自制定語從句課件

高中英語語法專題：

定語從句Learningaims學習目標1.什么是定語？哪些可以作定語？2.什么是定語從句？什么是先行詞？什么是關系詞？定語從句有哪些關系詞？關系詞的作用是什么？定語從句的位置？定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分。哪些可做定語：名詞、名詞所有格、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、分詞或分詞短語、動詞不定式、介詞短語、定語從句等定語從句定義：

在復合句（兩個或兩個以上的句子）中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。先行詞：是定語從句所修飾的詞。關系詞：定語從句的引導詞

關系代詞，包括that,which,who(m),whose關系詞

關系副詞，包括when,where,why

關系詞作用：一、連接定語從句二、代替先行詞在句中充當某個成分。Eg:Thegirl

whowearsredclothesismysister.其中先行詞關系代詞定語從句注意：這句話可拆成兩個句子，但為了使句子更連貫合在一起成了定語從句。Thegirlwearsredclothes。Thegirlismysister。（主句）注意：翻譯時應該把定語從句翻譯在先行詞之前?！啊摹弊g：那個穿紅衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。Thegirlwhoisraisingherhandismysister.Heisthepolicemanwhotoldmethewayyesterday.Ilikethemanwhoisthinkingnow.Ilosttheglassesthat/whichIboughtinBeijing.分析下列定語從句1.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam。

先行詞students關系詞：who定語從句：whodon’tstudyhard

2、ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher。3、TomistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.4、Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor?6.Misssmithistheteacher_______housecaughtfirelastweek.7.Theyplantedthetrees_______don’tneedmuchwater.whoseWhich/that4.Thecupismine,tombrokethecup.Thecupwhich/that//brokeismine.5.Iknowtheboy.Theboy’sparentsareteachers.Iknowtheboywhoseparentsareteachers.6.Doyouknowthegirl?Thegirl’smotherworkshere.Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherworkshere.我們知道that和who都能用作主語,賓語，都指人；that和which都能用作主語和賓語，都指物，但是以下情況只能用that1先行詞既有指人又有指物.2當先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時。3先行詞被有theonly,thevery(恰好，剛好），thejust（恰好，剛好）,thelast,no,little,few,any等修飾時.4先行詞是all,much,few,little,any,one,everything,anything,nothing,

thing(s),little,none,等不定代詞時。5主句是以who/which/what開頭的特殊疑問句時6當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitwas.Fillinthegaps:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthat/不填that/不填thatthatthat(二).只能用who的情況

當先行詞為one、ones、anyone、those修飾人和therebe句型中。Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished.

Thereisateacherwhowantstoseeyou.（三）、只能用which不能用that的情況:①引導非限制性定語從句修飾某物，或整個句子時.a.Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.b.Hecamelateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.②關系代詞whom、which在從句中作介詞的賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在從句和先行詞之間。Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.Thisisthehouseinwhichyoulive.Thisisthehouse________youlivein.Which/that限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往與逗號分開。并且不用that。關系副詞(在從句中只作狀語，不作主賓）When時間狀語Where地點壯語Why原因狀語1、IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2、Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear.3、Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.▲▲注意：其中關系副詞=介詞+which。用什么介詞看先行詞1、onwhich2、inwhich3、forwhich“介詞＋關系代詞”即“介詞＋whom/which”引導定語從句應注意：1介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A.與先行詞的搭配關系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhich選講1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.

2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?theoneThisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.

for4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.

ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.歸納：1定語從句要避免成分重復

2定語從句要避免漏用先行詞

3含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開選講Corrections:1.Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher.

who2.Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim.

3.Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.(wherewhich)4.ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused.(whichthat)5.Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge.(wherewhich/that)6.Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake.

4.表所有關系及整體中的一部分或全部時，用介詞of,有時可用whose轉換。1)Thereare100teachersinourschool,__________60arewomenteachers.2)Hehasthreechildren,two___________workasteachers.3)Thattablehasfourlegs,all_____________areveryshort.4)I’mpaintingahouse,theroof_____________isround.I’mpaintingahousewhoseroofis...5)Theyliveinahouse,_________windowsfacesouth.Theyliveinahouse,thewindows______________facesouth.ofwhomofwhomofwhichofwhichwhoseofwhich用介詞＋關系代詞填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom___________windowhecouldclimbdown.2.He’stheman____________Ilearntthenews.3.Who’sthecomrade____________youjustshookhands.4.Thereare52studentsinourclass,___________nearly40areLeaguemembers.5.Iknowaladythehusband____________isaNobelPrizewinner.6.Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident____________amanwaskilled.7.Thisistheway__________shestudiesEnglish.throughwhosefromwhomwithwhomofwhomofwhominwhichinwhich8.The5yuan_____________heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend.9.ThestoryaboutShakespeare,_________thisisoneexample,iswellwritten.10.Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses__________________hecan’tseeanything.11.Thekey_________shewasopeningthedoorbroke.12.Thelibrary___________weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.13.Nooneknowthereason_____________sheisleavingsoearly.14.Atlasttheycametoariver_____________anewbridgeisbeingbuilt.forwhichofwhichwithoutwhichwithwhichtowhichforwhichoverwhich關系代詞引導的定語從句：Completethefollowingsentences:1.Isthistheschool_____________youvisitedlastyear?Isthisschool___________youvisitedlastyear?2.Heisoneofthestudentswho_____goodatmaths.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____goodatmaths.3.Thegirl_____Ithinkwashonestliedtome.Thegirl______Ithinktobehonestliedtome.4.Chinaisnolonger_______shewas10yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountry______shewas10yearsago.(that/which)theoneareiswhowhomwhatthat5.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom____________youboughtlastmonth.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom______youboughtlastmonth.6.Doyoustillrememberthe