英語中考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練

.名詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練1.形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練5.動詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練!2.代詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練26.冠詞、數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練28.介詞、連詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練33.賓語從句考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練39.定語從句考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練42.狀語語從句考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練46.主謂一致考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練50.短語動詞和句型考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練54.交際用語考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練63.單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練69.完型填空考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練75.閱讀理解考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練85.短文填空考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練99.補(bǔ)全對話考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練100.書面表達(dá)考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練100.英語句子的考點(diǎn)集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練1081.名詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法.近義名詞的辨析【名師點(diǎn)睛】ー、名詞的數(shù)1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù):可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成,其主要變法如下:(1)一般情況在詞尾加一S,例如:book-*books?girl-*girls,boy-*boys?pen—pens,doctorfdoctors,boy->boys(2)以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞加一es,例如:bus-*buses,class-*classes,box-*boxes,watch-*watches,brush-*brushes(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,例如:orange-oranges〇(4)以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加一es,例如：city-*cities,factory-factories,country-countries,familyffamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days(5)以〇結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s.例如:zoo—zoos,radio—radios,還有某些外來詞也只加一s,例如:photo—photos,piano—pianos(6)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變f為v再加一es,例如：knife—knives,leaf—leaves,half—halves復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法如下表所示.復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法詞[h]等清輔音?后ーmaps,cats,desks,cakes,[z],sh,ch,es等元音后noses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces[b],[d],[g [r]等濁輔音后dogs,cities,knives(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:man-men,woman-women,toothTeeth,foot->feet,child—>children,mouse—>mice【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和一women.例如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；man,woman等作定語時,它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,如:menworkers,womenteachers〇有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,例如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的時,可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。(8單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。(9)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。例如:ten-minutes'walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk(10)還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses(11)只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:科學(xué)名詞:physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱:bowls專有名詞:theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名詞:news,falls2.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法:在英語中,不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下兩種方法:(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.（2）用apieceof這類定語,例如:apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時,在容器后加復(fù)數(shù),例如:twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可數(shù)名詞也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格:名詞所有格,用來表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',例如:astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes..如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加’s,如：Children'sDayo.在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用,s,例如:atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth0.無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),例如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers.雙重所有格,例如:afriendofmyfather's【注意】如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有’s,則表示“分別有”,例如:John'sandMary'srooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個名詞并列,只有一個‘s,則表示“共有”,例如:JohnandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）【實(shí)例解析】Thesehavesavedmanychildren'slives.A.womandoctors B.womendoctorC.womendoctors D.womandoctor答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne'sandJane'sC.Anne*sandJaneD.AnneandJane*s答案:Do該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時,只在后面的名詞后加’s?！狝rethereanyonthefarm?—Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep答案：Do該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷,主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,ororange?—Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea答案:Co該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空—Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?-Tvebeento.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry'shomeD.Henry'sInEngland,ifisinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinnerYoulookedforittwice,butyouhaven'tfoundit.Whynottry.A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once?一Theyarethirsty.W川youpleasegivethem?一一Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwatersMikehurtoneofhisintheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.earThereissomeontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pearsInEngland,thelastnameisthe.A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullnameThearegoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.GermansThehastwo.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watchThelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teethsWhat'syourforbeinglateagain?A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news—It'sdangeroushere.We'dbettergooutquickly.--ButIthinkweshouldletgooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren一一YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“"onthedoorofhisshop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUPD.NOSMOKINGAretheygoingtohaveapicnicon?A.Children'sDayB.Childrens'sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDayWherearethestudents?Aretheyin?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋,寫出所缺單詞。We'vegotalotofnew（雜志）inourschoollibrary.Pleaseturntoanother（頻道）,Idon'tlikethisshow.Yesterdaythe（航班）toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite （季節(jié)）—Howmany（小刀）doyouhave?