初中英語語法講義公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

初中英語時(shí)態(tài)Welcome！Outline1.普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)2.普通過去時(shí)

3.普通未來時(shí)

4.過去未來時(shí)：

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：6.過去完成時(shí)

7.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

現(xiàn)在過去未來使用方法：

經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作慣用時(shí)間狀語：

usually,sometimes,inspring,everyday,inthemorning普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式：動(dòng)詞原形1.am;is;are2.have,has3.第三人稱單數(shù)形式-(e)s一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)必定句：I

watch

televisioneveryday.否定句：I

don’t

watchtelevisioneveryday.疑問句：Do

you

watch

televisioneveryday.注意：start,leave,go,come等普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按要求要發(fā)生未來動(dòng)作，如列車將離開?？陀^真理在從句中也用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí).

Itsnows

inwinter.Itdoesn’tsnowinwinter.Doesitsnowinwinter?Examples:普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用：1.普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示總是、通常、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Itsnowsinwinter.Iwatchtelevisioneveryday.2.用于對(duì)客觀事實(shí)普遍性陳說。Waterconsists

ofhydrogenandoxygen.Mostanimalskillonlyforfood.Theworldisround.3.一些動(dòng)詞普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在存在一個(gè)情況。Ihaveonlyadollarrightnow.Heneedsapenrightnow.注：這些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。使用方法：過去時(shí)間發(fā)生或過去經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作

慣用時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in,atthattime,before，when等引導(dǎo)含過去時(shí)句子。

動(dòng)詞組成：動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)（--ed）

listen—listenedstudy---studiedstop-----stopped

come----came一般過去時(shí)否定組成：didn’t+動(dòng)原didn’tworkusednot(didn’tuse)towork普通疑問組成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例：Did+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？

特殊疑問句舉例：Whatdidhedoyesterday?Whendidhegetupthismorning?注意：Hehasopenedthedoor.（表示過去“開門”動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響是門還開著）Heopenedthedoor.(不能確定門現(xiàn)在是否開著)1.普通過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始和結(jié)束.Iwalkedtoschoolyesterday.Iboughtanewcarthreedaysago.walked,boughtnow普通過去時(shí)使用：2.表示過去經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或情況。Ioftengotupat6:00lastyear.Ididn’t

walktoschoolyesterday.Didyouwalktoschoolyesterday?使用方法：未來會(huì)出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生動(dòng)作慣用時(shí)間狀語：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm

動(dòng)詞組成:1.will/shall+動(dòng)原2.am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原型3.am/is/are(about)+動(dòng)詞不定式4.am/is/are+coming等現(xiàn)在分詞

以work為例:will/shallworkam/is/aregoingtowork

am/is/are(about)toworkam/is/arecoming/leaving…一般將來時(shí)否定組成：will/shallnot…am/is/arenot…

特殊疑問句舉例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?

Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?

注意：在if條件或assoonas等時(shí)間狀語從句中用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替普通未來時(shí)。

1、基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will/shalldo。

例：Weshallsendheraglasshand-madecraftasherbirthdaygift.（我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃手工制品，作為給她生日禮品。）

2、有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive,beclose,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep,start,stay等，用于普通進(jìn)行時(shí)，而且通常與一個(gè)表示未來時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語連用，能夠表示未來時(shí)。

例：MymotheriscomingtovisitmenextweekandisstayinghereuntilMay.（我媽媽下周未來看我，并會(huì)呆到5月。）

普通未來時(shí)使用：3、表示“打算去……，要……”時(shí)，可用begoingtodo。例：ThisisjustwhatIamgoingtosay.（這正是我想說。）

4、表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用beabouttodo。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做事。

例：Don'tworry,Iamabouttomakeacloseexaminationonyou.（別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)。）

5、“betodo”5種使用方法：

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例：SheistobeseeninthelabonMonday.（星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在試驗(yàn)室見到她。）

b)該做或不該做事情（語氣上靠近于should,must,oughtto,haveto），表示一個(gè)命令、勸戒性語氣。

例：Youaretogotobedandkeepquiet,kids.Ourguestsarearrivinginlessthan5minutes.（孩子們，你們必須上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)喧華。我們客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。）

c)能或不能發(fā)生事情（靠近c(diǎn)an,may）

例：HowamItopaysuchadebt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大一筆債呢？）

d)不可防止將要發(fā)生事情，以后將要發(fā)生事情。

例：Iassureyouthatthematter_______asquicklyaspossible.Havealittlepatience.

