虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣何謂“語(yǔ)氣”語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中共有三種語(yǔ)氣

陳述語(yǔ)氣(theIndicativeMood)祈使語(yǔ)氣(theImperativeMood)虛擬語(yǔ)氣(theSubjunctiveMood)陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?I

will

stayathomeifit

rains

tomorrow.祈使語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣：是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式。他的作用是：表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑、愿望、要求、命令、建議等。Ihaveacar.我有一部車(chē)。（指現(xiàn)在有）Ihadacar.我有一部車(chē)。（指過(guò)去有）IwishIhadacar.但愿我有一部車(chē)。（實(shí)際沒(méi)有，表愿望）一、if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)haddone（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）過(guò)去式(did)bewere①did/were②should+do③weretodowouldshould+havedonesthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmight1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞if動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be只用were的形式）should(would/could/might)+do(should只用于第一人稱)如果我有時(shí)間，我就要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。IfI____(have)time,I__________(study)English.hadwouldstudy如果我是你，我就會(huì)買(mǎi)這棟房子。IfI_____(be)you,I__________(buy)thehouse.wereWouldbuy如果我能飛，我要飛到空中。IfI________(canfly),I__________（fly)inthesky.couldflywouldfly1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.

A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.IfIhadsomemoney,I_______thepoorboy.AhelpBwillhelpC.wouldhelpD.wouldhavehelp3.IfI_________tenyearsyounger,I_________outtotrymyluck.

A.am,wouldgoB.was,willgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone

2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句的動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞ifhaddone(過(guò)去完成時(shí)）should/would(could/might)+havedone如果我采納了你的建議，我就不會(huì)犯這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤了。IfI___________(take)youradvice,I_____________________(make)thismistake.hadtakenwouldn’thavemade如果他當(dāng)時(shí)用功學(xué)習(xí)的話，他可能就得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金了。Ifhe__________(study)hard,he______________(win)thescholarship.Hadstudied如果昨天他見(jiàn)到你，他就可能問(wèn)你這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Ifhe_______(see)youyesterday,he_________________(ask)youaboutit.couldhavewinhadseenWouldhaveasked1.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet2.Thefire___,ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothavebeenburntD.wouldnotburnt3.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotDcD3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞if①動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(did/were)②should+動(dòng)詞原形③wereto+動(dòng)詞原形should(would/could/might)+do即使太陽(yáng)從西邊出來(lái)，我也不會(huì)改變我的心意。Ifthesun____________________________(raise)inthewest,I________________(notchange)mymind.raised/shouldraid/weretoraisewouldnotchange如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園了。Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,we___________(go)tothepark.rainedwouldnotgo如果我們?cè)儆辛硗?天假的話，我們都會(huì)感到跟高興的。Ifwe_____(have)another7-dayholiday,allofus________(be)morehappierhadwouldbe1.Ifhe____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable2.Ifit________rainthisevening,IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm.

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might3.Ifit________tosnownextweek,Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage.

A.isB.beC.wereD.are

一、if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)haddone（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）過(guò)去式(did)bewere①did/were②should+do③weretodowouldshould+havedonesthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmight1.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen;wouldprevent

C.were;wouldprevent

D.were;wouldhaveprevented2.Ifmyfather________herethedayaftertomorrow,he________meatall.

A.came,can’tsee

Bcomes,couldn’tseeC.comes,couldn’thaveseenD.came,couldn’tsee3.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpay

B.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay如果明天下霧，我就不能開(kāi)車(chē)去購(gòu)物。

Ifit___________foggytomorrow,I______________________mycartogoshopping.2.如果我是一個(gè)男孩，我當(dāng)然會(huì)去參軍.IfI___________aboy,I___________certainlyjointhearmy.3.如果你開(kāi)車(chē)更小心一點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)出這樣的事故.Ifyou______________________yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_________________________________.

werecouldn’tdrive

werewould

haddriven

couldn’thavehappened

4.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件條件句。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式。如果你昨天與他交談一下，你就知道現(xiàn)在該做什么了。Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你（那時(shí)）聽(tīng)從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有事了。

（從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，而主句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情）Ifyou____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice,you___________(be)allrightnow.

如果氣候再好些，莊稼會(huì)長(zhǎng)的更好。Iftheweather________(be)finer,thecrops_________(be)growingstillbetter.

hadfollowedwouldbehadbeenwouldbe1.Ifyou____themedicine,you____betternow.A.took;wouldfeelB.hadtaken;feltC.hadtaken;wouldfeelD.took;wouldhavefelt2.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed3.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtogoabroadtoday,we____attheairport.A.willseeheroffB.haveseenheroffC.wouldseeheroffD.hadseenheroff4.-----Ishefeelinganybetter?---------No,ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,he___quiteallrightnow.A.willhavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wouldbeD.willbe5.條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；

條件從句中含有should，were，had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,并且條件句在句子前面，可以把if省略，然后把相應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞提到句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.1.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?_______________aflood,whatshouldwedo?2.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.._______________Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.3.IfIhadtakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow._____________myumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.ShouldtherebeHadIhadtimeHadItaken1.HadIknownhername,_____A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2._________yourofferofriceandvegetables,wewouldhavegonehungry.