—Three.arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.June1stis（兒童）Day.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew（地址）sothatIcanwritetoyou.-Doesthispieceof（音樂）soundnice?—Yes.Itswonderful!May12thistheInternational（護(hù)士）Day.Letssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork.三.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。?"What'syournTMLiLei."Howmanyddoesyourunclehave?Pleaseclosethew.It'scoldoutside.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp.Acomputerisoneofthegreatestiintheworld.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhispduringtheSpringFestival.Attheaofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.It'sonlyaboutanhflightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.Healthismoreimportanttomethanm.Becareful!It'sdtorunacrossthestreetnow.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.C11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B二.1.magazines2.Channel3.flight4.season5.knives6.Computers7.Children's8.address9.music10.Nurses'三.2.nunciation5.inventions6.parents7.age8.hour's9.money10.dangerous2.形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】.形容詞的用法;.副詞的用法;.形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最髙級的用法;.形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】.形容詞的用法（1）形容詞在句中作定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.（作定語）Thefishwentbad.（作表語）Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.（作賓語ネト足語）（2）形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞時,形容詞放在名詞后面。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.（3）用and或or連接的兩個形容詞作定語時?般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)ー步解釋的作用。Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.（4）the+形容詞表示?類人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor..副詞的用法（1）副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。Hestudiesveryhard.（作狀語）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定語）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表語）副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類:1）時間副詞時間副詞通常用來表示動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有:nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如:Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2）地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有:here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如:Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3）方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?’’這類問題的,其中絕大部分都是由?個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有:anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如:Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4）程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有:much,（a）little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。如:Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5）疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有:how,when,where,why等。例如:Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?（2）副詞在句中的位置1）多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。如果動詞帶有賓語,則放在賓語之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2）頻度副詞作狀語時,通常放在行為動詞之前,情態(tài)動詞,助動詞和be動詞之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I'veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3）程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面,但enough作副詞用時,通常放在被修飾詞的后面。Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn'tworkhardenough.4）副詞作定語時,?般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.⑶部分常用副詞的用法very,much這兩個副詞都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級,而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如:SheisaverynicegirlI'mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修飾動詞,而very則不能。例如:Idon'tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.too,either這兩個副詞都表示“也'但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven'treadthebookandmybrotherhasn'teither.already,yetalready一般用于語肯定句,yet?般用于否定句。例如:Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn'tansweredyet.so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句,但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。例如:MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn'tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(1)兩個人或事物的比較時(不一定每一方只有一個人或ー個事物),用比較級。Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.⑵most同形容詞連用而不用the,表示”極,很,非常,十分”。It'smostdangeroustobehere. 在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。(3)”The+形容詞比較級…,the+形容詞比較級…”表示"越…就越…”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.(4)”形容詞比較級+and+形容詞比較級",表示”越來越…”。Ifsgettinghotterandhotter.(5)主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.the+形容詞表示某種人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【實(shí)例解析】.一一Whichis,thesun,themoonortheearth?-Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest答案:Do該題考査的是形容詞的比較等級的用法。因?yàn)槭翘?地球和月亮三者進(jìn)行比較,選用形容詞的最高級,而且最高級之前要加定冠詞the。所以選D。.Hehasmadeprogressthistermthanbefore.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.much答案Bo該題考查的是形容詞比較等級的用法。因?yàn)槭乾F(xiàn)在和過去進(jìn)行比較,所以要用比較級,又因?yàn)槭切揎棽豢蓴?shù)名詞,只能用less,而不能用fewer。.—Whatdeliciouscakes! —Theywouldtaste withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse答案:Bo該題考的是形容詞的比較等級。答話人的意思應(yīng)是“如果加上點(diǎn)黃油,這些蛋糕會更好吃?！陀?種比較:加黃油和不加黃油。既然是比較,就要用比較級。因?yàn)檫@里講的是好吃和更好吃,所以C,D要舍去，而選better。4.BobneverdoeshishomeworkMaiy.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas答案:Bo該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。因?yàn)樵撛~修飾的是動作“做家庭作業(yè)’’,所以要用副詞。又因?yàn)楸硎疽环讲蝗缌硪环揭镁湫汀皀otas+副詞原級+as”,所以只能選B=一.單項(xiàng)填空.Therearemanyyoungtreesonsidesoftheroad.A.everyB.eachC.bothD.all.It'ssocoldtoday.一一Yes,it'sthanitwasyesterday.A.morecoldB.morecolderC.muchcolderD.cold.LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.moreB.alittleC.manyD.few4.Sheisn'tsoatmathsasyouare.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best.Peterwritesofthethree.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.well.Heisenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongerB.muchstrongerC.strongD.thestrongestboughtexercise-bookswithmoney.A.afew;afewB.afew;alittleC.alittle;afewD.alittle;alittleTheboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.too;toB.to;tooC.so;thatD.no;toTheiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.h'sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wideWuLinranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.tooJonelooksso todaybecauseshehasgotan"A"inhermathstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrilyThesmileonmyfather'sfaceshowedthathewaswithme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?