詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料日期：20xx年X月1.Awordis_______ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.A. aminimalfreeformB. asmallestmeaningfulunitC.anelementwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedD.agrammaticallyminimalform2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotcorrect

wordcanbeformedbytwofreemorphemeswordcanbeformedbyafreemorphemeandaboundmorphemewordcanbeformedbytwoboundmorphemeswordcanbeformedbyanytwoaffixes.3.Thesymbolicconnectionofawordtoaparticularthingisalmostalways_______________.A.logical B.arbitrary C.inherent D.automatic

4.Indifferentlanguages,thesameconceptscanberepresentedbydifferentsounds,whichshows__________.relationshipbetweensoundandmeaningcannotbeestablished.aredifferentlogicalrelationsbetweensoundandmeaningrelationbetweensoundandmeaningisamatterofconvention conceptsarenotreallythesame

5.Thepronunciationofalanguagehaschangedmore______thanspellingovertheyears.systematicallyB.arbitrarilyC.logicallyD.rapidly

1.TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyconsistsof________.

A.

allthelanguagesinEuropeandIndiaB.

allthelanguagesinIndiaandsomelanguagesinEurope.C.

mostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.D.

SomeofthelanguagesofEuropeandallthelanguagesoftheNearEast2.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe______.

A.

Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.

Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.C.

Averydifficultlanguage.D.

Alanguageofleveledendings.3.TheEasternsetofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyincludessuchlanguagesas_____.A.

Polish,WelshandHindiB.

English,FrenchandRussianC.

German,PersianandIrishD.

Armenian,AlbanianandBulgarian4.TheGermanicfamilyconsistsofthefourEuropeanlanguages:__________.A.

Slovenian,Czech,RomanyandItalicB.

Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedishC.

Scottish,Irish,WelshandBreton D.

Portuguese,Italian,EnglishandGerman5._________onlymadeasmallcontributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.

A.LatinB.CelticC.DanishD.Spanish6.ThefirstpeoplesknowntoinhabitwhatisnowEnglandare________.

A.Anglo-Saxons B.FrenchspeakingNormansC.Celts D.Jutes7.Englishismorecloselyrelatedto____________.

A.GermanthanFrench.B.FrenchthanGermanC.WelshthanGermanD.IrishthanDutch8.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansof_______.

A.translation-loansB.semanticloansC.wordformationD.borrowings9.OldEnglishvocabularywasinessence________withasmallquantityofwordsborrowedfromLatinandScandinavian.

A.CelticB.GermanicC.RomanD.Irish10.Englishhasevolvedfrom___________.

A.

ananalyticlanguagetoasyntheticlanguageB.

aCelticlanguagetoaBritishlanguageC.

analyticlanguagetoalessinflectionallanguageD.

asyntheticlanguagetoananalyticlanguage1.Therelationshipbetweentheword-formandmeaningis____.Mostwordscanbesaidtobe___.A.prescriptive,motivated B.prescriptive,non-motivatedC.arbitrary,motivated D.arbitrary,non-motivatedofthefollowingisincorrectA.“airmail”means“mailbyair” B.“reading-lamp”means“l(fā)ampforreading”C.“greenhorn”isthehorngreenincolorD.“hopeless”is“withouthope”3.____explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandtriturativesenseoftheword.A.Etymologicalmotivation B.OnomatopoeticmotivationC.Morphologicalmotivation D.Semanticmotivation4.Nowpeopleuse“pen”foranywritingtoolthoughitoriginallydenotes“feature”.Thisphenomenoncanbeexplainedby____.A.etymologicalmotivation B.onomatopoeticmotivationC.morphologicalmotivation D.semanticmotivationisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.A.Grammaticalmeaning B.DenotativemeaningC.Associativemeaning D.Connotativemeaning6.Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword“home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe“home”has______.A.collocations B.connotationsC.denotations D.perorations7.“Domicile,residence,abode,home”arealmostthesameinconceptualmeaning,butdiffermainlyin___.A.connotativemeaningB.affectivemeaningC.collocativemeaningD.stylisticmeaning8.____varyfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture,fromgenerationtogeneration,fromsocietytosociety.A.ConnotativeandaffectionmeaningsB.ConnotativeandcollcationalmeaningsC.AffectiveandcollocationalmeaningsD.Affectiveandstylisticmeanings9.“Prettyandhandsome”,“trembleandquiver”differmainlyintheir