A.Ifithasn’tbeenfor

B.With

C.Hasitnotbeenfor

D.Haditnotbeenfor注：并不是所有的if引導(dǎo)的條件句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的條件句的假設(shè)非?？赡軐?shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，就不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，這種條件句叫做“真實(shí)條件句”。Ifthetemperature(溫度)isupto100℃,thewaterwillboil.Itisraining.Ifwegoout,we’llgetwet.Hurryup!Ifwedon’thurry,we’llbelate.Ifhecomes,tellhimtowait.需要用虛擬的條件句，叫做“虛擬條件句”。1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoff,ifit_____.A.willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israined2.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup,_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.ithadbeen…was B.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…h(huán)adbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeBA6.含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，這叫做含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句。without,with,butfor(要不是…),undereg.Withoutyourhelp(=ifwehadnohadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功的。eg.Withbetterequipment（=Ifwehadhadbetterequipment),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.如果又跟好的設(shè)備，我們也許會(huì)做的更好。eg.Butforelectricity(=iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.要是沒(méi)有電，就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。eg.Undersuchcircumstances,Iwouldhavedonethesame.在這樣的情況下，我也會(huì)做同樣的事情。二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

(should+do)句型1.Itis+adj.+that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句此句型中adj.指的是形容事情重要性，令人吃驚，失望的形容詞。如：important,essential(緊要的),vital(極其重要的)urgent(緊迫的),imperative(迫切的），necessary,appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?,advisable(合理的),natural,proper(合適的),strange重要的是你一定要吃藥。Itisimportantthatyou_____________(take)themedicine.他有必要參加這次考試。Itisnecessarythathe_______________(take)the

exam.她竟然嫁給了這種人，真奇怪/令人驚奇/令人失望。Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatsheshouldmarrysuchaman.(should)take(should)take句型2：Itisapity/shamethat….Itisapity/shamethathe(should)belate.真可惜，他竟然遲到了。句型3：Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that….過(guò)去分詞指：表示建議，命令，要求的。如：

ordered,suggested,requested,required,recommended,demanded,desired….e.g.Itsuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.有人建議他應(yīng)該參加俱樂(lè)部活動(dòng)1.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.speak

B.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak2.Itisstrangethathe_____so.A.wouldsay

B.wouldspeakC.shouldsay

D.willspeak3.Itissuggestedthatwe____________(make)aspecialstudyoftheproblem.It’svitaltoherthatshe_________(take)thismedicine.

(Should)maketake2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（1）常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。1.insist

2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即:從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。WesuggestedthatTom____________arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.（should）have國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.注意：當(dāng)insist：不表示“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”，而表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為”不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)suggest:

不表示“建議某人做某事”,而表示“暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他是對(duì)的。

Heinsistedthathewasright.

他堅(jiān)持要求我們到場(chǎng)。

Heinsistedthatweshouldpresent.（2）她臉上的微笑暗示我做的好。

ThesmileonherfacesuggestedIdidagoodjob.

老師建議我們多讀英語(yǔ)。OurteachersuggestedthatwereadmoreEnglish.1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand_______free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset2.Mary’suncleinsists____inthishotel.A,notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot3.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.has

B.hadC.have

D.willhave3.表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。相應(yīng)的名詞insistenceorder，commandsuggestion,advice,

proposaldemand,requirement,request,desire修飾這些名詞時(shí)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式should+v.我的建議是在村莊周?chē)喾N些樹(shù)。

Myadviceisthatmoretrees_______________(plant)aroundthevillage.他們的提議是要我們?yōu)樗麄兂闪⒁凰鶚I(yè)余學(xué)校。

Theirproposalisthatwe____________(setup)asparetimeschoolforthem.他的意見(jiàn)是我們應(yīng)討論一下這個(gè)報(bào)告。

Hisrequirement

isthatwe______________(discuss)thereport.(should)beplantedshouldsetup(should)discuss我們都同意他的意見(jiàn)，去北京觀光。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.你認(rèn)為我們立即開(kāi)始第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)的意見(jiàn)怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwe___________(begin)thesecondexperimentatonce?

我們所有的人都贊同關(guān)閉這家化工廠。

Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory________(be)closeddown.(should)goshouldbeginshouldbe

1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Theorderthattheprisoner______arrivedtoolate.A.issetfree

B.shouldsetfree

C.besetfree

D.willbesetfree3.Hissuggestionthatthemeeting______wasturneddown.A.bedelayed

B.willbedelayed

C.woulddelayed

D.isdelayed4.Mydemandisthatshe_______toseemeonceaweek.A.shouldcameB.willcomeC.iscomingD.come5.Theorderisthatyou_________thatpersonasquicklyaspossible.A.foundB.willfindC.shouldfindD.wouldfind1.用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的名詞性從句，都是that引導(dǎo)的。2.用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的名詞性從句，其形式都是：

should+do(should可以省略）3.主語(yǔ)從句“itis…that”

賓、表、同位語(yǔ)從句：注意表示一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求的詞?？偨Y(jié)三、其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.wish的賓語(yǔ)從句wish的賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)(did/were)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)would/could/might+V.

不能用shouldIwishIwereabird.(現(xiàn)在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過(guò)去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未來(lái))1.---Heisaverybraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_____hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.mayhave2.IwishI_____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldgo3.IwishI___youyesterday.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee4.IwishI____tenyearsyounger.A.amB.wereC.amgoingtoD.be5.Iwishthatyou_____.getagoodjobB.willgetagoodjobC.wouldgetagoodjobD.havegotagoodjob6.---Don’tyouwanttogotoakaraokebarwithus?-----IwishI_____,butIhaveanappointment.A.mayB.couldC.canD.should7.---You___havesetasidemoretimetoplaywithourkids.-----IwishI____,butyouknowhowbusyIwas.should;wouldB.could;didC.might;shouldD.should;had2.It’stime+that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（過(guò)去式或

should+do)不可省略should你該走了。(about/high)It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。It’stimethatwe______

(go)tobed.It’stimethatwe_________(go)tobed.

wentshouldgo1.It’stimewe____ourmeeting.A.mustbeginB.beginC.begunD.began2.----Tommy,isn’tittimeyou____theschoolbus?------Okay,I____mybreakfast.A.shouldcatch;havealmostfinishedB.catch;willalmostfinishingC.caught;amalmostfinishingD.willcatch;almostfinish

24.Everybodyhasarrived.It’stimewe___themeeting.A.wouldstartB.hadstartedC.shallstartD.started

3.wouldrather+that

引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中（我寧愿…)過(guò)去:現(xiàn)在：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)(did/were)過(guò)去時(shí)(did/were)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就付給我錢(qián)。（現(xiàn)在）Iwouldratheryou_____(pay)menow.paid我寧愿你昨天也走了。（過(guò)去）Iwouldratheryou_________(go)tooyesterday.hadgone

別來(lái)，我寧愿你明天來(lái)。(未來(lái))Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou_____(come)tomorrow.came回顧：wouldrather+動(dòng)詞原形意謂“寧可……”、“寧愿……”、“最好……”

E.g.：He’dratherworkinthecountryside.

★其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth

E.g.:Mr.Liwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic.

如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望：wouldrather+havedone我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有碰到他。Iwouldrathernothavemetyouyesterday.1.-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.mustn’t2.----Wouldyouliketoworkinmycompany?----Sorry,I’drather____here,butI’drathermybrother_____toyourcompany.A.staying;goesB.tostay;togoC.stay;wentD.tostay;goes3.----Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?-----Yes,butI’drather_____it.A.notdoB.nottodoC.havenotdoneD.nothavedone

asif和asthough都表示“好像是”，引導(dǎo)的從句只要表示“與事實(shí)相反的”，都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4.asif/though+從句現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去時(shí)/were過(guò)去完成時(shí)他的說(shuō)話就像是認(rèn)識(shí)我一樣。Hetalksasifhe_____(know)me.她像愛(ài)自己兒子一樣愛(ài)這個(gè)孩子。Shelovesthebabyasifit____(be)herownson.wereknew我記得這件事，好像昨天剛發(fā)生一樣。Irememberthewholethingasifit___________(happen)yesterday.hadhappened：此句型中的“現(xiàn)在”和“過(guò)去”指是:asif應(yīng)到的從句動(dòng)詞和主句動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。(1)現(xiàn)在：指從句動(dòng)詞和主句動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生:Helooksasifhewereill.(他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)好像有病。)Helookedasifhewereill.(他那時(shí)看起來(lái)好像有病。)(2)過(guò)去：指的是從句動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞之前：Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.注意1.Franklinlookedasthoughhe____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen2.Kittytalksasifshe____onthespot.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.be3.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.A.know

B.knowsC.known

D.knew1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___