A.willbeattendedB.willbeattendedto

C.isattendedD.isattendedto

e)用于條件從句“假如……想，構(gòu)想”（靠近if……wantto,或if……should）

例：Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage____________avoided.

A)istobeB)canbeC)willbeD)hasbeen

使用方法：從過去某時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，慣用于賓從句

慣用時(shí)間狀語：thenextweek等

動(dòng)詞組成：1、would/should+動(dòng)原

2、was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原

3、was/were(about)to+動(dòng)原

以work為例：would/shouldwork

was/weregoingtoworkwas/were(about)towork過去將來時(shí)

否定組成：would/shouldnot…was/werenot…

普通疑問組成：慣用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓從

特殊疑問句舉例：Heaskedwhattheywoulddothenextweek.

IthoughtIwouldmakelotsofnewfriends.Theysaidthattheyweregoingtospendthevacationtogether.一、過去未來時(shí)表示對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)間而言將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。would或was/weregoingto+Vwould可用于各種人稱。過去未來時(shí)使用：二、would+V還可表示過去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在這點(diǎn)上同usedto同義。Whenwewerechildren,wewould/usedtogoswimmingeverysummer.比較：Iusedtowalktoschool,butnowIgobybike.usedto+V,指過去習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)，暗含意思是“現(xiàn)在不做某事了”。A:Wheredidyougo?B:Iwasgoingtovisitthepark,butintheendIwenttothefreemarket.A:Whatwasitlike?B:Ithoughtitwouldbebusy,butitwasveryquiet.---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I___,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did三、IthoughtIwasgoingto...表示“原本打算干某事”。---Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.---Oh,howniceofyou!I___you___tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.hadn’tthought;weregoingNeverthought“從未想過“，與howniceofyou所表示喜悅之情相符ThismorningAlice___out___thedooropenedandincamesomestrangers.wasjustabouttogo;whilewent;whenwasgoing;whilewasjustabouttogo;whenWewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe___officesoon.leaveswouldleavelefthadleft使用方法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作

慣用時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atteno’clockyesterday或when引導(dǎo)從句

動(dòng)詞組成：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞(--ing)

以work為例：was/wereworking過去進(jìn)行時(shí)否定組成：was/werenot+現(xiàn)在分詞

普通疑問組成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例:

Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？

Yes,IwasNo,Iwasn’t

特殊疑問句舉例：Whatwereyoudongthistimeyesterday?Wherewashestandingwhentheteachercamein?

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.WhenitbegantorainIwaswalkingnowIwaswalking

downthestreetwhenitbegantorain.I

wasnotwalking

downthestreetwhenitbegantorain.Were

youwalking

downthestreetwhenitbegantorain?用普通過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)填空。Idon’twanttogotothezootodaybecauseitisraining.Thesamethinghappenedyesterday.I(want,not)____togotothezoobecauseit(rain)____.Exercises:2.I(call)____Rogeratninelastnight,buthe(be,not)____athome.He(study)____atthelibrary.called;wasnot;wasstudying3.I(hear,not)___thethunderduringthestormlastnightbecauseI(sleep)____.didn’thear;wassleeping4.Mybrotherandsister(argue)____aboutsomethingwhenI(walk)____intotheroom.werearguing;walked5.----Nancyisnotcomingtonight.----Butshe____!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised6.Shirley___abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting7.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he___intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststaredThestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.hadwritten;leftwerewriting;haslefthadwritten;hadleftwerewriting;hadleftMary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes使用方法：1、過去某時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前完成動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(過去過去)。2、過去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間慣用時(shí)間狀語：bythattime,bytheendof…,when/before+從句，said/knew/asked賓從中動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞(--ed)

以work為例：hadworked過去完成時(shí)否定組成:hadnot+過去分詞

普通疑問組成：Had+主語+過去分詞+其它？

Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadn’t.

特殊疑問句舉例：HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?

Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.hadsoldgottothetheatreNow過去過去過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去時(shí)相比較而存在時(shí)態(tài)，用以表示“過去過去”動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1.Whenwe_____(arrive)atthetheatre,theplay____(alreadystart).arrived;hadalreadystarted2.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse___andalotofthings___.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen3.Tomdidn'tgotohearthesingerbecausehe___him.heardwouldhearC.hasheardD.hadheard4.---Whydidn'tyoucometotheparty?-----I___tocome,butoneofmyfriendscametoseemejustthen.A.wantedB.waswantingC.hadwantedD.hadbeenwanted5.Hiswife___tocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.hopinghadhopedhashopedwouldhopehadhoped意為“原希望”，慣用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞有“think,want,plan,suppose,intend”使用方法：說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作慣用時(shí)間狀語：now,thesedays現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中動(dòng)詞形式：

amis+-ingare1、do-doing2、live-living3、重讀閉音節(jié)sit-sittingdrop-dropping以ie結(jié)尾die-dyinglie-lying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Sheiswritinganotherbookthisyear.并不表示說話時(shí)候她正拿著筆坐在書桌前。1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)在說話時(shí)(或較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）正在進(jìn)行。JohnandMaryaretalkingonthephone.startfinishnow2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)此刻正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作。普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示不確定時(shí)間經(jīng)常、重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3.進(jìn)行時(shí)未來使用方法：Whenareyouleaving?=Whenwillyouleave?JohnandMaryaretalkingonthephone.JohnandMaryarenottalkingonthePhone.AreJohnandMarytalkingonthephone?JohnandMaryaretalkingonthephone.JohnandMaryarenottalkingonthePhone.AreJohnandMarytalkingonthephone?1.Diane(wash)____herhaireveryotherdayorso.2.Kathyusually(sit)____inthefrontrowduringclass,buttodayshe(sit)___inthelastrow.washes,sits,issitting3.(Lock,you,always)________thedoortoyourapartment(公寓)whenyouleave?4.Iwrotetomyfriendlastweek.Shehasn’tansweredmyletteryet.I(wait,still)____forareply.Doyoualwayslock,amstillwaiting5.Everymorning,thesun(shine)___inmybedroomwindowand(wake)___meup.shines,wakes6.A:Look!It(snow)____.B:It’sbeautiful!ThisisthefirsttimeI’veeverseensnow.It(snow,not,often)___inmycountry.issnowing;doesnotoftensnow---CanIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit___.didn’tworkwon’tworkcan’tworkdoesn’twork---CanIjointheclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou___abitolder.getwillgetC.aregettingD.willhavegotMycousin,Jenny,___inNewYorktillnextSaturday.isstayinghasstayedwillhavestayedstayed---Doyouknowwhenshe___?---No,butI’lltellyouassoonasshe___.willcome;comescomes;willcomewillcome;willcomecomes;comesLook!________!HerethebuscomesHerecomesthebusHereisthebuscomingHerethebusiscominghere,there放在句子開頭，句子主謂要倒裝。(如主語為代詞，主謂不倒裝)。在here,there引導(dǎo)句子中，慣用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。使用方法:1、發(fā)生在過去動(dòng)作且對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響.

2、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作

慣用時(shí)間狀語：already,just,never,before,recently,inthepastfewyears,ever,sofar,since+過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間,for+段時(shí)間

動(dòng)詞組成：have/has+過去分詞(--ed)have/hasworked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定組成：have/hasnot+過去分詞普通疑問組成：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞…?特殊疑問句舉例：Whathaveyoudonerecently?HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?注意：暫時(shí)性動(dòng)詞不能與for…,since…,Howlong…等表示段時(shí)間短語同時(shí)使用。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生行為對(duì)主語當(dāng)前產(chǎn)生影響。即用過去發(fā)生某個(gè)行為來說明現(xiàn)在某種情況。Wearegoodfriends.(現(xiàn)在情況）Iknewhimin1997.（過去動(dòng)作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)絡(luò)起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)使用方法ShehasbeentoBeijing.(現(xiàn)在已不在北京，從結(jié)果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)絡(luò)起來）ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.（現(xiàn)在仍在北京，從時(shí)間上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)絡(luò)起來）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三種基本使用方法：1、未完成使用方法。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展，也可能剛才結(jié)束。Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.Hehaslivedhereallhislife.a.be,live,study都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。b.慣用時(shí)間狀語：since…,for…,inthepastfewyears,sofar,allhislife.2、重復(fù)性使用方法，表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作。Ihavebeentothecitytwicethisweek.Ihaveoftenwonderedwhereshe