CCNA (640-802)教學(xué)培訓(xùn)課件：9-VLAN Trunk

---VLANTrunkCCNA(640-802)

多個(gè)交換機(jī)上的VLAN應(yīng)用FastEthernet工程VLAN市場VLAN會計(jì)VLAN1樓2樓3樓交換機(jī)之間的VLAN通信3－1VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3如何實(shí)現(xiàn)交換機(jī)之間的VLAN通信？每個(gè)VLAN一條鏈路？如果有100個(gè)VLAN怎么辦呢？交換機(jī)之間的VLAN通信3－2VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3如何實(shí)現(xiàn)交換機(jī)之間的VLAN通信？只使用一條鏈路，那么來自多個(gè)VLAN的數(shù)據(jù)如何標(biāo)識？交換機(jī)之間的VLAN通信3－3例如：三個(gè)分別來自1、2、3班級的學(xué)生，到另一個(gè)學(xué)校去，分別要參觀1、2、3班的上課情況，對方的學(xué)校怎么識別他們分別應(yīng)該去哪個(gè)班級？出發(fā)前加個(gè)標(biāo)識，再把標(biāo)識的方法告訴對方?、佗冖踁LAN標(biāo)識交換機(jī)給每個(gè)去往其他交換機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)幀打上VLAN標(biāo)識VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3中繼鏈路（Trunk）接入鏈路（Access）VLAN1標(biāo)記VLAN3標(biāo)記VLAN標(biāo)識的種類以太網(wǎng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)中繼可用兩種封裝類型ISL（Cisco私有協(xié)議）IEEE802.1QIEEE802.1Q的工作原理和幀格式2－1中繼鏈路接入鏈路802.1Q標(biāo)記4字節(jié)IEEE802.1Q的工作原理和幀格式2－2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)幀TPIDPriorityCFIVLAN

IDTCI12bit，可標(biāo)識的VLANID為4096個(gè)DataDASATypeCRCDataDASATypeCRCTag帶有IEEE802.1Q標(biāo)記的以太網(wǎng)幀CiscoISL工作原理和幀格式3－1中繼鏈路VLAN2接入鏈路ISL頭26字節(jié)CRC4字節(jié)CiscoISL工作原理和幀格式3－2DASA以太類型/長度數(shù)據(jù)CRC26字節(jié)ISL頭4字節(jié)ISL尾CiscoISL工作原理和幀格式3－340位4位4位48位16位24位24位DATYPEUSERSALENSNAP/LLCHSA15位1位16位16位可變長度32位VLANIDBPDUINDEX保留被封裝的幀CRCISL和802.1Q的異同相同點(diǎn)都是顯式標(biāo)記，即幀被顯式標(biāo)記了VLAN的信息不同點(diǎn)IEEE802.1Q是公有的標(biāo)記方式，ISL是Cisco私有的ISL采用外部標(biāo)記的方法，802.1Q采用內(nèi)部標(biāo)記的方法ISL標(biāo)記的長度為30字節(jié)，802.1Q標(biāo)記的長度為4字節(jié)中繼的幾種模式和協(xié)商2－1VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3模式為Access動態(tài)：可以成為Trunk動態(tài)：希望成為Trunk模式為Trunk中繼的幾種模式和協(xié)商2－2模式模式說明開啟（on）將端口設(shè)置為永久中繼模式關(guān)閉（off）將端口設(shè)置為永久非中繼模式企望（desirable）讓端口主動試圖將鏈路轉(zhuǎn)變成中繼端口自動（auto）使該端口愿意將鏈路變成中繼鏈路配置接口為Trunk模式Switch(config)#interfaceinterface-idSwitch(config-if)#switchportmode?

accessSettrunkingmodetoACCESSunconditionallydynamicSettrunkingmodetodynamicallynegotiateaccessortrunkmodetrunkSettrunkingmodetoTRUNKunconditionallySwitch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk接口為接入模式接口為動態(tài)協(xié)商模式接口為中繼模式配置接口為動態(tài)協(xié)商模式Switch(config-if)#switchportmodedynamic?autoSettrunkingmodedynamicnegotiationparametertoAUTOdesirableSettrunkingmodedynamicnegotiationparametertoDESIRABLE自動企望查看接口模式Switch#showinterfaceinterface-idswitchportName:Fax/xSwitchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:dynamicdesirableOperationalMode:downAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:ALLPruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001CaptureModeDisabledCaptureVLANsAllowed:ALL接口模式缺省為dynamicdesirable封裝類型為802.1q配置VLANTrunk實(shí)例VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3Port1－3Port4－10Port11－23Port24Port24SW1配置VLANTrunk4－1第一步：在交換機(jī)上添加VLANSW1#vlandatabaseSW1(vlan)#vlan2VLAN2added:Name:VLAN0002SW1(vlan)#vlan3VLAN3added:Name:VLAN0003SW1(vlan)#exitAPPLYcompleted.Exiting....配置VLANTrunk

4－2第二步：將接口添加到相應(yīng)的VLAN中SW1#configterminalSW1(config)#interfacerangef0/4-10SW1(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan2SW1(config)#interfacerangef0/11-23SW1(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan3配置VLANTrunk

4－3第三步：配置交換機(jī)之間互聯(lián)的端口為TrunkSW1(config)#interfacef0/24SW1(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk配置VLANTrunk

4－4VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3Port1－3Port4－10Port11－23Port24Port24Port1Port2－10Port11-23SW2請學(xué)員完成配置查看端口狀態(tài)SW1#showinterfacef0/24switchportName:Fa0/24Switchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:trunkOperationalMode:trunkAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qOperationalTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:ALLPruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001CaptureModeDisabledCaptureVLANsAllowed:ALL接口模式配置為Trunk接口工作模式為TrunkTrunk協(xié)議類型為802.1qTrunk可以承載所有的VLAN從Trunk中添加、刪除Vlan去除VLAN

Switch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanremove

vlan-list添加VLANSwitch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanadd

vlan-list

檢查中繼端口允許VLAN的列表Switch#showinterfaceinterface-idswitchport從Trunk中刪除Vlan配置實(shí)例SW1(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanremove2SW1(config-if)#endSW1#showinterfacef0/24switchportName:Fa0/24Switchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:trunkOperationalMode:trunkAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qOperationalTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:1,3-1005PruningVLANsEnabled:2-