英國文學(xué)史-名詞解釋

英國文學(xué)史-名詞解釋英國文學(xué)史-名詞解釋英國文學(xué)史-名詞解釋xxx公司英國文學(xué)史-名詞解釋文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度名詞解釋HeroicCouplet:acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.Renaissance:arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.Sonnet:14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Blankverse:poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.Neoclassicism:theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.Sentimentalism:itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.Romanticism:imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.LakePoets:theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.ByronicHeroes:avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.Realism:seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.Aestheticism:anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.Stream-of-Consciousness:itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.DramaticMonologue:akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.IambicPentameter:apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.Epic:alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Elegy:apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.Canto:asectionofalongpoem.ThecantoscanbeagreatpoemOde:acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.SpenserianStanza:anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.MetricalPattern:alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.文學(xué)史中古時期Beowulf《貝奧武甫》:thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatementsSirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和綠衣騎士》GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里喬叟）：theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)文藝復(fù)興時期ThomasMore:Utopia《烏托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.FrancisBacon:thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《隨筆集》-OfStudies,OfTruth(philosophicalandliteraryworks)ThusWyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.EdmundSpenser:Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet18(ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday)17世紀英國文學(xué)JohnDonne:theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《分離：莫憂傷》JohnMilton:ParadiseLost《失樂園》（arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《復(fù)樂園》（howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBibleJohnBunyan:thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路歷程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)18世紀英國文學(xué)Novel：theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)DanielDefoe:representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《魯濱遜漂流記》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)JonathanSwift:Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游記》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)HenryFielding:theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《湯姆瓊斯》，satiricPoetry：ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓園挽歌》AlexanderPope:perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《論批評》WilliamBlake:pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》，SongsofExperience《經(jīng)驗之歌》-London,TheTigerRobertBurns:ARedRedRose《一朵紅紅的玫瑰》Drama:RichardBrinsleySheridan:MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造謠學(xué)?！防寺髁x時期1798-1832WilliamWordsworth:theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》；IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》；TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麥女》；features:poetofnatureandhumanheartSamuelTaylorColeridge:thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子詠》GeorgeGordonByron:vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰爾德哈羅爾德游記》(spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty);DonJuan《唐璜》(abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife);WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依別》；SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》；TheIslesofGreece《哀希臘》PercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWind《西風(fēng)頌》-贊頌西風(fēng)，希望與其緊密相連;PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普羅米修斯》(thevictoryforman'sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression)JohnKeats:sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;OdetoaNightingale《夜鶯頌》；OdeonaGrecianUrn《希臘古甕頌》WalterScott:FatherofHistoricalNovel;combinehistoricalfactandromanticimaginationJaneAusten:wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;PrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》(ElizabethandDarcy)；SenseandSensibility《理智與情感》；Emma《愛瑪》CharlesLamb:PoorRelations《窮親戚》;Dream-children《童年夢幻》;AReverie《幻想曲》維多利亞時期summit：realisticnovelCharlesDickens:criticalrealistwriter;humour,wit,happyendings;ATaleofTwoCities《雙城記》(London&Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution);DavidCopperfield《大衛(wèi)科波菲爾》；OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》；HardTime《艱難時世》；GreatExpectations《遠大前程》；DombeyandSon《董貝父子》；PickwickPapers《匹克威克外傳》WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair《名利場》(tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth)GeorgeEliot:novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;AdamBede《亞當比德》(socialinequality)；TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；SilasMarner《織工馬南》AlfredTennyson:succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;Break,Break,Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》；CrossingtheBar《過沙洲》RobertBrowning:dramaticmonologues;MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》TheBronteSisters:Charlotte:JaneEyre《簡愛》：簡·愛是一個心地純潔、善于思考的女性，她生活在社會底層，受盡磨難。但她有倔強的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛情，具有強烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。其最為成功之處在于塑造了一個敢于反抗，敢于爭取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。Emily:WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》：描寫吉卜賽棄兒希斯克利夫被山莊老主人收養(yǎng)后，因受辱和戀愛不遂，外出致富，回來后對與其女友凱瑟琳結(jié)婚的地主林頓及其子女進行報復(fù)的故事。Anne:AgnesGray《安格尼斯