非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總復(fù)習(xí)名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)市公開(kāi)課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第1頁(yè)找出各句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并指出其詳細(xì)形式1.Don'tteachfishtoswim.不要班門弄斧。1哪些是動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)形式？don'tteach，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定式第2頁(yè)2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.他以前有很好記憶力。

3.Itwouldbeawasteofmoneybuildingsuchaluxuriousvilla.建這么豪華別墅太浪費(fèi)錢。1

had，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式wouldbe，附加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形第3頁(yè)4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光比聲音傳輸速度快得多。5.Whenaskedwhy,pleasejustkeepsilent.當(dāng)問(wèn)到原因時(shí)，就保持緘默。1travels，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式

keep，動(dòng)詞原形第4頁(yè)6.Thepresidentwaswarmlywelcomedbytheresidents.總統(tǒng)受到了居民熱烈歡迎。1

waswelcomed，動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式第5頁(yè)1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式包含主動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下謂語(yǔ)形式和被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下謂語(yǔ)形式以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用各種形式。第6頁(yè)2動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式與過(guò)去分詞以及它們對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)下各種形式叫作動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式。換言之，不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第7頁(yè)三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)分高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing..,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用and連接稱為并列謂語(yǔ)，并列謂語(yǔ)需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式一致性，故B、D皆錯(cuò)；不用and連接時(shí)稱之為狀語(yǔ)，只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，故C錯(cuò)。seized和took是并列謂語(yǔ)，disappearing是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。此題關(guān)鍵是and位置，假如and在disappear前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。AD第8頁(yè)A第9頁(yè)A

第10頁(yè)B

第11頁(yè)Non-PredicateVerbs

（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三類：1.不定式：infinitive2.動(dòng)名詞：gerund3.分詞：participle｛現(xiàn)在分詞：presentparticiple

過(guò)去分詞：pastparticiple｝第12頁(yè)非謂語(yǔ)不定式表未來(lái)和主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞ing:表進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞ed：表完成和被動(dòng)1.在句子中充當(dāng)何成份2.只跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3.什么情況下需用不定式做定語(yǔ)4.不定式省略to情況5.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)6.不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)情況動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞2.動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)區(qū)分3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞情況1.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分1.只跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞跟過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)第13頁(yè)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空必考考點(diǎn)，每年高考最少有1道題。不但如此，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本使用方法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表示文采和提升閱讀了解能力都有顯著作用。首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法功效(在句中充當(dāng)何種成份)：考點(diǎn)解密第14頁(yè)1.不定式：infinitive

FormUsageOmissionof“to”

第15頁(yè)todo(nottodo)普通式（否定）tobedoing進(jìn)行式

主動(dòng)

tohavedone完成式tohavebeendoing完成進(jìn)行式tobedone普通式被動(dòng)tohavebeendone完成式

第16頁(yè)﹡普通式：不定式表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。1.I’mgladtoseeyou.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)2.Theyinvitedustocometoaparty.（不定式動(dòng)作后發(fā)生）3.Thecomputertobeproducedisofanewtype.(被動(dòng))

4.Youmustpromisenevertodothatagain.第17頁(yè)﹡進(jìn)行式：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。1.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeovertheriver.聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們正在這條河上修另一座大橋。2.I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramseem___allthetime.(1997.1)a.togetworseb.tobegettingworse我寧愿看書也不愿意看電視，電視節(jié)目好像越來(lái)越差了。

第18頁(yè)﹡完成式：不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作之前1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper___inbroaddaylightyesterday.(.1)a.robbedb.tohavebeenrobbedc.beingrobbedd.havingbeenrobbed2.Theywerereportedtohavediscoveredanthorancienttombinthisarea.第19頁(yè)﹡完成進(jìn)行式：在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生前，不定式表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行。

