：Wineismadefromgrapes.④表示“用”的介詞in、with、by的用法辨析介詞in表示“用材料、語言”如：CanyousayitinEnglish介詞with表示“用工具、某物”如：withapen介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過…方法”如：Hepreferstravelingbycar.⑤介詞between與among的用法辨析介詞between表示“在兩者之間”如：Don’tsitbetweenthetwogirls.介詞among表示“在…當(dāng)中（三者或以上）”如：Theylivedamongthemountainsinthepast.⑥介詞besides與except的用法辨析介詞besides表示“除…之外（全部計(jì)算在內(nèi)）”如：WehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang.介詞except表示“除…之外（不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）”如：WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass5.介詞的常見搭配英語許多動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞都與特定的介詞搭配，我們必須熟悉這些搭配關(guān)系。1.動(dòng)詞與介詞(或副詞)的搭配add…to加到……上agreewith同意(某人)arriveat(in)到達(dá)askfor詢問begin…with從……開始believein相信breakinto闖入breakoff打斷breakout爆發(fā)bringdown降低bringin引進(jìn)bringup教育，培養(yǎng)buildup建起burndown燒光callback回電話callfor要求約請(qǐng)callin召來callon拜訪訪問carefor喜歡carryon繼續(xù)開展carryout實(shí)行開展checkout查明結(jié)帳clearup整理，收拾comeabout發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生comeacross(偶然)遇見comeout出來cometo共計(jì)達(dá)到compare…with與……比較compareto比作cutoff切斷datefrom始于dependon依靠devoteto獻(xiàn)于dieout滅亡divideup分配dreamof夢(mèng)想falloff下降fallover跌倒feedon以……為食getdownto專心于getthrough通過givein讓步，屈服giveout分發(fā)giveup放棄goabroad出國(guó)goagainst反對(duì)goonwith繼續(xù)gothrough瀏覽growup生長(zhǎng)handdown傳下來hearabout聽說holdout伸出joinup連接起來keepoff讓開，不接近keepon繼續(xù)leadto導(dǎo)致liveon靠……為生lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookinto調(diào)查lookout當(dāng)心look(a)round仔細(xì)查看setoff動(dòng)身setup建立showoff炫耀shutup住口speedup加速standfor代表，象征stickto堅(jiān)持sufferfrom遭受talkof談?wù)搕hinkof考慮，想起tryout試驗(yàn)turndown調(diào)低turnoff關(guān)掉worryabout擔(dān)心2.介詞成語1)英語中有大量成語由介詞構(gòu)成，單是一些常用介詞就可構(gòu)成大量成語：at:atastretch一連，連續(xù)地atatime一次，每次atease稍息，安心atfirstsight一見(鐘情)atfirst最初，開始時(shí)atheart在內(nèi)心athome在家，隨便atlast最后atleast至少atlength最后,詳細(xì)地atmost至多atonce立即，同時(shí)atpeace(war)處于和平(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))狀態(tài)atplay(work)在玩耍(工作)atpresent現(xiàn)在，目前atrandom隨意地，胡亂地attheriskof冒…的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atthesametime(與此)同時(shí)atthestart一開頭atthetime此刻，這時(shí)attimes有時(shí)候atwill任意地by:byaccident偶然byair航空byallmeans想一切辦法bybus(plane,etc)坐巴士(飛機(jī)等)bychance偶然bycheque用支票bychoice出于自愿bydaylight在大白天byday(night)白天(夜間)byforce靠武力bymistake錯(cuò)誤地，誤把…byturns輪流bysurprise突然，出其不意bytheway順便說一句in:inasense從某種意義上說inaddition(to)此外(除…之外)inadvance事前inall總共inanycase(event)不管怎樣，反正inbrief簡(jiǎn)而言之incase要是，如果incaseof在…情況下incomparison比較起來indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中indebt負(fù)債indemand有需求indetail詳細(xì)地infact實(shí)際上ingeneral一般說來inone’sopinion在(某人)看來inorderto(that)以便，為了inotherwords換句話說inpart(s)部分地inperson親自inpractice實(shí)際上inpublic(private)公開(私下)地inregardto關(guān)于inshort總之intheend最后inthemiddleof在…中間intime及時(shí)地，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間invain白白地，沒有結(jié)果on:onaccountof由于onbehalfof代表(某人)onboard在船(飛機(jī))上oncondition在…條件下onduty值班onfire著火onfoot步行onguard有警惕，值班onhand在身邊onholiday在休假onpurpose故意地onsale在出售onstrike罷工onthecontrary相反ontheway在路上ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)onthetopof在…上面ontherun正在逃竄outof:outofaction失靈outofbreath氣喘吁吁outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)outofdoors在戶外outoffashion不時(shí)新outofhand失去控制outoforder壞了outofreach無法得到(拿到)outofsight看不見outoftemper發(fā)脾氣outofquestion不可能outoftouch(with)和…失去聯(lián)系outoftune走調(diào)outofuse不再使用outofwork失業(yè)2)有些介詞夾在名詞之間構(gòu)成成語：dayafterday日復(fù)一日地yearafteryear年復(fù)一年oneafteranother一個(gè)接一個(gè)地onebyone一個(gè)接一個(gè)littlebylittle一