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卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精品文檔第一章名詞同學們,讓我們一起來觀察下面的單詞:bananawatercupbirdmanmotherfatherlifeideaBeijingChinaSmithMondayNo.2MiddleSchooltheGreatWall我們發(fā)現(xiàn),以上單詞都是表示人或事物名稱的詞,我們把它們稱為名詞,用符號n?來表示。名詞到底學什么?一是名詞的分類;二是名詞的數(shù);三是名詞的所有格。第一節(jié)名詞的分類接下來,我們來學習一下名詞的分類。專有名詞和由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專名f專有名詞和由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專名單數(shù)abook復數(shù)twobooks專有名詞:China,theGreatWall,Helen(世上獨一無二單數(shù)abook復數(shù)twobooksI普通名詞1)2)、3)水質(zhì)的:water,milk,juice油質(zhì)的:oil,butter,soap,粉末狀的:chalk,bread第二節(jié)名詞的數(shù)1)2)、3)1?規(guī)則變化(口訣:ses加雙變)直接+s例如:books,chairs,students,oranges以字母-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es例如:boxes,peaches,watches,dishes以o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)詞尾加es的口訣:黑人(Negroes)英雄(heroes)在火山(volcanoes)上吃芒果(mangos/es)土豆(potatoes)西紅柿(tomatoes)提示:radios,photos以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加-es例如:family—families,baby—babies(以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加-s例:boys,toys,monkeys)以字母-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f/fe為ves口訣:妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)嚇得丟面包(loaf)躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光對應(yīng)復數(shù)為:wives,knives,wolves,thieves,loaves,shelves,selves,lives,halves,leaves注:詞尾可以直接加s的詞有:roofs,chiefs,safes,cliffs,gulfs,golfs;詞尾可以加s也可加es的有:scarf,handkerchief2?名詞變復數(shù)的發(fā)音規(guī)則名詞后加s,es發(fā)音為:/s/,/z/,/iz/口訣:清清濁濁元濁,/t//d/后發(fā)/ts/,/dz/,遇到/s,z,tj,d發(fā)血/,3/例如:shops/ps/ducks/ks/例如:pens_/z/;boys/z/例如:cats/ts/hats/ts/passports/ts/tourists/ts/例如:birds/dz/friends/dz/cards/dz/例如:buses/siz/sizes/ziz/peaches/tjiz/oranges/d3iz/3?不規(guī)則變化(1)口訣:有些名詞特殊記,foot,tooth和goose,oo變ee;多個孩子多個人,男人女人a變e;精品文檔鹿羊魚耍脾氣,保持原身體。小老鼠真淘氣,掉進冰里丟身體。(ox公牛一^xen)注:fish的用法(3fish,kindsoffishes,eatsomefish)(2)口訣:“兩個名詞”在一起,前不變,后變,除了男人和女人,主體名詞加s,以上規(guī)則須牢記。appletree—appletrees,keyboardoperator—keyboardoperators,girlfriend—girlfiends,boystudent—boystudents,但mandoctor一mendoctors,womandoctor—womendoctors;stepmother,mother-in-law⑶表“國人”的名詞:口訣:中日不變,英法變,其余s加后面。Chinese一Chinese,Japanese一Japanese,Englishman一Englishmen,Frenchman一Frenchmen,American一Americans,German一Germans(以-can,-an結(jié)尾的國人+s)集體名詞family,class等強調(diào)“整體”謂語(單數(shù))強調(diào)“成員”謂語(復數(shù))例如:Myfamilyishappy.MyfamiliesarewatchingTV.I'minClassFourandIhavefourclasseseverymorning.群體名詞:people,police兩詞本身就是“復數(shù)”,謂語動詞用“復數(shù)”(be動詞應(yīng)用are)例如:Therearemanypeopleintheroom.Thepolicearerunningafterthethieves.二、不可數(shù)名詞常見的不可數(shù)名詞有三類:1)水質(zhì)的:water,milk,juice2)油質(zhì)的:oil,butter,soap3)粉末狀的:chalk,bread雷打不動十大不可數(shù)名詞:work,progress,news;health,information,advice;music,fun;weather,luck為方便記憶,特送口訣:工作進步好消息,健康信息多建議,愛聽音樂有樂趣,天氣真好是運氣。量的表達:不可數(shù)名詞不能與數(shù)詞連用,僅能與little/alittle/much/abit等不可數(shù)限定詞連用。不可數(shù)名詞要表達量,必須借助數(shù)量詞短語。公式:a/an/數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞例如:news—條新聞:apieceofnews;bread一塊/條面包:aloafofbreadcoffee一杯咖啡:acupofcoffee;soap一塊肥皂:abarofsoap注意他們的復數(shù)形式:只變數(shù)量詞。acupofcoffeeftwocupsofcoffee常用的數(shù)量詞的表達結(jié)構(gòu):(必會)aglassof(一玻璃杯…),acupof(一茶杯…),abottleof(一瓶),apieceof(一片、和條等),aloafof(一塊...),apoundof(一磅...),apairof(一雙,副,條...),abagof(一袋),等。單個不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:Airisveryimportantforus.拓展部分:同學們,該我們找規(guī)律了。(一)manystudents,afewbooks(有一些書),fewbooks(沒幾本書),anumberofstudents(許多學生),(thenumberofstudents...的數(shù)量,后面謂語動詞用單數(shù),比如be動詞用⑸alotofapples(許多蘋果)someeggs修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的詞:many,afew,few,anumberof,thenumberof,alotof(二)muchmoneyalittlemoney(有一些錢)littlemoney(幾乎沒錢)alotofmoney(許多錢)somemoney精品文檔修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞:much,alittle,little,alotof,some(三)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞為:alotof.some第二節(jié)名詞的所有格一、定義:名詞所有格即表示這個名詞歸誰所有的問題。名詞的這種所有格吧!共分為三種類型:'s所有格,of所有格,雙重所有格,(一)'s所有格:名詞+'s或+s'(多表示有生命的東西;單數(shù)名詞的所有格+'s:例如:Tom'sbook,Children'sDay復數(shù)以s結(jié)尾只+'例如:Teachers'Day表示兩個人的所有格:如果兩人“共用”一個物體,則只在后一個人的后面+'s例如:Lucy和Lily的房間:LucyandLily'sroom(兩人共用);如果兩人“各用各的”,則都需要分別+'s.例如:Lucy'sandLily'srooms(一人一間)做題技巧:關(guān)鍵看“’”后的名詞:如果是“單數(shù)”說明兩人共有,只在后者+'s。如果是“復數(shù)”,說明各是各的,兩個詞都要+'s。表示某人的“家,店鋪”等所有格用's后的名詞常省略。(新一L69)例如:atthebutcher's(shop)gotomymother's(house)口訣:想用職業(yè)來表地點,人的前面+the,后面+'s。atthebaker's,注意:如果是人名,則不用前加the,只在其后加's。例如:atMary's.特殊用法:(1)Aftertheexamwe'llhaveatwomonths'holiday=atwo-monthholiday(2)EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa20minutes'walktohisoffice.=a20-minutewalk(3)Thereisafivestars'hotel.=afive-starhotel口訣:數(shù)-單名作定語,修飾其后的名詞。表時間,距離常用's所有格。二、of所有格(多表示無生命的東西)例如:aphotoofmyfamily,amapofChina/theworld特殊:用“to”表示所有格:thekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion,theentrancetothepark三、雙重所有格1?Imeet(遇到)everymorning.A.afriendofmine.B.afriendofmy.C.afriendofme.注意:雙重所有格:???of+n's例如:afriendofmyfather's/Mary'smother's???of+名詞性物主代詞例如:afriendofmine(his、hers、theirs)第二章一般現(xiàn)在時一、定義:表示目前的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常性的動作。Jerryisabigguy.Heeatsthreebowlsofmeateveryday.二、結(jié)構(gòu)1.“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu):eg:YouareastudentYouarenotastudent.Areyouastudent?Yes,youare.No,youaren't.肯:主+be(am,is,are)+表。否:主+be(am,is,are)+not+表。

精品文檔疑:Be+主+表?肯定回答:Yes,主+be.否定回答:No,主+benot.(可縮寫)amnotisnot=isn'tarenot=aren't“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)肯:主(三單)+謂+s+賓否:主(三單)+don't/doesn't+v原+賓。疑:Do/Does+主+v.原形+賓?肯定回答:Yes,主+do/does.否定回答:No,主+don't/doesn't.例如:HelikesEnglish.(變否)Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.(變疑)DoeshelikeEnglish?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.特殊疑問句⑴結(jié)構(gòu):特詞+助v.+主+謂v原+其它?Hedoeshishomeworkeveryday.(變否、變疑、并對劃線部分提問)特疑:Whatdoeshedoeveryday?解析:否定句中的doesn't為助動詞,第二個do為實義動詞。Hebrusheshisteeththreetimesaday.對threetimes提問:(即對次數(shù)提問)Howmanytimesdoeshebrushhisteethaday?對threetimesaday提問:(對頻率提問)Howoftendoeshebrushhisteeth?三、動詞變化三單概念(1)當主語為第三人稱單數(shù),he/she/it(2)一個物acat等一個人Tom,myfriend等動詞的單三形式變化變化口訣:s,es,y變i,have變has。⑵一般情況詞尾+s:works,looks,wants⑶以-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-o結(jié)尾詞尾+es:teaches,washes,dresses,fixes,goes⑷以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加es:flies,cries,tries四、標志性時間狀語判斷一個句子是什么時態(tài)的依據(jù)就是要學會“依照時間,來定時態(tài)”。即“依時定態(tài)"。例如:Heruns(run)everyday.“一般現(xiàn)在時”的時間狀語:every系列:everyday/everyweek/everymonth/everyyearIgotoschoolonfooteveryday.“頻率副詞”系列:always,usually,often,sometimes等(漸弱)頻率副詞在句子中的“位置口訣”:“be”之后,“行”之前,“情”、“助”與“行”之間。但:sometimes常用于句首或句尾。(be之后)(“行”之前)(1)Tomis(be之后)(“行”之前)oftengotoschoolat6:00.Girlsusuallylikesweets.Hecanalwaysanswerthesequestions.*?Idon'toftengotoschoolat3:00.*oSometimeshegoestoschoolbybus.3.onSundays(每逢星期幾)系列:OnSaturdays/OnFriday/OnMondayIgotoseemygrandmotheronSundays.精品文檔4.onceaweek(系列):twiceamonth,threetimesaday.等Iwritetomymothertwiceamonth.五、用法經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作或狀態(tài)。習語、諺語。Afriendinneedisfriendindeed.“客觀真理不動搖”:始終要用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.解析:當主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài),則所有的從句都要帶上過去的帽子,但“客觀真理不動搖?!辈还苣愕睦蠋熣f不說,地球都繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn),這是一個客觀真理。例如:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.4.if條件句、時間狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。(主將從現(xiàn))Ifhecomesback,Iwilltellyou.Whenhecomesback,Iwilltellyou.Assoonashecomesback,Iwilltellyou.第三章冠詞一.定義:冠詞是用在名詞前面,說明名詞所表示的人或事物的詞。名詞是禿子,需要戴帽子,帽子就是冠詞。二.分類:不定冠詞a/an,定冠詞the,零冠詞第一節(jié)a(n)的用法用法口訣:一個,一類,某一,另一,不見原因(元音)不施恩(n)。解析:(1)表示數(shù)量,有“一個”的意思,eg:Thereare7daysinaweek.(2)表示一類人或者是物,eg:Abirdcanfly.(3)泛指一類名詞中的某一個,eg:Tomisanactor.(4)用于“序數(shù)詞”前表“另一”例如:HehavebeentoBeijingtwice.IwanttogotoBeijingathirdtime.提示:athirdtime:又一次,再一次thethirdtime:第三次(5)元音因素前要用不定冠詞an:anappleaninterestingbook(6)用于某些固定搭配中:alotof,afew,alittle,anumberof,afterawhile(稍后),givesbahand(幫助某人),inahurry,halfanhour,wantago=haveatry,catch(have)acold(感冒),haveabath/shower,haveadrink,haveafever(發(fā)燒),havearest,ina/oneword(總之),haveawordwithsb(和某人談話),givealesson(教課)三.特殊用法1.在26個字母中,當以下12個字母單獨出現(xiàn)時,其前要用an.它們是:/e/:f,l,m,n,s,x(共6個)/ei/:a,h(共2個)/i:/:e/a:/:r1*1:o/ai/:ia,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x/共12個。為了記憶,把它們編成一個口訣:Mr.Lihasonefox.例如:Thereisan“s"intheword“six".特殊單詞首字母的發(fā)音:▲“h”:注意以下以h開頭的單詞用an,因為h在此處不發(fā)音。eg:anhouranhonor(榮譽)anhonestboy(一位誠實的男孩)▲2“u”:分兩種情況:(單詞以u開頭)當字母u發(fā)/ju:/時,前面用a.例如:auniversity;ausefulbook;auniform(制服),aunit(單元)卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔當字母u發(fā)/a/時,前面用an.例如:anuncle;anumbrella;anuglyduckling(丑小鴨)解析:雖是元音字母開頭,但要考慮的是元音音素。應(yīng)根據(jù)情況而定。3one前應(yīng)用a.Thereisaone-legtable.解析:因為發(fā)/w/音。用a.第二節(jié)“定冠詞”the一、發(fā)音:在輔音音素前讀:/3s/:eg:thebook.在元音音素前發(fā)生音變,讀:/3i:/(重讀)或/3i/(弱讀)例如:intheafternoon/evening,theoldman,theotherone二、八大用法:口決:“特指雙方熟悉,上文已經(jīng)提及;世上獨一無二,序數(shù)詞最高級;某些專有名詞,習語以及樂器;形容詞前表一類,姓氏復數(shù)表一家?!苯馕觯?.特指雙方熟悉:(說話雙方均知道的那個人或物)例如:Whereisthemathteacher?Heisoverthere.上文已經(jīng)提及:Ihaveapen.Thepenisred.也符合:第一次提到泛指用a/an,再次提到特指用the表“世上獨一無二":Thesunisrising.theworld,themoon,theearth;在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級前:Iamthefirsttogettoschool.Heisthetallestboyinourschool.某些專有名詞:由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞:詞組:theYellowRiver(黃河),theSummerPalace(頤和園),theUnitedStates(美國),thePeople'sRepublicofChina(中華人民共和國),theChildren'sPalace(少年宮)習語以及樂器:部分習慣用語中n.前常加the:allthetime(一直),attheageof(在…歲時),allthesame(仍然),atthemoment(此刻),dotheshopping/washing/買衣服/洗衣服,bytheway(順便說),inthemorning,intheopenair(在戶夕卜),intheeast/west/south/north樂器前必加the:口決:“打球下棋者衣冠不整,演奏樂器者衣冠整齊”例如:playfootball,playchess但:playthepianoplaytheviolin補充:西洋樂器前加the,但是中國本地的不用。例如:playErhuKey:/7?the+(部分)adj?表:“一類人”:例如:thepoor/rich/old/young/sick/blind/new/dead8.the+姓s表:“夫婦倆,一家人”例如:TheSmiths(=TheSmithfamily)arehavinglunch.(Smith一家)第三節(jié)零冠詞用法口決:下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前;專有名詞不可數(shù),學科球類三餐前;復數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;(節(jié)日、季節(jié))顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。解析:(1)“代詞”限定“名詞”前:精品文檔當名詞前面有“代詞”修飾時,不用冠詞。例如:HeisourMathteacher。(our把a頂?shù)簦?)“專有名詞”“不可數(shù)”:專有名詞:單個國名,人名,地名。例如:China,India,England等前不加任何冠詞。但theUnitedStates,theGreatWall是“由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞”前必加the。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,但表特指時加定冠詞the。(3)“學科”“球類”“三餐”前;學科前不用the:例如:DoyoulikeMaths?Key:/球類前不加the:play+球不用the;(而:playthe+樂器)三餐前不用the:havelunch但當三餐前有修飾語時,常用a/an:例如:haveabiggood(nice,light)lunch(4)“復數(shù)名詞”表泛指:(必定是可數(shù)名詞)例如:Horsesareusefulanimals.=A(The)horseisausefulanimal.注意:當泛指“人類”時,常用Man來表示。例如:Mancan'tlivewithout(沒有)waterorair.沒有水和空氣人類就不能生存。(而不用theman或aman.)(5)“兩節(jié)(節(jié)日、季節(jié))”“星期”“月份”前;以day組成的節(jié)日前不用the:例如:Children'sDay;Mother'sDay;Mid—AutumnDay不以Day結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前加the:例如:theSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival;theNewYear等季節(jié)前一般不加the:例如:inspring/summer/autumn(fall)/winter但是inthespringof1992(當有修飾語或特指時可以加the)OnSunday.InMay.(6)“顏色”“語種”和“國名”:例如:Thebookisred.Englishisausefullanguage.Chinaisabigcountry.(7)“稱呼”“習語”及“頭銜”稱呼:Mr,Wangiswaitingforyou.Hereitis,Mom!習慣用語:by+工具:bybike/bus/air/plane/train/ship等。詞組:beatschool,beatwork,beinhospital(住院),bymistake(錯誤地),atnight,hereandthere(至U處),dayandnight,ontime,athome,onduty,gohome,gotobed,beintrouble頭銜前不加冠詞:例如:Doctor(頭銜),Ihaveaheadache.第四章動詞一、什么是動詞?表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。二、動詞的種類按照動詞的詞義和動詞在句子中所起的作用來劃分,動詞可分為五大類:Be動詞be動詞很特殊,既可以作系動詞又可以作助動詞,而且用途廣泛。用法口訣:我用am,你用are,is跟著他她它,復數(shù)形式都用are。實義動詞實義動詞也叫行為動詞,能獨立作謂語。如:Thelionopeneditshugemouthandroared(咆哮).實義動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。1)及物動詞,后面可以直接接賓語。如:JudyfoundaChristmasgiftinthestocking.卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔不及物動詞,不需要賓語。如:Thecarstopped.不及物動詞后如跟賓語,須加上介詞。如:listentome有些動詞既可以作及物動詞又可以作不及物動詞。如:play:playagame;playwithyoyo.有些動詞既可以作及物動詞又可以作不及物動詞,但意義不一樣。如:ask:askforhelp;askhimtogoout系動詞系動詞也叫連系動詞,不能單獨作謂語,必須和名詞,形容詞等一起使用,作句子的謂語。常用的系動詞有:be動詞(是最基本的系動詞)如:IamfromHollywood.五官動詞:look,sound,smell,taste,feel如:Theboylooksveryhappy.