1.Theyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.(=Itissaidthattheyhavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.)2.Thestrugglewasknowtohavebeengoingonforovertwentyyears.第20頁(yè)Usage1subject（主語(yǔ)）2predicative（表語(yǔ)）3object（賓語(yǔ)）4attribute（定語(yǔ)）5adverbial（狀語(yǔ)）6complement（補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）第21頁(yè)1.﹡不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)通常轉(zhuǎn)化成“It+is/was+adj./n.+不定式（短語(yǔ)）”,其中it是形式主語(yǔ)(formsubject)，真正主語(yǔ)是后面不定式（短語(yǔ)）。Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoteasy.→It’snoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.第22頁(yè)Ittakessb.＋sometime＋不定式Itcostssb.＋money＋不定式2.＊復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：forsb.todosth.Itis+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.當(dāng)形容詞為表示“性格特征或行為表現(xiàn)”形容詞時(shí)，介詞用of，如kind,wrong,polite,wise…第23頁(yè)＊aspredicativeHerwishistobeateacher.Sheseemstobehappy.第24頁(yè)

＊asobjectHelovedtolistentomusic.IfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently.

第25頁(yè)以下動(dòng)詞要求不定式作賓語(yǔ)：afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,care,choose,decide,desire,demand,determine,help,hope,intend,learn,manage,mean,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,strive,tend,wish,…第26頁(yè)＊特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式介詞+特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式Wheretostayhasnotbeendecidedyet.（S.）Shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.（O.ofv.）Hehadnoideaofhowtodo.（O.ofprep.）疑問(wèn)詞包含how,what,where,when,whether,whom,why等第27頁(yè)Iaskhimwheretogetthisbook.（O.C.）Thequestioniswhichtochoose.（P.）

能一以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：know,see,show,tell,teach,wonder,imagine,understand,explain等第28頁(yè)

＊asattribute不定式通常作后置定語(yǔ)，而且vi.后要加介詞.Thereisalotofworktodo.Heisthebestmantoconsult

with.第29頁(yè)＊asadverbialAadverbialofpurposeBadverbialofcauseCadverbialofresult第30頁(yè)＊asadverbialofpurposeIstartedearly(soas)/(inorder)

togettherebeforedark.soasto和inorderto是不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)形式soas(not)to用在句中inorder(not)to用在句中或句首第31頁(yè)＊asadverbialofcauseWeareproudtobemembersofthisteam.Wejumpedwithjoytohearofthegoodnews.第32頁(yè)＊asadverbialofresultHeistooyoungtogotoschool.Ihurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.Hebehavedsofoolishlyastobelaughedbyhisfriends.Hisstoryisso

sad

astoarouseoursympathy.第33頁(yè)＊ascomplementAobjectcomplementBsubjectcomplement第34頁(yè)＊AsobjectcomplementChinaexpectseveryonetodohisduty.Icouldmakethemunderstandme.第35頁(yè)要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞：

ask,tell,want,expect,invite,allow,forbid,force,oblige,urge,advise,persuade…(sb.todosth.)

要求省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞：make/have/let(sb.dosth.)第36頁(yè)helpsb.todosth.主語(yǔ)不直接參加動(dòng)作helpsb.dosth.主語(yǔ)直接參加動(dòng)作Thiskindofsoapwillhelpustowashtheclothesmoreeasily.Theyalwayshelpmedomyhomework.第37頁(yè)＊AssubjectcomplementWeweremadetopaythemoney.Amanwasseentoenterthehouse.注：主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換第38頁(yè)S.asksb.todosth.→sb.beaskedtodosth.S.makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.S.sawamanenter

thehouse.→Amanwasseentoenter

thehouse.S.sawamanentering

thehouse.→Amanwasseenenteringthehouse.第39頁(yè)﹡omissionof“to”1setphrase2setstructure3sentencewithspecialconjunctionorpreposition4aspredicative第40頁(yè)