_____meanings.A.affective B.collocative C.stylistic D.denotative

word“treacle”hasthefollowingsenses:(1)wildbeast;(2)remedyforbitesofvenomousbeasts;(3)antidoteforpoisonorremedyforpoison;(4)anyeffectiveremedy;(5)(BrE)molasses.Whatsemanticprocesshas“treacle”undergone

A.centralization B.radiationC.concatenation D.narrowinggroupofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms

A.dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)B.bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)C.bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)D.right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)followingarethemainsourcesofhomonymsexcept

____.

A.changeinmeaning B.changeinsoundC.changeinspellingD.borrowing4.“Charmandglamour”，“ranchandran”aretwopairsofsynonymsresultingfrom___.

A.borrowing B.dialectsandregionalEnglishC.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwordsD.withidiomaticexpressions5.“win”and“gaintheupperhand”，“hesitate”and“beintwominds”aretwopairsofsynonymsresultingfrom____.

A.coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions.B.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords.C.dialectsandregionalEnglish.D.borrowing1.Thepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled_____.contextcontextcontextcontext2.Inabroadsense,extra-linguisticcontextincludes________.order3.Fromthephrase“awhitepaper”,weknowthatthemeaningoftheword“paper”hereis“document”.Thisshowsthatthe_______contextcandefinethemeaningofaword.A.extra-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.situational4.Themeaningsofawordmaybeinfluencedbythestructureinwhichitoccurs.Thestructureinwhichthewordinquestionappearscanbecalled____D____context.5.Inanarrowsense,contextrefersto________inwhichawordappears.A.thewordsBclausesC.sentencesD.Alloftheabove6.Theextra-linguisticcontextmanyextendtoembrace_______.A.grammaticalcontextB.lexicalcontextC.culturalcontextD.linguisticcontext.7.Indifferentcountries,“tradeunion”canbeinterpretedindifferentways.Thismeansthat_______mayhaveadefininginfluenceonthemeaningofanexpression.A.linguisticcontextB.collocationofwordsC.acompoundwordoraphraseD.culturalbackground8.Thewordsthatoccurtogetherwiththewordinquestionareoftentermedas____.A.grammaticalcontextB.compoundwordsC.lexicalcontextD.situationalcontextthanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.A.phonemes B.allomorphs C.morphs D.phones2.Inthewords"recollection,idealistic,andex-prisoner","re-,-ion,-ist,-ic,ex-,and-er"are.A.prefixes B.suffixes C.freemorphemes D.boundmorphemes3.isthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningbuthastobeusedincombinationwithothermorphemestomakewords.

A.Freeroot B.Boundroot C.Morpheme D.Boundmorpheme4.Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.

A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemesC.inflectionalmorphemes D.suffixes5.isthebasicformofaword,whichcan'tbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.

A.Stem B.Root C.Morpheme D.Affix6.Amayconsistofasinglemorphemeasin"iron"oroftwomorphemesasinacompoundlike"handcuff".

A.stem,root,root B.root,stem,stem C.stem,stem,rootD.root,root,stem1.Thenewwordsproducedfromshorteningincludingclippingandacronymsamounttoofallthenewwords.2.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.A.derivation,affixation B.affixation,derivationC.derivative,affixation D.affixation,derivative

3."De-,dis-,un-,"in"de-compose,disunite,unwrap",arecalled.A.pejorativeprefixes B.negativeprefixesC.reservativeprefixes D.miscellaneousprefixes

4."Hyper-,macro-,mini-,sub-,super-,ultra-",belongto.A.prefixesoforientation B.prefixesofattitudeC.prefixesofdegreeorsize D.prefixesoftimeandorder