—Certainly,wecanbuyonethanthis,butthis.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas—Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!—Thethebetter.I'mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensiveIfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitasaspossible.A.oftenB.longC.hardD.soonPaulhasfriendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.moreEnglishpeopleuseMr.Beforeaman'sfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes-OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.—Right.Thegovernmentspokethat.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof—Rememberthis,children.carefulyouare,mistakesyouwillmake.—Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;thelesshavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething二.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday.(Fortunate),therewasnomoneyinit.Mobilephonesare(wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.Heputonhiscoatandwentout(quick).Sheis(good)thanLiPingatswimming.AlotChinesepeopleare(pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA.Tooursurprise,hesuddenlyreturnedonacold(snow)night.Allieaskedme(polite)toputthethingsaway.It'ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive(careftil).Theearthweliveonis(big)thanthemoon.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It'sthesecond (large)islandinChina.三,用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞填空(首字母已給出)Alargenumberofmouthsmustbefedinthoselessdcountries.ThateveningBeethovenplayedthemusicforthegirlaswellasu.Hawaiiisfitsbeautifulbeaches.Heoftentakesanapartinthesportsmeetingandhecangetverygoodresultseachtime.Theperformancewassow thateveryonegavealongandloudapplause(或掌).JiefangRoadisthebstreetinourcity.Shelayaforhoursthinkingoverherbusiness.1likeballgamesverymuch,butmyfsportisplayingbasketball.Theboyistoo1.Hedoesn'twanttodoanything.Thedictionaryisveryu.Itwillhelpyoualot.【練習(xí)答案】ー.1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.B8.A9.C10.Bll.A12.B13.C14.B15.A16.C17.A18.D19.C20.B一?1.Fud6.snowy7.politely8.carefully9.bigger10.largest二.1.developed2.usual3.famous4.active5.wonderful6.busiest'7.awake8.favourite9.lazy10.useful3.動詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】!動詞的ハ種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法2被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法3非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及用法4近義動詞的用法區(qū)別【名師點(diǎn)睛】1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài),其中常用的有8種,它們是:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用時間狀語:every..,sometimes,at...,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2）客觀真理，客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3）表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。Idon'twantsomuch.5）某些動詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等,在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.6）在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.一般過去時的用法:表示過去某ー時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1）過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,也可用usedto或would加動詞原形來表達(dá),例如:IusedtogofishingonSundays.“usedto”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:Hew川gotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3）表示將來的意愿,決心,許諾,命令等時常用will,征求對方意見,主語是第一人稱時,常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?be+going+動詞不定式。也是ー種將來時句型,表示打算,計(jì)劃,最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.be+動詞不定式。表示有職責(zé),義務(wù),可能,約定,意圖等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.beabout+動詞不定式,表示馬上,很快作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作,它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作,而不管動作從什么時間開始,到什么時間結(jié)束。Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示目前?段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進(jìn)行）。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3）某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作,這些動詞有arrive,come,leave,start等。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)①表示狀態(tài)的動詞,尤其是靜態(tài)動詞,如:be,have②表示認(rèn)識、知覺和情感的動詞,如:know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer（5）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前己經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。Wehavelivedheresince1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響;一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了,不涉及現(xiàn)在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過去進(jìn)行時的用法表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如:IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情,但過去進(jìn)行時側(cè)重表示過去某ー時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實(shí)，例如:Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時的用法過去完成時表示過去某ー時刻或某ー動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時常和by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.（8）過去將來時的用法過去將來時表從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.2.動詞的語態(tài):語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。（1）被動語態(tài)1）被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是:be+及物動詞過去分詞2）被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞ー定要是及物動詞因?yàn)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z是動作的承受者,某些短語動詞如!ookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。3）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“t。”的情況:若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,該不定式前要加"t要。此類動詞為感官動詞,如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如:Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom（bytheteacher）.4）主動形式表示被動意義如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如：Thefoodtastesgood.3.非謂語動詞對非謂語動詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法;ー些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to:有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語,但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。（1）非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.（3）不定式作目的狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如:see,hear,look,notice,observe,fee!等，使役動詞如:have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing表示動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實(shí)）Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)劇‘我見他正干活"這個動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況:使役動詞如:let,have,make等和感官動詞如:see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動名詞與不定式意義不同stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。（未做）forgetdoing忘記做過某事。 （已做）remembertodo記得去做某事 （未做）rememberdoing記得做過某事 （已做）trytodo 努力，企圖做某事。trydoing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。goontodo做了一件事后,接著做另一件事。goondoing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。meantodo打算、想meandoing意味著容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法。1)say表示講話,作為及物動詞使用,后跟賓語或賓語從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表示“講話”，一?般作為不及物動詞使用,而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talk表示“談話”,是不及物動詞,與to,about,with等連用,オ可以接賓語。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tel!表示“告訴,講述”是及物動詞,可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.look,see,watch和watch的用法。look強(qiáng)調(diào)‘看”這個動作,是不及物動詞,常與at連用,然后接賓語。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?see指“看見”某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan*tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?watch指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.read指“看書”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)別。borrow意思為“借入”,常常與from連用,是非延續(xù)性動詞,表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意,常常與to連用,同borrowー樣,是非延續(xù)性動詞,只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思,動作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.bring,take,carry和get的用法。bring意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”,把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思,指隨身攜帶,有背著、扛著、抱著、提著之含,不表明來去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?wear,puton和dress的區(qū)另リwear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等,強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞,有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時,它的賓語是人,不是衣服。dresssb.(給某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿著”用時,也是及物動詞,但它的賓語是物,不是人,即wearsth.(穿著衣物)。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.take,spend和use的用法。take指做某事用多少時間,句型是:Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.spend指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時間或錢。句型是:Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(7)reach,get和arrive的區(qū)別。reach是及物動詞,后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及動詞,常與to連用,再接名詞,后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時,不用to,getto常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物動詞,表示到達(dá)ー個小地方時,用arriveat,到達(dá)ー個大地方時用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.【實(shí)例解析】I'minterestedinanimals,soIeverySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend答案:Do該題考查的是pay,get,takespend這四個動詞的用法區(qū)別。在這四個動詞中,只有spend常用于“spend...dingsth.”的句型里,所以選D。-ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom.—ItbeHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.mayD.should答案:A。該題考查的是情態(tài)動詞的用法。表示否定地推測通常用can't?！狪calledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,IamsorryIdinneratmyfriend'shouse.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad答案:Co該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。他們談?wù)摰氖亲蛱焱砩夏畅`時刻發(fā)生的事情,所以用過去進(jìn)行時?！狧owlonghaveyouthemoteobike?—Forabouttwoweeks.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent答案:Bo該題考查的是延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法區(qū)別。這四個動詞中只有had是延續(xù)性動詞,它的現(xiàn)在完成時可以同表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。【中考演練】一.單項(xiàng)填空Listen!SomeofthegirlsaboutHarryPotter.Let'sjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talkedOurteacher,MissChen,Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaughtdon'tthinkIyouinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.seeSusan'sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can'tCoffeeisready.Howniceit!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels“Mr.Zhu,you'dbettertoomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight/'saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat"Don'talwaysmakeMichaelthisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear/'Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.didSorry,Ican*thearyouclearly.WillyoupleaseyourE-mailaddress?I'llwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeatDon'tyourcoat,Tom!It'seasytocatchcoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeoutYougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;mayTmsorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleftIboughtanewdictionaryanditme30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.cost—Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?—youyourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finishedIhavetogonow.Pleaseremembertothelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnonAtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive16.Look!Howheavytherainis!You'dbetter.A.don'tgonowB.stayherewhenitstopsC.notleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonce17.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedoneCottonniceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels—Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?—John.A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is—Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?—No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadn'tsheC.didsheD.didn'tshe二.閱讀短文,并用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。AMynameisWangBing.I'mfromChina.NowI 1(study)atthisschool.I2 (arrive)hereonJanuary8.Sincethen,I3(make)alotoffriends.AtschoolwespeakEnglishallthetime.Nextweek,somenewstudentsfromAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica4(come)toourschool.I'mverygladtoknowthisbecauseIenjoy5(meet)peoplefromothercountries.1.study/amstudying2.arrived3.havemade4.willcome5.meetingBSince1946,oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.Ithasbeenchangingallourlives.Thefirstcomputer1 (build)in1946.It2(be)aslargeasaroomandverydifficultandslow3(use).Butsincetheinventionofsilicon“chip”(硅片),computers4 (become)smaller,easierandfastertooperate.Somecomputers5(be)assmallasTVsets.Somecaneven6 (make)smallerthanabook.Andcomputers7(get)smallerandsmallerallthetime.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrow8(be)like?There9 (be)severalreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,alotofinformationcan10(put)intocomputer.Second,thecomputerworksveryquickly—thousandsoftimesfasterthanamananditwillnotbetired.Third,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,carsandplanes.Sotodaypeoplecanspendlesstimedoingmoreworkwithacomputer.三.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersout(ride)thewaves.一Whatdoyouusethekeyfor?一)tis(use)formakingtherobotwork.Nonews(be)goodnews.TmsureJaneisstillallright.—Areyoufeelingbetterthesedays?—Yes,muchbetter.Iaswellasthesedaysforalongtime.It(rain)heavily,you'dbetternotgooutnow.ThecityofXian(become)cleanerandcleaner.Theboysenjoy(see)fightfilmsve