﹡setphrase1hadbetter/hadbest(not)do2hadrather/hadsoonerdosth.thandosth.3wouldrather/wouldsoonerdosth.thandosth.第41頁(yè)4

wouldjustassoondosth.asdo…（寧愿…也不愿…）5may/might(just)aswelldo…（還是…好;還不如…;不妨…）6cannotbutdo…(不能不；不得不)第42頁(yè)7cannotchoosebut（只好）8cannothelpbut（不得不）cannothelp+doing9canbut=canonly（只好，充其量不過(guò)）eg第43頁(yè)Iwouldjustassoonstayasgowithhim.Wemayaswellbeginatonce.Youmayaswelltellthetruth.Wemightjustaswellstayathome.第44頁(yè)Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.Icannotbutlaugh.Icannotchoosebutstay.Icannothelpbutgrieve.第45頁(yè)﹡setstructure感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形賓補(bǔ)make/have/let/bid/leave+sb./sth.+do常見(jiàn)感官動(dòng)詞：

see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat,feelperceiveetc.第46頁(yè)Hemadeherdoso.Bidhimgohome.（叫他回家）Wewillhavetheboymailthisletter.Lettherebenomistakeaboutit.（這事可別犯錯(cuò)）Leavehimgo.（放他走）Lookatthathorsejump.Iheardthemtalkaboutthatfilm.第47頁(yè)＊連詞(than,as)或介詞(except,but,besides,save)前有do某種形式省to;反之則不省Ididnomorethanmakeabeginning.Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.第48頁(yè)Ididnothingbut/exceptrepairthefarm-tools.Mydogdoeseverythingexceptspeak.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?第49頁(yè)＊作表語(yǔ)不定式:若主語(yǔ)中有do某種形式，可省to也可不省.AllIdidwas(to)hithimonthehead.Theonlythingwecandois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.Theonlythingtodois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.WhatI’lldois(to)tellherthetruth.第50頁(yè)回顧第51頁(yè)不定式利用口訣本事最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。

樣樣成份都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。

大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，

作主賓時(shí)用“it”,

自己在后把身藏。

六個(gè)感官三使役，

賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開(kāi)；

疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；

邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前for/of

sb.

to前not是否定，

各種使用方法區(qū)分開(kāi)。第52頁(yè)不定式句法功效，除了謂語(yǔ)外，不定式能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)句子任何成份。

Tosee

is

tobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))

Tosavetime

istolengthenlife.(不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))

Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.

要活到老學(xué)到老。(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)) Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevenings.她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開(kāi)。(不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))

To/Inordertodoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具得用對(duì)。(不定式短語(yǔ)作目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)) Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.(不定式短語(yǔ)作目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)) Ididn'texpectyoutoarrivesoearly. 我沒(méi)想到你來(lái)得那么早。(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))第53頁(yè)不定式省略① 兩個(gè)并列不定式由and或or連接時(shí)，省略后面不定式中to。如： Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome. I'mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay. 特例：Tobeornottobe，thatisaquestion. Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示對(duì)比)② 句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but，except，besides等后面不帶to。即“前有do，后省to”。如： Hedidn'tdoanythingbutcomplain.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut,couldnotbut,couldnothelpbut后面不帶to,它們意思都是“只好，只有”,如：

Hecouldnotbutwalkhome./It’sraininghard,Icannothelpbutstayathome./Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.第54頁(yè)

不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

Itisbraveofyoutodothat.Itiseasyforyoutodothat.

當(dāng)以下表示人物特征形容詞同of后名詞或代詞關(guān)系親密，有意義上主表關(guān)系時(shí)，常與of搭配。brave,careful,careless,clever,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,wrong,rude,stupid,silly,wise,thoughtful,etc

Itwasverykindofyoutocometohelpme.=Youwereverykindtocometohelpme.以下表示事物性質(zhì)形容詞同for后名詞或代詞關(guān)系不親密，沒(méi)有意義上主表關(guān)系，但與句中不定式結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系親密，有意義上主表關(guān)系，常與for搭配。easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,important,difficult,etc.