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地sidebyside并肩stepbystep一步步地facetoface面對(duì)面arminarm手挽手地handinhand手牽手地daytoday日常的daybyday一天一天地daybeforeyesterday前天dayaftertomorrow后天hearttoheart互相交心的)還有一些成語包含兩個(gè)介詞：frombeginningtoend從頭至尾frombadtoworse越來越糟fromtimetotime不時(shí)地fromheadtofoot渾身frommorningtonight從早到晚fromstarttofinish從頭至尾fromdoortodoor挨門挨戶地fromplacetoplace到各地fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代地fromcovertocover(書面)全部地，從頭至尾4)此外,“be+形容詞+介詞”也是一類成語：befoundof喜歡befullof充滿beinterestedin對(duì)…有興趣bekeenon熱衷于beconfidentin對(duì)…有信心beshortof缺乏besickof厭惡beproudof對(duì)…感到驕傲beloyalto對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)beashamedof為…感到羞恥beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心beawareof意識(shí)到bebusywith忙于(某事)bedifferentfrom和…不同befamousfor因…而出名6.介詞的省略1.在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞前面的介詞in常?？梢允÷?；在另一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞from常?？梢允÷?。中學(xué)生常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有：bebusy（in）doingsthbekeptbusy（in）doingsthbeengaged（in）doingsthhavetrouble/difficulty（in）doingsthspendtime（in）doingsthpreventsb（from）doingsthstopsb（from）doingsthItisnouse（in）doingsomethingThereisnouse/good（in）doingsth但是，當(dāng)spendtimeindoingsth，prevent/stopsomebodyfromdoingsth中的spend，prevent和stop為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，介詞in和from一般不可省略。例如：Theyspentalargesumofmoney（in）buildingthetower.→Alargesumofmoneywasspentinbuildingthetower.Theheavyrainpreventedus（from）attendingthelecture.→Wewerepreventedfromattendingthelecturebytheheavyrain.2.由what，whose，how，when，whether等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語作介詞賓語時(shí)，其前的of，about通常可以省略。例如：Shehasnoidea（of）whattodo.I'mnotaware（of）howhegotit.Hehesitated（about）whattodonext.I'mtoooldtocare（about）whatIlooklike.3.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間段的介詞for和表示行為方式的way前面的介詞in常可省略。例如：Thesnowyweatherlasted（for）twoweeks.Helivedalone（for）tenyears.Don'ttreather（in）thatway.表示時(shí)間段的for短語出現(xiàn)在句首或否定句中時(shí)，for一般不能省略。例如：Wehaven'tseeneachotherfortwoyears.Formanyyears，helivedintheshedalone.4.age，color，weight，length，width，height，design，shape，size等名詞作介詞of的賓語，而且of短語在句中作表語時(shí)，of可以省略。例如：Thetwomachinesare（of）thesamedesign.Theboysare（of）thesameheight.Itis（of）nousetome.課后習(xí)題TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday.A.onB.atC.inD.forWhatdoyouusuallydo________ChristmasA.onB.atC.inD.forMrsBrownwordedinthewestofAustralia________lastsummerA./B.onC.inD.sinceThefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning.A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on_______thepasttwomonthshehasbeenbusywithhisschoolwork.A.ForB.OnC.SinceD.At________lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.A.ForB./C.ByD.DuringWewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./tillMrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding______twodays.A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in_______theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmy_______theend.A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/inWewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon..A.onB./C.inD.forHecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10th.A.inB.atC.onD.forI’mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble________mystayhere.A.inB.forC.duringD.onThesinginggroupwillhavetwoperformances______October.A.afterB.sinceC./D.forThesupermarketisopen______midnight.A.atB.onC.tillD./Shedidn’tgotowork______thatmorning.Sheslept______noon.A./…tillB.on…tillC.at…atD./…atHewasill_____aweek,and_______theweekheatealmostnothing.A.for/atB