變化動詞:get,become,turn等。如:Theleavesturngreeninfall.狀態(tài)動詞:keep,stay等。如:Pleasekeepquietinthelibrary.4?助動詞助動詞有be;do,does,did;will(would),shall(should);have,has,had等。它們和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài),以及構(gòu)成否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)等。如:Thechildiscrying.5?情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞詞義不完全,不能單獨作謂語,只能與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞有shall,should,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,dare,need,oughtto等。三、動詞的基本形式動詞的五種基本形式這五種形式的動詞和助動詞一起構(gòu)成了動詞的各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)。1.動詞原形2.第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式3.過去式4.現(xiàn)在分詞5.過去分詞1?動詞原形動詞原形就是在詞典詞目中所使用的動詞形式。如:bedoworklivecomelike2?第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式的構(gòu)成1)變化口訣:s,es,y變i,have變has。變化規(guī)則動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式⑴一般情況詞尾+Swork,look,wantworks,looks,wants(2)以-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-o結(jié)尾詞尾+esteach,wash,dress,fix,goteaches,washes,dresses,fixes,goes⑶以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加esfly,cry,tryflies,cries,tries動詞單三形式的發(fā)音規(guī)則發(fā)音口訣:清清,濁濁,元濁,/t,d/后發(fā)/ts/和/dz/,遇到/s,z;tf,d3;J,3;/發(fā)/iz/。當動詞尾音為清輔音時,加s或es后發(fā)/s/:looks,helps,jumps當動詞尾音為濁輔音或元音時,加s或es后發(fā)/z/:opens,airs當動詞尾音為/t,d/時,加s后發(fā)/ts/和/dz/:cuts,needs當動詞尾音為/s,z;tf,d3J3/時,發(fā)/iz/:teaches,washes3?過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成變化口訣:直,去,雙,變。變化規(guī)則動詞原形過去式和過去分詞⑴一般情況,詞尾+edwalk,work,helpwalked,worked,helped⑵以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾,去e加eddecide,hope,likedecided,hoped,liked卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;⑶輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-edcarry,hurry,flycarried,hurried,flied⑷以“輔+元+輔”結(jié)尾,且重讀時,雙寫末輔+edstop,nod,planstopped,nodded,planned【注】上面介紹的都是過去式和過去分詞的規(guī)則變化,也就是“動詞原形+ed”。實際上,還有許多動詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化是不規(guī)則的。如:A-A-A型:動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞形式都相同:cut---cut,cut(切割)A-B-B型:過去式與過去分詞形式相同:bring---brought,brought(帶來)A-B-C型:動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞都不相同:go---went,gone(去)A-B型:情態(tài)動詞沒有過去分詞:may—might(可能)這些不規(guī)則變化需要逐個記憶。更多的變化可以參考不規(guī)則動詞表。2)規(guī)則動詞過去式,過去分詞的發(fā)音發(fā)音口訣:清清,濁濁,元濁,/t,d/后發(fā)/id/。當尾音為清輔音時,加ed后發(fā)/t/looked,jumped,walked,washed,worked,asked,typed,watched,talked,thanked;helped;當尾音為濁輔音或元音時,加ed后發(fā)/d/cleaned,opened,sharpened,turnedon,listened,aired;與單詞尾音/t/一起構(gòu)成/tid/:dusted,painted,waited,wanted,greeted;與單詞尾音/d/—起構(gòu)成/did/:decided,needed現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化口訣:直,去,雙,變。havebreakfast/lunch/dinner/supper/amealhavetea/aglassofwater:havebreakfast/lunch/dinner/supper/amealhavetea/aglassofwater:喝茶/一杯水haveaswim游泳haveahaircut理發(fā)haveaparty開晚會haveasmoke/cigarette吸煙haveacarcrash出車禍havealook看一看haveawalk散步haveadrink喝一杯h(huán)aveaheadache/toothache/cold/cough/af吃早餐/午飯/晚餐/一頓飯haveabath洗澡havealesson上課haveaholiday度假haveameeting開會havearest/break休息一下haveaseat坐下haveapicnic野餐haveatry試一試haveapicnic野餐ver頭痛(牙痛/感冒/咳嗽/發(fā)燒)(系列)變化規(guī)則動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞⑴一般情況,詞尾+inggo,ask,playgoing,asking,playing⑵以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾,去e,再加-ingwrite,come,takewriting,coming,taking⑶以“輔+元+輔”結(jié)尾,且重讀時,雙寫末輔+ingcut,run,nodcutting,running,nodding(4)以ie結(jié)尾時,變ie為y,加inglie,die,tielying,dying,tying四?有關(guān)“have的必背詞組:haveagoodtime=havefun過得愉快=enjoyoneself第五章現(xiàn)在進行時精品文檔一、定義表示“此刻”正在進行的動作。Hismotheriskickinghisass.Look!Aflyisflyingintheclassroom.表示“現(xiàn)階段”正在進行的動作。Thewriteriswritinganewbookthesedays.這些天作家正在寫一本新書。譯文:表示“某人(現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)階段)正在做……事”二、句式構(gòu)成肯:主+be(am、is、are)+V-ing.(現(xiàn)在分詞)。e.g.WearelearningEnglish.我們正在學英語。否:主+be+not+V-ing。eg:WearenotlearningEnglish疑:Be+主+V-ing+?AreyoulearningEnglish?答:肯:Yes主+be?否:No,主+be+not.(縮略式)特:特殊疑問句常考題型為對劃線部分提問--對不同句子成分的提問Theboysareplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.