It’shardforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.=Forhimtogetridofhisbadhabitsishard.第55頁(yè)不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)情況1.不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞組成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句中另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。I’llgiveyouabooktoread.Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.2.be+adj.+todoThequestionisnoteasytoanswer.第56頁(yè)3.不定式與疑問(wèn)代詞連用時(shí)Schooluniformsarenotcoolenough,sostudentsdon’tknowwhattoexpect.4.一些動(dòng)詞不定式與be連用時(shí)betoblame,betoseek,betoletThehouseistolet.第57頁(yè)5.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式皆可。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.假如不定式有邏輯主語(yǔ)，只用主動(dòng)式。Thereisnothingformetodotoday.第58頁(yè)2.GerundFormUsageTestingStructure第59頁(yè)Forms:v-ing(主動(dòng))普通式nov-ing/notdoing否定式havingdone主動(dòng)完成式beingdone被動(dòng)普通式havingbeendone被動(dòng)完成式one’sdoing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)第60頁(yè)Usage1subject2predicative3object4attribute第61頁(yè)①asS.Thereisnodenyingthis.It’snouse/nogood/uselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.②asP.Hishobbyiscollectingancientgoldcoins.第62頁(yè)③asO.Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.Sheisveryfondofdancing.Doyoufindstayinghereinteresting?→Doyoufinditinterestingstayinghere?第63頁(yè)④asAttr.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明人或物性能or用途現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表明動(dòng)作進(jìn)行，是主謂關(guān)系sleepingpillsasleepingchild第64頁(yè)TestingStructure:①否定式nov-ing/notv-ing②復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):one’sv-ing名詞全部格或物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞名詞通格或代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞（非正式文體或口語(yǔ)中）第65頁(yè)It’snousebuyingbooksbutnotreadingthem.His/Himgoingtherewon’thelpmuch.John’s/Johncomingherewillgetusoutoftrouble.Idon’trememberhis/himgivingmebackthatdictionary.IheardofMissMary’s/Marycomingback.第66頁(yè)有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：

anticipate,involve,remember,forget,forgive,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,regret,avoid,consider,discuss,deny,

encourage,finish,like,love,resist,delay,admit，risk,

第67頁(yè)resume,suggest,advise,allow,permit,dislike,favor,fancy,

endure,enjoy,escape,excuse,leaveoff,overlook,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,putoff,prevent,prohibit,quit,recommend,第68頁(yè)require,resent,recall,tolerate,appreciate,stop,…approachtodoing,bebusydoing,objecttodoing,feellikedoing,can’thelpdoing,preferdoingAtodoingB,…第69頁(yè)回顧第70頁(yè)動(dòng)名詞含有動(dòng)詞和名詞特點(diǎn)，有普通式和完成式，有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式之分，在句中能夠作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一樣也是由動(dòng)詞+ing組成，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。否定形式也是not+動(dòng)名詞，有四種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，使用時(shí)注意以下內(nèi)容即可。時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)普通teachingbeingtaught完成havingtaughthavingbeentaught第71頁(yè)巧記跟動(dòng)名詞口訣：

防止錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期，

提議完成多練習(xí)，

喜歡想象禁不住，認(rèn)可否定與妒忌，

逃脫冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒，忍受保持不在意。

avoid,miss,delay;

suggest,finish,practice;

enjoy,imagine,resist(can’t

help);

admit,deny

envy;

escape,risk,pardon;

stand,

keep,mind第72頁(yè)3.ParticipleFormUsageTestingStructure第73頁(yè)☆PresentParticiplev-ing(主動(dòng))普通式notv-ing否定式havingdone主動(dòng)完成式beingdone被動(dòng)普通式havingbeendone被動(dòng)完成式第74頁(yè)☆PastParticiple

v-ed(被動(dòng))普通式notv-ed否定式第75頁(yè)Usage1Predicative2Attribute3Adverbial4Complement第76頁(yè)◎aspredicativeMypencilwasbroken.

(過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)→主語(yǔ)狀態(tài))Herspeechwasquitestirring.

