高一語法專題三 名詞性從句

高一語法專題三名詞性從句高一語法專題三名詞性從句高一語法專題三名詞性從句V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高一語法專題三名詞性從句日期：20xx年X月高三語法專題名詞性從句主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。一：名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1;連接詞:that,if,whether.只起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分．其中that不翻譯出來，沒有任何含義；而if和whether翻譯成”是否”。Eg:Thatthishashappenedisnotuncertain.Wecannotbesurewhether/ifourdreamswillcometrue.2:連接代詞：who,,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever.在句中要充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語．Iwonderwhatyouarethinkingabout.Canyouimaginewhatwillhappennext?Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.３；連接副詞：where,when,how,why,howsoon,howoften,howlong,howmuch.在句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的狀語．Whenhewillholdthemeetinghasbeendecided.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.二：名詞性從句的分類與引導(dǎo)詞一）：主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語，引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,why等。Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.注：1.主語從句的主謂一致1).主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain2).由who,whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoheisdoesn’tconcernme.3).What引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater2.有時為了平衡句式，常用it做形式主語，而把從句放在后面．Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.Itisbelievedthatheisatalent二）.賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,why等。賓語從句一般放在動詞，形容詞或介詞后。Shehastoldus(that)shewillgiveusahand.HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmynewclassmates.I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.Iwasinterestedinwhathewasdoing.注：1.有時要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.Youmaydependonitthattheyarevaluable.2.如doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在居首。Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?Whendoyoubelievehewillheldthemeeting3.I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?

4.that引導(dǎo)，通常that可以省略（但that引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時不可省略）Shehastoldus(that)shewillgiveusahand.三）.表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語，引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,because等。表語從句一般放在系動詞后。ThereasonisthatI’vebeentoobusythesedays.Thatiswherehespenthischildhood.Thecoatiswhereyouleftit.三）.同位語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有，that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等.常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,informationsuggestion,possibility等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewewillspendourholidays.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.2.有時用namely（即），thatistosay（也就是說），thatis（那就是）等引出同位語或同位語從句。ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.三：名詞性從句的難點和考點語序問題。名詞性從句要用陳述語序ThephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslikeYoucanhardlyimaginehowexcitedhewaswhenheheardthenews2：引導(dǎo)詞that和what的區(qū)別What在從句中要充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，這時what相當(dāng)于allthat/everythingthat等常譯作“所…..的（東西，事情，話等）”。而that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，that引導(dǎo)主語從句放在居首時不能省略。WhatIcan’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.Thattheearthisroundisknowntousall.引導(dǎo)詞if和whether的區(qū)別if和whether引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時可以通用，但介詞后的賓語從句，主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)。Idon’tcareif/whetherhewillcometomyparty.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Thequestioniswhetherwecancollectenoughmoney.引導(dǎo)詞Who和whoever的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whoever相當(dāng)于anyonewho或thosewho它既是從句的主語又是主句的主語。而who只做從句的主語，它引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語。Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Whowillbeelectedthepresidentdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencetome.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個完整的句子，所以其前面的名詞在同位語從句中不作任何成分；而定語從句對它前面的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常做主語，賓語或表語等成分。ThenewsthatMr.BrownwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.I’venoideathatKatehasbeentoshanghaiThebook(that)IboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.Whoever與nomatterwho，whatever與nomatterwhat的區(qū)別。Whoeverwhatever即可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而Nomatterwhat和Nomatterwho只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)youmaythink,I’mgoingaheadwithmyplans.Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youcan’tpasstheway.Takewhateveryouneedandleavemealone.Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.名詞性從句中的語氣。1)表示“建議，命令，請求，要求”意義的動詞后接that從句時，從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形表虛擬，且should可以省略。Advise/recommend/order/propose/suggest/insist/demand/require/request(that)sb.(should)do…Bob’sdoctorsuggeststhathe(should)restforafewdays.Isuggestedthatheseeadoctor.Heinsistedthatwearrivetherebefore7o’clock.2)在Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential…+thatsb.(should)do…Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.名詞性從句的時態(tài)名詞性從句一般要遵循時態(tài)一致原則,但虛擬語氣例外；即主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句用現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)；主句用過去時，從句也用過去的某種時態(tài)。Hesaidthathedidn’twanttoknow.Iwonderwhathashappenedtoher.名詞性從句中考查虛擬語氣1.考查主語從句中虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式這類形式的虛擬語氣通常表示建議、命令、要求、希望、驚訝等語氣。(1)“Itisnecessary(important/natural/strange/surprising)that...”句型中,從句的謂語動詞通常使用(should)+動詞原形,例如:Itisnecessarythathe(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他有必要被立刻送往醫(yī)院。Itisstrangethatshe(should)marrysuchapoorman.她竟然嫁給這樣一個窮光蛋,真是太奇怪了。(2)Itissuggested(desired/decided/ordered/requested/proposed)that...,例如:Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextSaturday.會議決定推遲到下周六舉行。2.考查賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在某些表示“建議、要求、命令”的動詞后的賓語從句中,使用(should)+動詞原形。常見的這類動詞有:一個堅持(insist);兩個命令(order、command);三項要求(demand、require、request);四條建議(advise、suggest、propose、recommend)等。(2)動詞wish后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞有三種形式:對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,用過去時;對過去的虛擬,用過去完成時;對將來的虛擬,用would/should+動詞原形。3.考查表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示“建議、計劃、命令”的名詞(如advice、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等)后的同位語從句和表語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should)+動詞原形。例如:Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.他建議我們到北京旅游觀光,我們都同意了。Myadviceisthathe(should)exercisefirst.我的建議是他應(yīng)該先做練習(xí)。熱點3在其他固定句式中考查虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣用于“Itis(high)time(that)...”句型中,that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)或should+動詞原形,should不能省略,意為“(現(xiàn)在)該到了……的時候了”。例如:It'shightimethathewent/shouldgotobed.到了他該上床睡覺的時候了。2.虛擬語氣用于wouldrather后的從句中,表達(dá)一種愿望或建議時,用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r,用過去完成式表示過去的情況。例如:IwouldratheryouwentnextSunday.我情愿你下周日走。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我真希望你沒做那件事。3.虛擬語氣用于asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中,對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,用過去時;對過去的虛擬,用過去完成時。例如:Thetwonew-comerstalkedasiftheyhadknowneachotherforag