(可對四部分提問但不對時間狀語now提問)對“主語”(Theboys)提問:Whoisplayinggamesontheplayground?2.對“謂語+賓語"(playinggames)提問:Whataretheboysdoingontheplayground?對“賓語"(games)提問:Whatareboysplayingontheplayground?對“地點狀語”(ontheplayground)提問:Wherearetheboysplayinggames?三、動詞變化(一)現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing變化規(guī)則口訣:直、去、雙、變“直”:直接+-ing:doing,going,standing,walking,playing,emptying;“去”:去詞尾不發(fā)音的e+-ing:coming,riding,writing,dancing,making,changing,driving,becoming,inviting,typing,shaving,arriving,phoning,但:seeing,being不用?!半p”:雙寫尾字母+-ing:putting,sitting,running,beginning,swimming,shopping,shutting,getting,letting,digging,preferring,babysitting(traveling或traveling)“變”:以ie結(jié)尾,變ie為y+-ing:die—dyinglie—lyingtie—tying(bedying=奄奄一息)(二)發(fā)音規(guī)則:-ing發(fā)“英”的音。其應(yīng)與前面v.的尾音像拼音一樣“連讀”即可.四、標志性“時間狀語”now,atthemoment,atthismoment,atthistime."現(xiàn)在,此刻"thosedays這階段e.g.Theyareplayingbasketballnow.Whichcompanyareyouworkingforatpresent?解析:這組詞意為“現(xiàn)在、此刻",表明動作正在發(fā)生,故用現(xiàn)在進行時Look!Listen!口訣:Look!Listen!來提醒,動作正在進行中。e.g.Listen!Maryissinging.聽!Mary正在唱歌。Look!Heisplayingfootball.瞧!他在踢足球。Bequiet,Bequick;Hurryup.快點e.g.Bequiet!Thebabyissleeping.e.g.Bequick/Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.Bequick.Theyarewaitingforusoutside.總結(jié):以上小的祈使句出現(xiàn),后面可用“現(xiàn)進"或“將來"時態(tài),應(yīng)依據(jù)題意來判斷。五、特殊用法一些介詞短語用于“主+系+表"結(jié)構(gòu)中表進行時e.g.beatwork.在工作beattable在吃飯beatchurch在做禮拜beatschool在上學表示思想,感情,狀態(tài)等的動詞一般不用于進行時,e.g.like,love,hope(希望),wish(但愿),want,know,understand,belongto屬于),think(認為),live,have(有).e.g.IliveinBeijing.Hewantstogoshoppingwithhismother.3.以下動詞如:o,come,leave,start,move,arrive,fly等,表“來來去去”的“趨向性”動詞常用“現(xiàn)進”表“將來”。e.g.Iamcoming.We'releavingtomorrow.第六章數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,常用來修飾名詞第一節(jié)基數(shù)詞一、定義:表示“數(shù)量”的詞叫做基數(shù)詞。我們常說的one,two,three....二、基數(shù)詞的“讀法”及“寫法”口訣:基數(shù)詞很容易,一到十二單獨記十幾拼寫有特點,teen加在幾后面;說到整十也簡單,幾字后面ty安;若要表示幾十幾,幾十加橫再加幾,要問幾百幾十幾,幾百and幾十幾;特殊情況有八個,五個幾十,仨十幾。thirteen,fifteen,eighteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty)見下表:(必背會)1one11eleven20twenty100a/onehundred2two12twelve30thirty1,000athousand3three13thirteen40forty1,000,000amillion4four14fourteen50fifty1,000,000,000abillion5five15fifteen60sixty6six16sixteen70seventy7seven17seventeen80eighty8eight18eighteen90ninety9nine19nineteen10ten分數(shù):3/4---three-fourthshundredsofstudents,2hundredstudentsdozen一打:2dozeneggs(24個雞蛋),dozensofeggs(成打兒的雞蛋)解析:數(shù)字“1—12”:個別記憶。數(shù)字“13—19”:是在個位后面+teen。fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen.但有特殊性:three—thirteenfive—fifteeneight—eighteen數(shù)字“幾十”:是在個位后面+ty。sixty,seventy,ninety但有特殊性:two—twenty,three—thirty,four—forty(去u),five—fifty,eight—eighty,數(shù)字“幾十幾”(21-99):在“十位數(shù)”和“個位數(shù)”之間+連字符“-”構(gòu)成。e.g.24=twenty-four73=seventy-three口訣:幾十加橫再加幾數(shù)字“幾百幾”(101-999):百位hundred之后+and。精品文檔e.g.123onehundredandtwenty-three解析:口訣:幾百and幾十幾數(shù)字“1,000”以上:eg:50,000=fiftythousand(注意:thousand后不用加S)“逢十進一”與“逢千進一”:漢個十百千萬十萬白萬千萬萬萬(億)十億英one,twotenhundredthousand//million//billion英語中“個位數(shù)”以下是“十進制”,“千以上”卻是“逢千進一”,故英語中沒有“萬、十萬、千萬、萬萬”等詞。凡遇較大數(shù)目,每三位加一個分節(jié)號??谠E:從右向左三逗開,一逗千(thousand),二逗百萬(million),三逗就是十萬萬(billion),左右三位分開讀,保你又快又喜歡。e.g.1,532==onethousandfivehundredandthirty-twoe.g.1214000000劃分節(jié)號1,214,000,000第二節(jié)基數(shù)詞用法口訣:具體數(shù)字兩無(-s,of);泛指數(shù)字兩有(+s,of)例如:300名學生threehundredstudents成百上千的學生hundredsofstudents幾百個學生severalhundredstudentsTherearetwostudentsinourschool.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsofAfterthewar,thousandsof(成千上萬)peoplebecamehomeless.inone's+“幾十的復數(shù)”:表示“在某人…歲時”e.g.在我二十幾歲時inmytwentiese.g.HebegantostudyFrenchinhisforties.1)inthe1990s('s):在20(=19+1)世紀90年代(可讀作:intheninetiesofthetwentiethcentury)公元前,公元后:公元前25年,25B.C:twenty—fiveB.C公元后238年,238A.D:twothirty—eightA.D.年代初期(后期):在九十年代初期:(in)theearlynineties.在五十年代末期:(in)thelatefifties.口訣:“數(shù)—單名”做“定”語她是一個4歲的小女孩。Sheisan8-year-oldgirl.=Sheis4yearsold.e.g.兩個月的假atwo-monthholiday==atwomonths'holiday“房間號碼”和“電話號碼”要一個一個分別讀.eg:Room202常用于時刻中分兩種:(順讀法):先“時”后“分”1:10oneten7:20seventwenty整點:1:00It'soneo'clock.