(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)→主語(yǔ)性質(zhì))第77頁(yè)◎asattributeAlostopportunityneverreturns.Thewomansittingatthedeskishissecretary.Thematerialusediscement.注:分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成定語(yǔ)從句第78頁(yè)◎asadverbialIstoodwatchingher,notknowingwhattodo.Hewasreliable,judgedbyordinarystandards.第79頁(yè)※分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致.①Seeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.②Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.第80頁(yè)☆A(yù)dverbialoftime

①Seeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.②Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.第81頁(yè)☆A(yù)dverbialofcause①Beingill,hestayedathome.②Convincedoftheaccuracyofthedata,Istucktomyopinion.第82頁(yè)☆A(yù)dverbialofcondition①Workinghard,you’llsucceed.②United,westand;divided,wefall.第83頁(yè)☆

Adverbialofconcession①Workingveryhard,hedidnotfeelalittletired.②Though

beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.(連詞though→加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)第84頁(yè)☆

Adverbialofresult①Aletterhasjustcome,relievingherfromanxiety.②Newmachineswereinstalled,thus/thereby

resultinginan

increaseinproduction.(thus/thereby→加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)

第85頁(yè)☆

Adverbialofmanner①Travelingbycar,thestudentsvisitedmanyplaces.②ArmedwithMarxism-Leninism,thePartysolvedtheproblemsoneafteranother.第86頁(yè)☆A(yù)dverbialofaccompaniment①Theteacher,followedbysomestudents,wentintotheclassroom.②Theystayedathomeallday,givingthehouseathoroughcleaning.第87頁(yè)◎ascomplementaO.C.IamsorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.(謂語(yǔ)v.多為使役v.和感官v.)bS.C.Shewasseengoingupstairs.Theworkwaslefthalfdone.第88頁(yè)TestingStructure1ParticipleasAdverbial2AbsoluteStructure

第89頁(yè)⊙現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分:Pleasefillinthisform,givingyourname,address,etc.Hestoodthere,surroundedbyhisthreedaughters.普通來(lái)說(shuō)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意思;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意思.第90頁(yè)⊙分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)1普通式：分詞表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.=Asshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.第91頁(yè)2完成式：分詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作之前Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.=Afterwehadcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.第92頁(yè)⊙分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):

分詞短語(yǔ)前加連詞(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)Becarefulwhen

crossingthestreet.Though

beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.第93頁(yè)☆

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞作狀語(yǔ)一個(gè)特殊形式:

分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，是普通式還是完成式，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。不然，分詞前必需有自己主語(yǔ)，即用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。第94頁(yè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：﹡獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一樣，它獨(dú)立存在。﹡獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)普通有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。①Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.②Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.with獨(dú)立主格:Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen．Withyoutoleadus,ourgroupissuretosucceed．第95頁(yè)2have之后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞havesb.dosth.

叫某人做某事havesth.done使某事被(他人)做havesb.done使某人被他人做某事havesb.doingsth.聽(tīng)任某人做某事第96頁(yè)I’llhavehimdoit.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.Yououghttohaveherexaminedbythedoctor.Iwon’thaveyousayingthat.第97頁(yè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)分不定式:含有n.adj.adv.特征，在句中擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)外任何成份；動(dòng)名詞:含有n.特征，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；分詞:含有adj.adv.特征,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)；第98頁(yè)difference動(dòng)名詞—名詞；習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作不定式—未來(lái)；一次性動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在分詞:動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；表主動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞:動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；表被動(dòng)第99頁(yè)1.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分不定式：出乎意料結(jié)果Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.現(xiàn)在分詞：往往與主句有因果關(guān)系Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.第100頁(yè)2.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞情況當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命之物時(shí)Snowbegantomelt.2.begin和start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)HeisbeginningtostudyEnglish.3.begin和start后面動(dòng)詞是表示心理狀態(tài)詞（know,understand,believe,wonder等）Ibegantobelievehisstory.第101頁(yè)分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞選定依據(jù)分詞與被其修飾名詞關(guān)系而定。假如名詞是分詞動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；假如名詞是分詞動(dòng)作承受者，用過(guò)去分詞。分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則要看分詞與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系。假如句子主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；假如主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作承受者，用過(guò)去分詞。(1)Seenfromthemountain，thecitylooksbeautiful.(2)Seeingfromthemountain，wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.現(xiàn)在分詞跟過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)3.關(guān)于分詞選定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第102頁(yè)現(xiàn)在分詞完成式普通不作定語(yǔ)，若要表示完成意義最好用定語(yǔ)從句。Thegirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.2.done,tobedone,beingdone作定語(yǔ)區(qū)分注意第103頁(yè)Themeetingbeingheld

nowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.第104頁(yè)熟讀深思with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(1)With_the_children_following_him(因?yàn)楹⒆痈?,hehadtogobacktothepark.(2)Withtheworkfinished,hecouldgohome.(3)Withtheweathersohot,theywentintohavearest.(4)Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withabookinherhand(＝abookinherhand＝bookinhand)．(5)Thestudentsstoodinlinewiththenationalflagbeingraised.第105頁(yè)歸納總結(jié)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既可看作介詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中作定語(yǔ)；也可看作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，常在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。它由“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”組成，其中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間必須有邏輯一致關(guān)系。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：With＋賓語(yǔ)＋adv./prep.如：(4)。adj.如：(3)。doing(主動(dòng)，同時(shí))/beingdone(正在被)，如：(1)、(5)。done(被動(dòng)或完成)，如：(2)。todo(與賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作)第106頁(yè)另外，在確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式，用todo還是用tobedone時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來(lái)確定。那么，怎樣找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成份相關(guān)，詳見(jiàn)下表：充當(dāng)句子成份賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)句子主語(yǔ)所修飾詞句子賓語(yǔ)第107頁(yè)1． 【誤】Wedon'tallowtosmokeinthelecturehall. 【正】Wedon'tallowsmokinginthelecturehall. 【正】Wedon'tallowpeopletosmokeinthelecturehall.

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。allowdoingsth.;allowsb.todo sth.2． 【誤】Shewasthefirstpersonthinkingoftheidea. 【正】Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.

【解析】當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞所修飾名詞帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)。反面解讀第108頁(yè)3． 【誤】Thequestionbeingdiscussedattomorrow'smeetingisaveryimportantone. 【正】Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisaveryimportantone.

【解析】beingdiscussed表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而依據(jù)attomorrow'smeeting可判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生在未來(lái)，故用tobediscussed表示。4． 【誤】Thisboywasseencomelatethismorning. 【正】Thisboywasseentocomelatethismorning.

【解析】see，watch等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后不定式普通需要帶to。第109頁(yè)5． I'vebeenlookingforwardtohearfromyou. 【答案】hear改為hearing。

【解析】短語(yǔ)lookforwardto中，to為介詞，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。6． Headmittedtohavestolenthecar. 【答案】tohave改為having。

【解析】admit后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。7． Thisisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus. 【答案】This改為It。

【解析】作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式，只能用it。第110頁(yè)8．Theflowersneedbeingwatered. 【答案】beingwatered改為watering或者tobewatered。