5.belongtopejorativeprefixes.A.anti-,contra-,counter-,pro- B.auto-,neo-,pan-,vice-C.de-,dis-,un- D.mal-,mis-,pseudo-

6."Pan-European"means.A.forEurope B.againstEurope C.thewholeofEurope D.formerEurope

7."Profiteer,engineer,priestess,kitchenette,booklet"arecalled.A.concretedeverbalnouns B.concretedenominalnounsC.abstractdenominalnouns D.abstractdeverbalnouns

8."Productivity,happiness,largeness"fallintothegroupof.A.Deverbalnouns B.DenominalnounsC.De-adjective nouns D.De-adverbnouns

9.belongtodeverbalsuffixes.A.-able,-ive B.-ly,-ward C.-ate,-en D.-ful,-less,

10.Whenweuse"agreenhand"tomean"aninexperiencedperson","ablackhorse"tomean"anunexpectedwinner",weshouldreadthemas.A.agreen'hand,a'blackhorse B.a'greenhand,a'blackhorseC.agreen'hand,ablack'horse D.a'greenhand,ablack'horse

11.Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.

A.hotdog B.redmeat C.flowerpot D.fathead12.Thefollowingcanbechangedintopluralformsbyaddinginflectional-sdirectlytotheirends,except.

A.brother-in-law B.three—year-old C.majorgeneralD.new-born13.Themeaningsofmanycompoundsandderivativesarethetotalofthecombined.

A.morphs B.allomorphs C.roots D.morphemes14.WhichgroupofthefollowingarethenouncompoundsacceptableinEnglishA.breakout,downfall,intake,downslideB.outbreak,three-leg,outcry,breakthroughC.runaway,hangover,going-over,upbringingD.stockholder,brainstorming,deadline,easy-going

15.WhichgroupofthefollowingaretheadjectivecompoundsacceptableinEnglishA.far-reachng,forth-coming,air-conditioning,on-going.B.ten-story,five-leg,moon-walk,wadingbindC.deaf-mute,bitter-sweet,one-eyed,air-conditionedD.proof-reading,massproduction,warweary,stone-hearted

16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse A.Conversionreferstotheuseofwordsofoneclassasthatofadifferentclass.B.Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsandadverbs.C.Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithadjectiveswhenconvertedtonouns.D.Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.

17.WhichgroupofthefollowingispartiallyconvertedwhenusedasnounsA.poor,young,affluent,drunk B.poor,corrupt,rich,affluentC.poor,newly-wed,drinkable,white D.white,final,native,liberal

18.“Omnibus,earthquake,discotheque”arereplacedby“bus,quake,disco”respectivelyinthewayof.A.conversion B.clipping C.acronym D.backformation

19.WhichgroupofthefollowingareacronymsA.VOA,AIDS,BASIC,D-Day B.CORE,Laser,TEFL,NATOC.G-man,BBC,BASIC,NATO D.TV,ID,TB,UFO20.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationinmodernEnglisharethefollowingexcept.A.compounding B.affixation C.acronym D.conversionⅠAccordingtothegivenmeaning,ChoosetheproperformoftheEnglishidiomfromthefouralternativeanswers.

A.tillcowscomehomeB.tillthecowscomehome

C.tillbullscomehomeD.tillthebullscomehomeinthought

A.inabrownstudyB.inaredstudyC.inagreenstudyD.inadarkstudyonlyinwords,notinfact

A.mouthserviceB.lipserviceC.braintrustD.mindtrustcertainly

A.sureaseggiseggB.sureasaeggisaeggC.sureaseggsareeggs

D.sureaseggsiseggs

A.intheairB.intheopenC.intherawD.inthestrawuselessandunwantedbutbigandcostly

A.whiteelephantB.darkelephantC.whitehorseD.darkhorseimportantandessentialpart

A.mightandmainB.bagandbaggageC.sumandsubstance

D.partandparcelfromcontinuoususe

A.fairandspareB.toilandmoilC.wearandtearD.kithandkinmemberthoughttobeadisgraceinthefamily