倒讀法:先“分”后“時”①等于或小于半點表示法:用…past…6:30=halfpastsix如:1:10寫作:tenpastone7:10寫作:tenpastseven1:20寫作:twentypastone③大于半點時用to如:1:50寫作:tentotwo1:40寫作:twentytotwo15分鐘:aquarterpast45分鐘:aquarterto如:3:45寫作:aquartertofour2:15寫作:aquarterpasttwo分鐘不能被5整除的必加minutes.)如:7:12寫作:twelveminutespastseven特殊:半個小時haveanhour一個半個小時:oneandahalfhours/onehourandahalf兩個半小時:twoandahalfhours/twohoursandahalf一兩天:adayortwooneortwodays7.其它用法:溫度:37°C37degrees百分數(shù):25%twenty一fivepercent小數(shù):0.5zeropointfive倍數(shù):once一倍twice2倍threetimes三倍fourtimes四倍四則運算中:“十”讀作:plus“—”讀作:minus/from/takeaway“x”讀作:times.“一”讀作:dividedby“=”讀作:equal/is5+4=95and4is9.10一4=610minus4is6.6x9=546times9is54.第三節(jié)序數(shù)詞一、定義:表示順序的詞,意為“第……”。二、“基數(shù)詞”變?yōu)椤靶驍?shù)詞”口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾要加th,一二三,特殊記,詞尾分別t,d,d,八減t,九去e,f要把ve替,ty變成tie,遇到幾十、幾百幾,只變個位記心里。解析:①1st=first,2nd=second,3rd=third.②eighth,ninth③fifthtwelfth④thirtieth(5)twenty—first見下表:(必背會)1stfirst11theleventh20thtwentieth2ndsecond12thtwelfth30ththirtieth3rdthird13ththirteenth(同上)4thfourth14thfourteenth21sttwenty-first5thfifth15thfifteenth6thsixth16thsixteenth7thseventh17thseventeenth8theighth18theighteenth9thninth19thnineteenth10thtenth三、“序數(shù)詞”的縮略式:阿拉伯數(shù)字+序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母e.g.first—1stsecond—2ndthird—3rd卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;fourth—4thtwelfth—12thtwenty-first—21st第四節(jié)序數(shù)詞用法一、1.序數(shù)詞前一般情況下要加the。e.g.Johnlivesonfloor.A.fifteenthB.thefifteenthC.fifteen解析:“序數(shù)詞”主要用作“定語”,前面要加“定冠詞”。冠詞口訣:“序數(shù)詞最高級”前加the序數(shù)詞前可加不定冠詞來表示“又一”“再一”的意思。We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.二、強調(diào)“編號”,用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”;強調(diào)“順序”,用“序數(shù)詞+名詞”。即:如果序號在名詞前面則用序數(shù)詞(thefirstlesson),如果序號在名詞后面則改用基數(shù)詞(LessonOne)LessonOne=theFirstLesson口訣:“名”前序,名后“基”e.g.Thereareunitsinthistextbook(教科書).(one)isthemostdifficult.A.ninety,TheninthB.ninety,TheninethC.ninty,NintyD.ninety,Ninth解析:第一個空表數(shù)用基數(shù)詞,第二個空表順序用序數(shù)詞。三、其它用法。表示年,月,日時,年用基數(shù)詞表示,日用序數(shù)詞表示。1949年10月1日讀作:October(the)first,nine-teenforty-nine.分數(shù)表示法:口訣:子基母序,分子大于1,分母加s,1/2表half,1/4表quarter,若是帶分數(shù),就用and連。e.g.3/5threefifths3/4threefourths1/2ahalf/onehalf2/5twofifths.一What's1/9and2/3?一It's.A.five一ninthsB.five一ninthsC.fifth一nine...世紀…年代:18世紀the18thcentury.19世紀60年代thesixtiesofthenineteenthcentury.第七章一般過去時一、定義:過去某一時間發(fā)生的“動作”或存在的“狀態(tài)”。HewasabsentonMonday...(L.67)主、系、表Hetelephonedmefourtimesyesterday.(L.71)主、謂、賓Hetookacakeandateitquickly.(L.74)主、謂、賓第二節(jié)二、句式構(gòu)成:“主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)肯:主語+be(was,were)+表…。否:主語+be(was,were)+not+表…。疑:Was/Were+主+表…?答:肯:Yes,主+was/were.否:No,主+wasn't/weren't.解析:1)be的過去式:am/is一was,are一were.(標出音標)2)wasnot=wasn'twerenot=weren't(標出音標)e.g.肯:Hewasverybusylastnight.否:Hewasn'tverybusylastnight.疑:Washeverybusylastnight?Yes,hewas.No,heweren't.補充Therebe的過去時:Therewas/were+...e.g.Therewasacarraceinourtownlastyear.“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)HestudiedEnglishyesterday.—Hedidn'tstudyEnglishyesterday.—DidhestudyEnglishyesterday?肯:構(gòu)成:主+動詞的過去式+賓+.。否:構(gòu)成:主+didn't+V原+賓…。口訣:did是個“照妖鏡”,后面動詞“現(xiàn)”原形。解析:口訣:助動詞do/does/did后的動詞要求"恢復原形”。一般過去時的助動詞為did.1)無be無情必加“助"。一般過去時的助動詞為do的過去式did.后面加+not.2)在didn't后,原句中動詞由過去式應(yīng)“恢復原形”。(切記)3)didnot=didn't疑:Did+主+V原+賓…?答:肯:Yes,主+did.否:No,主+didn't.HestudiedEnglishyesterday.—DidhestudyEnglishyesterday?Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.特:特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成:特詞+did+主+v.原+其它+?Theywatchedthefilmatthecinemayesterday.(5部分)1)對“主語”提問:Whowatchedthefilmyesterday?Theydid.注意:在簡答中,常用相應(yīng)的助動詞來代替問句中出現(xiàn)過的實義動詞。又如:Whocleanstheblackboardformeeveryday?MissGaodoes.2)對“謂賓”提問:Whatdidtheydoatthecinemayesterday?3)對“賓語”提問:Whatdidtheywatchatthecinemayesterday?4)對“時間狀語”提問:Whendidtheywatchthefilmatthecinema?5)對“地點狀語”提問:Wheredidtheywatchthefilmyesterday?三、動詞變化“規(guī)則動詞”的“過去式"stayed變法:口訣:直、去、雙、變。直:直接+ed:looked,played,visited;passed,joined,planted,needed.去:去e+ed:used,changed,typed,prepared,arrived,phoned,shaved,lived,hoped,moved,closed,improved,saved,smiled,danced,decided,baked;agreed.雙:雙寫尾字母+ed:stopped,planned,dropped,skipped,nodded,slipped;preferred,regretted,traveled.變:輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+ed:studied,emptied,carried,tried,worried,hurried,married.巧記不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞(必背)一、過去式和過去分詞相同。A-B-B型動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思bringbuildburnbuycatchdigbroughtbuiltburnt(burned)boughtcaughtdugbroughtbuiltburnt(burned)boughtcaughtdug帶來建燃燒買抓挖

7.feelfeltfelt感覺8.fightfoughtfought打架9.findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)10.getgotgot得到11.hanghunghung掛(衣)hangedhanged絞死(上吊)12.havehadhad有13.hearheardheard聽到14.holdheldheld握15.keepkeptkept保持16.learnlearnt(learned)learnt(learned)學習17.leaveleftleft離開18.lendlentlent借出19.loselostlost丟失20.makemademade制造21.meanmeantmeant意思是22.meetmetmet遇到23.paypaidpaid付款24.saysaidsaid、、丿■說25.sellsoldsold賣26.sendsentsent送27.shineshone(shined)shone(shined)發(fā)光28.sitsatsat坐29.sleepsleptslept睡30.smellsmelt(smelled)smelt(smelled)嗅31.spendspentspent花費32.standstoodstood站33.sweepsweptswept掃34.teachtaughttaught教35.telltoldtold告訴36.thinkthoughtthought想37.understandunderstoodunderstood理解38.winwonwon贏二、動詞的過去分詞是在動詞原形后面加n或en。動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思39.beatbeatbeaten打40.blowblewblown吹41.drawdrewdrawn畫畫42.drivedrovedriven駕駛43.eatateeaten吃44.fallfellfallen下落45.givegavegiven給46.growgrewgrown生長47.knowknewknown知道48.mistakemistookmistaken弄錯49.rideroderidden乘、騎50.riseroserisen升51.seesawseen看見52.showshowedshown出示,表現(xiàn)53.taketooktaken拿走54.throwthrewthrown拋、擲55.writewrotewritten寫三、原形、過去式和過去分詞相同。A-A-A型動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思56.costcostcost值(多少)錢57.cutcutcut切、割58.hithithit打59.hurthurthurt傷害、傷痛60.letletlet讓61.putputput放62.readreadread讀63.shutshutshut關(guān)四、原形中的i,過去式改為a,過去分詞改為u。動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思64.beginbeganbegun開始65.drinkdrankdrunk飲66.ringrangrung響67.singsangsung唱68.swimswamswum游泳五、動詞的過去分詞是在過去式后加n或en。動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思69.breakbrokebroken打碎70.choosechosechosen選擇71.forgetforgotforgotten忘記72.speakspokespoken講73.wakewokewoken醒六、動詞原形和過去分詞相同。動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思74.becomebecamebecome成為75.comecamecome來76.runranrun跑七、原形、過去式和過去分詞都不同。A-B-C型動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思77.am,iswasbeen日疋78.arewerebeen日疋79.dodiddone做80.flyflewflown飛81.gowentgone去82.lielaylain躺83.wearworeworn穿八、沒有過去分詞的。動詞原形過去式過去分詞意思84.cancould/能85.maymight/可以86.shallshould/將要87.willwould/愿、要、將注意:bring-brought-brought;buy-bought-bought;fight-fought-fought;think-thought-thought而:catch-caught-caught;teach-taught-taught(如里本身動詞中已含有字母a,則變過去式和過去分詞時,也就帶上a)hang的兩種變法區(qū)別:當“掛衣服"講時變hung-hung:因g像掛衣服的鉤;當“上吊”講時,需要向上扔一個繩,故hanged-hanged:d像繩一樣。注意hear與read變過去式(分詞)后的發(fā)音(標出音標)上表應(yīng)讓學生分三次背寫完。四、時間狀語yesterday系列:e.g.thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening...)last系列:e.g.lastweek(month,night...)提示:yesterdayevening與lastnight區(qū)別記憶方法:長長一短短。yesterday,evening兩個單詞均較長,last,night兩個單詞都較短。…ago系列:eg:twoyearsago,threehoursago.in+過去時間點系列:e.g.in2002inthepast(在過去)intheolddays(在舊社會)justnow(剛才)第八章代詞定義:代替名詞以及起名次作用的短語、分句和句子的詞。代詞的分類:人稱代詞,物主代詞,和反身代詞,疑問代詞,指示代詞,和不定代詞。第一節(jié)人稱代詞(一)人稱代詞用法:1、Iloveyou.2、Iamateacher.3、Givemethatbook,4、Givethatbooktome.口訣:我一,你二,他第三,“主格”用在“謂語”前,“賓格”跟在動、介后。(二)不同“人稱”來排列卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精品文檔You,heandIhaveagoodtime.(第二人稱,第三人稱,第一人稱)We.youandtheylikelearningEnglish.(第一人稱,第二人稱,第三人稱)Apolicemanandapolicewomanareoverthere.4Iandyouarewrong.口訣:單數(shù)2,3,1.復數(shù)1,2,3,男女出現(xiàn)男優(yōu)先,承認錯誤“我”在前。(必會表格)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem第二節(jié)物主代詞Thisismyshirt.(Lil)=Thisismine.Ourroomisonthefirstfloor,andtheirsisonthesecond.Thisismyumbrella.(L3)Isthisyourhandbag?(L1)物主代詞分“形容詞性”物主代詞和“名詞性”物主代詞。通過以上例子大家會發(fā)現(xiàn),“形容詞性物主代詞”后面有名詞,而“名詞性物主代詞”后面無名詞,即口訣:有“名”用形容,無“名”必用名。(必會表格)人^稱詞性第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單復單數(shù)復數(shù)形容詞性myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs記憶口訣;形物代變名物代,一mine,二不變,其他S加后面。第三節(jié)反身代詞oneself1.Ialwaysenjoymyself.Hecuthimselfwhenhewasshavingthismorning.Shewastalkingtoherself.大家會發(fā)現(xiàn),當主語與賓語是同一個人稱代詞時,則賓語用“反身”。必會表格:數(shù)'?稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代詞構(gòu)成口訣:說自己用反身,基本形式onesef,第三人稱賓格替,其余開頭用形容,復數(shù)ves替fEg:Ilookatmyselfinthemirror.Theproblemitselfiswrong.精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔常用反身代詞的動詞短語。(必背)1.helpyourself(單"yourselves(復)to...請自便2.enjoyoneself玩得愉快3.teachoneself=learn.byoneself自學4.talktooneself自言自語5.makeyourselfathome.別客氣第四節(jié)疑問代詞疑問代詞在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句,主要用于詢問“何人”“何物”“什么”。疑問代詞代替范圍who誰(主格)人whom誰(賓格)whose誰的which哪一個人、事、物what什么事、物例如:IwenttoLily'shousewithmymotheronthefirstSundayinMay.①②③④WhowenttoLily'shousewithmymotheronthefirstSundayinMay?WhosehousedidyougotowithyourmotheronthefirstSundayinMay?WhomdidyougowithtoLily'shouseonthefirstSundayinMay?WhatdidyoudowithyourmotheronthefirstSundayinMay?WhichSundayofMaydidyougotoLily'shousewithyourmotherinMay?第五節(jié)指示代詞一、分類:this,that,these,those共4個。近指:this單,these復;遠指:that單,those復二、電話用語中,this代表“自己”,that代表“對方”。Hello!ThisisMary.(我是Mary)IsthatJackspeaking?(你是Jack嗎?)三、在比較級中,指代“單數(shù)名詞”/“不可數(shù)名詞”用that,指代“復數(shù)名詞”用thoseoThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofFrance.ThecarsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthosemadeinJapan.第六節(jié)不定代詞some,any,no肯否I'mgoingtobuysomeclothes,fI'mnotgoingtobuyanyclothes.There'ssomeiceinthefridge,fThereisn'tanyorangejuice.WedidsomeexercisesfWedidn'tdoanyexercises.Isthereanyiceinthefridge?Ihaven'tgotanymoney=Ihavegotnomoney(no+名詞=not+any/a+名詞)Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Canyoulendmesomemoney?★some用于肯定句,否定疑問用any,notany等于no,問句中表建議或想得到對方肯定回答時用some2復合不定代詞Everyanynosomeeveryoneanyonenonesomeoneeverybodyanybodynobodysomebodyeverythinganythingnothingsomethingeverywhereanywherenowheresomewhere總結(jié):不定代詞中必會的口訣:卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精品文檔不定代詞做“主語”,謂語要用“單三”形式。Everythingispossible.形容詞、動詞不定式修飾不定代詞要后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?由some/any構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞something/somebody,anything/anybody等用法和some/any一致。many,much用法口訣:可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用many,不可數(shù)名詞用muchTherearemanyappleonthedesk.Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.alittle,little,afew,few可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞表肯定afew(一些)alittle(一點)表否定few(幾乎不/沒有)little(幾乎不/沒有)eg:Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.Thereislittlemilkinthebottle.Thereareafewmistakes.Therearefewmistakes.both,allAllofthemgotothecinema.Bothofmyparentsarehealthy.=Bothmyfatherandmymotherareheathy.共性:謂語v.都用復數(shù)。區(qū)別:all指三者/三者以上人或物,both指“兩者都…”。either,neither,noneEitheryouorIamright.或者你或者我是對的NeitheryounorIamright.你和我都不對Noneofusare/isright.我們都不對共性:either和neither都遵循就近原則,區(qū)別:neither(指兩者中沒有一個,全否定)either(兩者中的任意一個,半否)none做主語時謂語動詞用單復數(shù)均可neither的反義詞是both;none的反義詞是alleach,everyEachofusishere.Everyoneishere.共性:謂語v.都用單數(shù)。區(qū)別:each指兩者/兩者以上,可與of連用;Every指三者/三者以上,不可與of連用。one與it區(qū)別Yourdressisbeautiful.Wheredidyoubuyit?(同名同物)Iwanttobuyanewone.(同名異物)it的用法(1)Whattimeis_jt?時間It'stimetogohome.(2)zWhatdayisit?日期、It'sThursday.(3)距離(3)距離Wecanwalkhome.Itisn'tfar.精細;挑選;卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我卓爾不凡,超越自我精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精細;挑選;精品文檔It'sraining.天氣It'sanicedaytoday.指代不明人或物(敲門,圖片,照片中)__一-----—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It'sme.(6)It的2個句型It'snicetoseeyouagain.It'simpossibletounderstandher.Ifinditdangeroustoswiminthisriver.★It'seasy/difficult/impossible/dangerous/safe/expensive/interesting/nice/wonderfUl/terribletoIt's+adjtodosth形式主語真主主+v.+_it+adj+todosth形賓真賓第九章一般將來時一、定義表示“將來某個時間”將要發(fā)生的“動作或狀態(tài)”。2?譯文:“將要、打算做事”。e.g.I(We)shallcomebacktomorrow.我(我們)明天將回來。You'llbefinesoon.你不久將會好。Heisgoingtosee

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