【解析】need,want,require等動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式或接不定式被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“……需要被……”。9．現(xiàn)在分詞完成式通常不作定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。(1) 【誤】Icouldseethehousehavingbeenbeautifullydecorated. 【正】Icouldseethehousebeautifullydecorated.第111頁(yè)(2) 【誤】Thebookhavingbeenwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday. 【正】Thebookwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.10．作狀語(yǔ)分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞則與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1) 【誤】Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued. 【正】Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.(Havingfound＝After/Whentheyhadfound)第112頁(yè)(2) 【誤】Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful. 【正】Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.(Seen＝Whenthecityisseen)11．非謂語(yǔ)否定式中，not必須放在非謂語(yǔ)最前面。(1) 【誤】Havingnotfinishedhishomework,hedidn'twanttogotobed. 【正】Nothavingfinishedhishomework,hedidn'twanttogotobed.(2) 【誤】Motherwarnsustonotplayinthestreet. 【正】Motherwarnsusnottoplayinthestreet.第113頁(yè)回顧第114頁(yè)過(guò)去分詞v-ed不定式to+v動(dòng)詞v-ing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表未來(lái)，主動(dòng)。表進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)表完成，被動(dòng)不定式被動(dòng)式在表示被動(dòng)同時(shí)還兼表示未來(lái)。現(xiàn)在分詞完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有顯著先后時(shí)間關(guān)系完成。現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式在表示被動(dòng)同時(shí)還將表示進(jìn)行。第115頁(yè)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞分詞不定式√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√第116頁(yè)第117頁(yè)第118頁(yè)第119頁(yè)第120頁(yè)第121頁(yè)第122頁(yè)6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.解析不定式：出乎意料結(jié)果現(xiàn)在分詞：往往與主句有因果關(guān)系第123頁(yè)第124頁(yè)第125頁(yè)第126頁(yè)第127頁(yè)第128頁(yè)第129頁(yè)考點(diǎn)擊破第130頁(yè)一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1._____________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全國(guó))2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(遼寧)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow___________(smoke)here.(江蘇)

Walking

arguing

seated

smoking

第131頁(yè)5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陜西)6.Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_____________(repair).(陜西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)acceptingtostopworkingtoberepairedliving第132頁(yè)9.______(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.10.Isentyou100dollarstodaywiththerest_____________(follow)nextweek.11._______(lose)inthemountainsforweeks,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.12._______(put)intouseinApril,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.DressedtofollowLostPut第133頁(yè)1. ________ofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.A．Convinced B．ConvincingC．ToconvinceD．Havingconvinced【解析】A動(dòng)詞convince表示“使……確信”；beconvincedofsth.“確信……，相信”；此處用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。也可說(shuō)，此處convincedofthetruthofthereports是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。2______inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.Havinglost

C.LostD.Tolose實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練C.Lost第134頁(yè)3．—Becareful!Don'tforgetyouareonaladder. —Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing____________.A．worryabout B．toworryaboutC．isworriedabout D．worryingabout【解析】B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！靶⌒狞c(diǎn)。別忘了你在梯子上?！薄安贿^(guò)你扶著呢，沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心。”nothing與不定式短語(yǔ)toworryabout連用，組成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明性狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Butyouareholdingitforme,sothereisnothingtoworryabout/soIhavenothingtoworryabout.其中toworryabout作后置定語(yǔ)。第135頁(yè)4． Helookedatme,withanexpression________thathefeltevenmorepuzzled. A．indicate B．indicates C．indicating D．indicated

【解析】Cwithanexpressionindicating…為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中anexpression為邏輯主語(yǔ)，indicate與這個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)之間有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。第136頁(yè)5．Heclaimed________inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday. A．beingbadlytreated B．treatingbadly C．tobetreatedbadly D．tohavebeenbadlytreated

【答案】D專題七

│實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練第137頁(yè)6． —Whyarethestudentsworkingsohardthesedays? —________readyforthecomingentranceexamination. A．Toget B．Get C．Getting D．Got

【解析】A本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。聯(lián)絡(luò)語(yǔ)境可知，這些日子學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)是為即將到來(lái)考試做準(zhǔn)備，動(dòng)詞不定式作目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)。故A項(xiàng)正確。第138頁(yè)7． Ifwaterbecomesincreasinglyscarceindecades________，watershortagewillbecomeahotissueallovertheworld.A．coming B．havingcomeC．tocome D．tobecoming【解析】C本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用不定式表示將要到來(lái)。句意為：假如在未來(lái)幾十年水資源變得稀少，那么水資源缺乏將會(huì)成為全球比較熱門一個(gè)話題。8．Thepartywasasuccess，butwethoughtitapitynot________you.A．toinvite B．tobeinvitingC．tohaveinvited D．tobeinvited【答案】C第139頁(yè)9．HearingtheWorldWinterUniversityGames________open，allthepeopleintheHarbinSportsCenterGymburstintocheers.A．declare B．declaredC．declaring D．tobedeclared【解析】B