A.blacksheepB.adarkhorseC.graymareD.whiteelephantalldifficultiesandtroubles

A.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthin

C.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinishⅡEachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethebestone.thefollowingidioms,whichoneisnominalinnatureasfarassyntacticfunctionisconcerned.

andbloodandsoulandnailandlowspeaking,idiomsareexpressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirofindividual

elements.

meaningmeaningmeaningmeaningstructureofanidiomistoalargeextent.

oftheaboveofsynonymsiscalled.

5.referstoidiomsinwhichthenameofonethingisusedforthatofanotherassociatedwithit.

DMetonymymeaningoftheidiomblackbottleis.

drinkthatisblackincolor

boughtinanillegalwayfigureofspeechisappliedinthefollowingidioms"thesaltoftheearth";"snakeinthegrass".

isthemotherofsuccess,intheidiom,isused.

ofthefollowingidiomsmeansthingsoflittlevalue

andmeansandendsofdusttire,deletion,replacement,dismembering,etc.are_____.

manipulationfeaturesofspeechofidiomsbroomssweepclean,washonedirtylineninpublicisfirstusedby____.

ⅢSaywhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.eachconsistofmorethanoneword,butlotsofthemfunctionasoneword.meaningofidiomsalwayshavelogicalrelationshipwiththeliteralmeaningofindividualwords.constituentsofanidiomcannotbechanged,notevenonearticle.structuralstabilityisabsoluteinactualuse.speaking,mostidiomsareeitherformalorinformal.eachidiomisasemanticwhole,eachcanbereplacedbyasingleword.theidiomsthatfunctionasadjectivesconsistofadjectives.largeproportionofidiomswerefirstcreatedbyworkingaresult,mostofthemarenowstillconfinedtolimitedgroupofpeopleengagedinthesametradeoractivity.numbersofidiomsareusedintheirmetaphoricalmeaning.metonymyandsynecdocheinvolvesubstitutionofnames,yettheydifferfromeachanother.positionofcertainconstituentsinsomeidiomscanbeshiftedwithoutanychangeinmeaning.somecases,idiomscanbebrokenunintopiecestoachievespecialeffect.idiomsarepeculiartothenativecultureandlanguage,manyimagescreatedbythemareexpressive,effectiveandimpressiveeventoforeignlearnersdogiscalleda“dog”becausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.

wordisasmallestmeaningfulunitthathasasoundunityandagrammaticalfunction.

writtenformofalanguageisthewrittenrecordoftheoralform,thereforethewrittenformagreeswiththeoralform.

isatermthatcanonlybeusedtorefertothetotalnumberofwordsinalanguage.

F1.EnglishlanguageisthelanguageoftheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIsles.T2.OldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendingswhileMiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.T3.ModernEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentofprintinginEngland.F4.InmodernEnglishperiod,borrowingisnolongeranimportantchannelofvocabularyexpansion.T5.InearlierstagesofEnglish,French,Latin,GreekandScandinavianwerethemajorcontributorstotheexpansionofEnglishvocabulary.F6.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.T7.IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,WycliffandShakespearemadegreatcontributionstotheelevationofthesocialstatusoftheEnglishlanguage.F8.OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout20,000to90,000words.F9.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-SaxonasModernEnglish.

languagemadegreatcontributionstotheexpansionoftheEnglishvocabT1.Compoundsandderivedwordsaremulti-morphemicwords,andthemeaningofmanyarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.F2.Bymorphologicalmotivation,wemeanthatameaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.F3.Functionalwordshavebothlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.T4.Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsandstylisticfeaturesofwords.F5.Inmanycasestheappreciativeorpejorativemeaningofthewordsareproducedoutofcontext.F1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.rulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.F3.Affixeslike“-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.F4.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.F5.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.F6.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.F7.“-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in“l(fā)inkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.F8.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.F9.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.F10.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.F11.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfun