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《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookTwo)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietya1TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Unit3AmericanBeginnings

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

U2QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1馬丁·路德2哥倫布3清教徒4五月花公約5波士頓傾茶事件QuizGivetheEnglishandabri3FocalPointsThediscoveryoftheAmericasTheThreeforcesthatledtothedevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishpermanentsettlementsinNorthAmericaThefourcolonialpatternsinNorthAmerica-Jamestown,Virginia-PuritanNewEngland-CatholicMaryland-QuakerPennsylvaniaTheAmericanRevolutionFocalPointsThediscoveryoft4ThisUnitIsDividedintoFourSectionsTheDiscoveryoftheAmericasII.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaIII.TheFourColonialPatternsinNorthAmericaIV.TheAmericanRevolutionThisUnitIsDividedintoFour5I.TheDiscoveryoftheAmericas

Thefirstlong-continuingimmigrationmovementtotheAmericasfromAsiabeganprobably25000yearsago,andSiberiantribescrossedovertheBeringStraittoAlaska,mistakenlycalledIndians(ThesecondimmigrationmovementfromEuropebeganwiththeexpansionofEuropefromthe16thcentury)I.TheDiscoveryoftheAmeric6ChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotIn1492ChristopherColumbus,sailingfromSpain,landedononeoftheBahamasIslandsintheCaribbeanSeaand“discovered”theNewWorld.In1497JohnCabotarrivedintoday’sCanada;TheEnglishkingclaimedthatNorthAmericabelongedtoEngland.ChristopherColumbusandJohn7ChristopherColumbus(left)andJohnCabot(right)ChristopherColumbus(left)an8II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmerica

A.Thedevelopmentofcapitalisminthe16thand17thcenturiesandgrowthofthebourgeoisieandworkingclassII.TheThreeForcesthatLed9II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaB.TheRenaissance(fromthemid14thtotheendofthe16thcenturyGod-centeredworldchallenged;authorityoftheBiblechallenged;changingoutlookonlife;theburstofcreativityinthefinearts;flourishingintheliterarysphere;expansionofscientificandphilosophicalhorizonsII.TheThreeForcesthatLed10RenaissanceLeonardodaVinciNicolausCopernicusRenaissanceLeonardodaVinciNi11II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaC.TheReligiousReformation(orProtestantReformation)MartinLutherandJohnCalvinTheybelievedthatsinfulmencouldonlywinsalvationbyfaithinJesusChrist;TheybelievedthatBiblewastheonlytrueguidetothewillofGod;TheychallengedtheauthorityofthePopeandtheCatholicChurch;TheybelievedinestablishingadirectcontactwithGodII.TheThreeForcesthatLed12TheReligiousReformationMartinLutherChurchsellingindulgencesTheReligiousReformationMarti13III.TheFourColonialPatternsinNorthAmerica:

TheFirstColonialPattern--JamestowninVirginiaThefirstEnglishpermanentsettlementwasfoundedin1607inJamestown,Virginia(Left).TheabovepictureshowsthefortofJamestown.III.TheFourColonialPattern14TwoeventsthattookplaceinJamestownthatwouldinfluencetheshapingofAmericancultureTheHouseofBurgessesThestartofenslavementTwoeventsthattookplacein15SlaveTradeAnadvertisementforaslaveauctionAslaveshipSlaveTradeAnadvertisementfo16TheSecondColonialPattern—PuritanNewEnglandPuritanismGodincomprehensibletoman;thepowerofGodbeingall-knowing;somepeopleasGod’selectandthesuccessofone’sworkortheprosperityinhiscallingasthesignofbeingGod’select;theBibleastheauthorityoftheirdoctrineTheSecondColonialPattern—Pu17PersecutionofPuritansinEnglandandfleeingtoHollandTheshipMayflowerTheMayflowerCompactPersecutionofPuritansinEng18PuritanLegaciesThenotionofbuilding“acityuponhill”—anidealcommunity,aworthymodelforothernations;Individualism;Hardwork;RespectofeducationPuritanLegaciesThenotionof19SettlementinPlymouthSettlementwasfoundedatPlymouth,Massachusettsin1620SettlementinPlymouthSettlem20TheThirdColonialPattern—CatholicMarylandThecolonyfoundedbyLordBaltimore(right)inMarylandin1632;Baltimore’sexperimenttoestablishafeudalsysteminthecolony;FailureofhisfeudalplanTheThirdColonialPattern—Cat21TheFourthColonialPattern—QuakerPennsylvania

In1681WilliamPenn(right)usedthedebttheEnglishkingowedtohisfathertoobtainagrantfromthekingtosetupacolonyinNorthAmerica.TheFourthColonialPattern—Qu22QuakerismQuakersbelievedinGodthroughtheirfaithwithoutthehelpofchurchandpriests.Theybuiltnochurchandtrainednopriest.TheycommunicateddirectlywithGod.Theylivedasimplelifeandworkedhard.Theyrefusedallformsofwarandfollowedapassiveresistance.QuakerismQuakersbelievedin23QuakersQuakers24

QuakerPennsylvania—theHolyExperiment

Religiousfreedomforallsettlers;Easyforpeopletogetland;Encouragingthespiritofequality;AttractingGermans,French,IrishandEnglishsettlersandpracticingtheideaofthemelting-pot;Electingarepresentativeassembly;GreatimpactonAmericanculture

QuakerPennsylvania—theHoly25IV.TheAmericanRevolutionBytheearly1760s,the13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericahaddevelopedasimilarAmericanpatterninpolitics,economyandculturallife—readytobreakawayfromtheOldWorld.Britain’svictoryoverFranceintheSevenYears’War(FrenchandIndianWar)ledtoaconflictwithitsAmericancolonies-newtaxes-QuarteringAct-“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”IV.TheAmericanRevolutionBy26

TheBostonTeaPartyin1773

TheBostonTeaPartyin1773

27TheFirstContinentalCongress

TheFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaonSeptember5,1774-tourgeAmericanstodisobeytheEnglish“IntolerableActs”-toboycottBritishtradeTheFirstContinentalCongress28TheFirstContinentalCongressinPhiladelphiaTheFirstContinentalCongress29TheAmericanWarofIndependenceThefirstshotofthewarwasfiredin1775inasmalltownConcordnearBoston.ThustheAmericanWarofIndependencebegan.TheAmericanWarofIndependen30TheAmericanRevolutionIn1775theSecondContinentalCongressmettotakeonthefunctionsofanationalGovernment;itfoundedaContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashington.TheAmericanRevolutionIn177531TheAmericanRevolutionTheDeclarationofindependencewasdraftedbyThomasJefferson(right),assistedbyJohnAdamsandBenjaminFranklin.ItwasadoptedbytheSecondContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776,officiallyproclaimingtheindependenceofthe13NorthAmericancolonies.TheAmericanRevolutionTheDec32TheSigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal;thattheywereendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights;thatamongthese,arelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.”—TheDeclarationofIndependenceTheSigningoftheDeclaration33QuestionsforDiscussionA.HowwastheNewWorldrelatedwithand,atthesametime,differentfromtheOldWorld?B.WhatculturalheritagedidtheEnglishpermanentsettlementsleaveforthefutureofAmerica?C.WhydidtheCatholicMarylandcolonialpatternfailwhiletheotherpatternsthrived?

D.WhatwerethecausesoftheAmericanWarofIndependence?QuestionsforDiscussionA.34TheEnd高等教育出版社2015TheEnd高等教育出版社35《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookTwo)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietya36TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Unit3AmericanBeginnings

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

U37QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1馬丁·路德2哥倫布3清教徒4五月花公約5波士頓傾茶事件QuizGivetheEnglishandabri38FocalPointsThediscoveryoftheAmericasTheThreeforcesthatledtothedevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishpermanentsettlementsinNorthAmericaThefourcolonialpatternsinNorthAmerica-Jamestown,Virginia-PuritanNewEngland-CatholicMaryland-QuakerPennsylvaniaTheAmericanRevolutionFocalPointsThediscoveryoft39ThisUnitIsDividedintoFourSectionsTheDiscoveryoftheAmericasII.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaIII.TheFourColonialPatternsinNorthAmericaIV.TheAmericanRevolutionThisUnitIsDividedintoFour40I.TheDiscoveryoftheAmericas

Thefirstlong-continuingimmigrationmovementtotheAmericasfromAsiabeganprobably25000yearsago,andSiberiantribescrossedovertheBeringStraittoAlaska,mistakenlycalledIndians(ThesecondimmigrationmovementfromEuropebeganwiththeexpansionofEuropefromthe16thcentury)I.TheDiscoveryoftheAmeric41ChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotIn1492ChristopherColumbus,sailingfromSpain,landedononeoftheBahamasIslandsintheCaribbeanSeaand“discovered”theNewWorld.In1497JohnCabotarrivedintoday’sCanada;TheEnglishkingclaimedthatNorthAmericabelongedtoEngland.ChristopherColumbusandJohn42ChristopherColumbus(left)andJohnCabot(right)ChristopherColumbus(left)an43II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmerica

A.Thedevelopmentofcapitalisminthe16thand17thcenturiesandgrowthofthebourgeoisieandworkingclassII.TheThreeForcesthatLed44II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaB.TheRenaissance(fromthemid14thtotheendofthe16thcenturyGod-centeredworldchallenged;authorityoftheBiblechallenged;changingoutlookonlife;theburstofcreativityinthefinearts;flourishingintheliterarysphere;expansionofscientificandphilosophicalhorizonsII.TheThreeForcesthatLed45RenaissanceLeonardodaVinciNicolausCopernicusRenaissanceLeonardodaVinciNi46II.TheThreeForcesthatLedtotheDevelopmentofEuropeandtheEnglishPermanentSettlementsofEuropeansinNorthAmericaC.TheReligiousReformation(orProtestantReformation)MartinLutherandJohnCalvinTheybelievedthatsinfulmencouldonlywinsalvationbyfaithinJesusChrist;TheybelievedthatBiblewastheonlytrueguidetothewillofGod;TheychallengedtheauthorityofthePopeandtheCatholicChurch;TheybelievedinestablishingadirectcontactwithGodII.TheThreeForcesthatLed47TheReligiousReformationMartinLutherChurchsellingindulgencesTheReligiousReformationMarti48III.TheFourColonialPatternsinNorthAmerica:

TheFirstColonialPattern--JamestowninVirginiaThefirstEnglishpermanentsettlementwasfoundedin1607inJamestown,Virginia(Left).TheabovepictureshowsthefortofJamestown.III.TheFourColonialPattern49TwoeventsthattookplaceinJamestownthatwouldinfluencetheshapingofAmericancultureTheHouseofBurgessesThestartofenslavementTwoeventsthattookplacein50SlaveTradeAnadvertisementforaslaveauctionAslaveshipSlaveTradeAnadvertisementfo51TheSecondColonialPattern—PuritanNewEnglandPuritanismGodincomprehensibletoman;thepowerofGodbeingall-knowing;somepeopleasGod’selectandthesuccessofone’sworkortheprosperityinhiscallingasthesignofbeingGod’select;theBibleastheauthorityoftheirdoctrineTheSecondColonialPattern—Pu52PersecutionofPuritansinEnglandandfleeingtoHollandTheshipMayflowerTheMayflowerCompactPersecutionofPuritansinEng53PuritanLegaciesThenotionofbuilding“acityuponhill”—anidealcommunity,aworthymodelforothernations;Individualism;Hardwork;RespectofeducationPuritanLegaciesThenotionof54SettlementinPlymouthSettlementwasfoundedatPlymouth,Massachusettsin1620SettlementinPlymouthSettlem55TheThirdColonialPattern—CatholicMarylandThecolonyfoundedbyLordBaltimore(right)inMarylandin1632;Baltimore’sexperimenttoestablishafeudalsysteminthecolony;FailureofhisfeudalplanTheThirdColonialPattern—Cat56TheFourthColonialPattern—QuakerPennsylvania

In1681WilliamPenn(right)usedthedebttheEnglishkingowedtohisfathertoobtainagrantfromthekingtosetupacolonyinNorthAmerica.TheFourthColonialPattern—Qu57QuakerismQuakersbelievedinGodthroughtheirfaithwithoutthehelpofchurchandpriests.Theybuiltnochurchandtrainednopriest.TheycommunicateddirectlywithGod.Theylivedasimplelifeandworkedhard.Theyrefusedallformsofwarandfollowedapassiveresistance.QuakerismQuakersbelievedin58QuakersQuakers59

QuakerPennsylvania—theHolyExperiment

Religiousfreedomforallsettlers;Easyforpeopletogetland;Encouragingthespiritofequality;AttractingGermans,French,IrishandEnglishsettlersandpracticingtheideaofthemelting-pot;Electingarepresentativeassembly;GreatimpactonAmericanculture

QuakerPennsylvania—theHoly60IV.TheAmericanRevolutionBytheearly1760s,the13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericahaddevelopedasimilarAmericanpatterninpolitics,economyandculturallife—readytobreakawayfromtheOldWorld.Britain’svictoryoverFranceintheSevenYears’War(FrenchandIndianWar)ledtoaconflictwithitsAmericancolonies-newtaxes-QuarteringAct-“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”IV.TheAmericanRevolutionBy61

TheBostonTeaPartyin1773

TheBostonTeaPartyin1773

62TheFirstContinentalCongress

TheFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaonSeptember5,1774-tourgeAmericanstodisobeytheEnglish“IntolerableActs”-toboycottBritishtradeTheFirstContinentalCongress

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