.for/duringC.during/duringD.for/forDaysarelonger______summerthan___________winter.A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/inChildrengetpresents________Christmasand______theirbirthday.Grannyiscomingforlunch________Christmasday.A.at/on/onB.on/on/onC.at/in/atD.in/on/inNewYear’sevepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.AtB.OnC.ForD.InTomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends.A.atB.inC.forD./Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhome_____school.A.atB.toC.fromD.afterCouldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.A./B.onC.inD.atWehadbuiltthreebridgesovertheriver_______theendof1994.A.atB.onC.forD.byLifewillbebetter_____the21stcentury.A.atB.onC.forD.inDoyouoftenworklate_____night.A.atB.inC.forD.duringhadanewcard,andIdidn’twrite________.A.onitB.itC.initD.aboveitisabridge________theriver.A.underB.overC.onD.nextsaidthathewouldmeetus____thecinema.A.inB.atC.onD.inisabookstore________thestreetcorner.A.atB.inC.onD.bythetopoftheteachingbuildingwesawthelake________us.A.underB.overC.belowD.abovearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.A.onB.atC.inD.besideswaswritten_______page20.A.atB.inC.onD.abovehouseis_____thetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.atiswaiting_____busstop________herfather.A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at’ttalksoloud________table.A.byB.onC.atD.besidethereanythinginteresting________today’snewspaperA.inB.onC.atD./andbusestravel_________theroadtothetown.A.onB.alongC.inD.byyoutellmewhospoke________themeetingA.atB.alongC.inD.forunclelives______208SmithStreet.A.atB.onC.toD.withlastwereachesthevillage______thehill.A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfromis_______theeastofChinaandJapanis_______theeastofChina.A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/intheendofthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.A.ByB.AtC.OnD.Inyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/towait________theoffice.Don’tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.A.inB.intoC.insideD.outsideyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________BeijingA.forB.toC.fromD.inwhalehasanose_______thetopofitshead.A.atB.aboveC.overD.onmustgo_____thebridgeandthenyouwillseethebank_________theleft.A.over/onB.to/byC.to/onD.over/atisahole_______thewall.A.inB.atC.forD.towardsyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZooA.toB.atC.forD.towardskickedtheballtoohard,anditwent________thestreet________oneofMr.Smith’swindows.A.across/onB.through./onC.across/throughD.to/throughyou_______yourcoming.A.toB.ofC.byD.forspentalongtime______themathsproblem.A.inB.onC.forD.atLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.A.withB.onC.byD.atmuchdidyoupay________thisbookA.forB.atC.onD.withtranslatethesentence______English.A.intoB.toC.atD.forLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorningA.onB.downC.offD.toshouted______her,butshididn’thearme.A.toB.atC.onD.forhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.A.withB.toC.byD.amongschool,Ioftenlearnsinginganddancing_______hobbies.A./B.onC.inD.forMingfellillthismorning,soheasked_______leave.A.fromB.forC.onD.insawthemanhittheboy_______theface.A.inB.onC.towardD.byLi,shallIwrite_____inkA.byB.ofC.inD.withLi,shallIwrite_____inkA.byB.ofC.inD.with64Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestionsA.ofB.forC.toD.withhishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.A.UnderB.OfC.WithD.by’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.A.inBafterC.withD.topeoplearewaiting____thebus,andtheyatestanding____line.A.for/onB.for/inC.at/onD.at