考研考博-英語-天津天獅學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津天獅學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始，大多數(shù)公司就傾向于經(jīng)營隨需應(yīng)變、隨時可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這樣為顧客提供了，而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

2.單選題

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:科學(xué)技術(shù)實際上有助于保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中有用的和討人喜歡的部分。選項中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve強調(diào)保護東西完好無損;reserve指保存儲備留作后用。根據(jù)句意可知，選項A更符合語境。

3.單選題

Iwas（

）tostudyFrenchyesterday,butIchangedmymind.

問題1選項

A.tobestarting

B.tostart

C.tohavestarted

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。was/weretohavedone表示“過去計劃打算做某事，結(jié)果卻沒做”，was/weretodo表示“過去計劃做某事”。由but后面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示“過去打算做而未做的事”，因此選C。

4.寫作題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【參考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

5.單選題

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

問題1選項

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

問題2選項

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

問題3選項

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

問題4選項

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

問題5選項

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“老虎計劃的最終目標是……”。定位文章第一段，該段講述了老虎數(shù)量銳減，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金會資助的老虎項目立即啟動。建立了9個老虎保護區(qū)，有武裝警衛(wèi)保護它們。），可推知老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動物保護基金會的最終目的。B項“保護老虎不被殺害”正確。A項“研究老虎的生長速度”和C項“促進幼虎的繁殖”沒提到，屬于無中生有。D項“分析老虎的行為模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（該項目為來自印度和國外的研究人員提供了研究保護區(qū)老虎的機會，并收集了以前無法獲得的關(guān)于老虎習(xí)性的信息）可知，該項并不是這個老虎項目的目標，而是其有利之處，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20）可知，老虎捕捉獵物的成功率很低，所以D項“老虎并不是通常所說的高效的獵手”正確。A項“母老虎在受到攻擊之前從不攻擊”和B項“母老虎不像其他老虎那樣兇猛”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會根據(jù)其他老虎獨特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭奪地盤）可知，C項“一只老虎通常與另一只老虎搏斗以保衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)土”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項。

23.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，老虎的領(lǐng)地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根據(jù)年齡、體型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩獵區(qū)域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的領(lǐng)地包括三到四只雌虎的小領(lǐng)地）可知，一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領(lǐng)地，隨著老虎的長大，其體型及力量都在增大，其占領(lǐng)的狩獵領(lǐng)地的面積自然也就增大，C項“隨著老虎的成長而擴大”正確。A項“保持不變”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。B項“通常由母老虎保護”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會根據(jù)其他老虎獨特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭奪地盤）可知，D項“是大多數(shù)打架的原因”也是反向干擾。因此，該題選擇C項。

24.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“有些人害怕老虎計劃……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人們開始擔(dān)心“老虎計劃”太成功了），toosuccessful與A項中的carriedtoofar是同樣的意思，所以A項“做得太過火”正確。B項“沒有得到足夠的重視”和C項“沒有實現(xiàn)它的目標”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。D項“不值得花這么多錢”沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者看起來……”。縱觀全文，作者對于老虎保護項目沒有加入個人的主觀色彩，也沒有描述主觀情感的詞語，所以他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度。B項“對老虎計劃采取實事求是的態(tài)度”符合題意。A項“對老虎計劃充滿熱情”、C項“對老虎計劃持敵對態(tài)度”和D項“對老虎計劃感到滿意”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項。

6.單選題

StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer'spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.“EachyearphysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestotheStates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule“l(fā)imitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwheretheyhadn'tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohavencollectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinaastatement,"businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.”

1.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2and3thattheoverruleddecisions（

）.

3.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas（

）.

4.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling（

）.

5.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday,theauthor（

）.

問題1選項

A.endetterbusiness'revolutionswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax

D.forcessomestatestocutsalestax

問題2選項

A.haveledtothedominanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchases

D.wereconsideredupfavorablebystates

問題3選項

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.boostedgrowthinstatesrevenue

問題4選項

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chainowners

C.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

問題5選項

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomecasesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題為細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“theSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”定位到原文第一段“StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythat...”前半句已經(jīng)明確提出各州的在線購物可能要交稅，對應(yīng)選項C，原詞“online”加“shoppers”是對“purchase”的同義替換。其他三個選項均為提及。

2.根據(jù)題干“l(fā)earned”可知本題為推理題，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字“theoverruleddecisions”定位到原文第二段的兩句，大意為“州政府抱怨以前的政策使每年稅收損失慘重，因此以前的政策很難再收取網(wǎng)上營業(yè)稅”兩句表示出的意思都是對州政府的不利，對比四個選項，得出答案D，州政府認為原政策對州會不利，因此駁回這項決定會對州有利，為正話反說。

3.本題為細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“JusticeAnthonyKennedy”“thephysicalpresencerule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句，大意為實體店規(guī)定導(dǎo)致州政府稅收虧損，接著下一句Kennedywrotethattherule“l(fā)imitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”該規(guī)定限制了各州長期繁榮，并妨礙市場參與者參與公平競爭。對比四個選項，C選項為“破壞了公平市場競爭”和原文“competing”“marketparticipants”一一對應(yīng)，為正確答案。

4.根據(jù)題干“l(fā)ikely”得出本題為推理題，利用關(guān)鍵詞“welcometheSupremeCourtruling”定位到原文第五段第一句“Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,since...”對于大公司來說這項規(guī)定是一種勝利，因為……只需找到關(guān)鍵詞“bigchain”即可選出B選項：大型連鎖公司。

5.本題為主旨題，需找出作者的相應(yīng)觀點與論證，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”回顧每段首尾句，推測每段大意。第一段講述最高法院通過了征收在線營業(yè)稅的決定，第二段介紹之前的裁決及后果是對州政府不利的，第三段介紹了原來裁決涉及到的案例，第四段陳列了法官的觀點，即以前的裁決是有問題的，第五段主要講述新判決會對大型連鎖超市產(chǎn)生有利的影響，第六段講述新裁決對州外賣價的影響，第七段表示新的判決得到零售界的肯定，因此本文的思路為：首段引出新判決，二三四段列舉相關(guān)案例，五六七段對其影響進行講述，對比四個選項，得出D：作者在講述這個判決時引用了相關(guān)案例并分析了它們的影響。

7.單選題

Thediscrepantinthecompanyaccountsisso（）thatnoauditorcouldhavefailedtonoticeit.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.conspicuous

C.notorious

D.superfluous

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。spontaneous“自發(fā)的；無意識的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；superfluous“多余的；奢侈的”，根據(jù)that后面的內(nèi)容“任何一個審計員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)”可知此處的discrepant“差異”非常明顯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用conspicuous。句意：這個公司賬目上的不符非?！?，任何一個審計員都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)。故正確答案為選項B。

8.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，D項autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨立）可知，對應(yīng)D項符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項。

9.翻譯題

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代博物館屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果，這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當成了被動的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己動手去操作，自己細心體察。這樣。他們可以更貼近先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧秘。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsisnaturemuseumintheworld,whichshowspeopletheevolutionoftheearthandthelivingthingswithfossilsandsamplesspecimen.Thesecondgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsofindustrialtechnology,whichshowthestageeffectsofindustrialcivilization.Thesetwomuseumsplaytheroleofspreadingscienceandknowledge,butthevisitorsaretreatedaspassivespectators.

Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsoftotalnewideas,wherethevisitorscanoperatethedisplayedobjectsandobserveeverythingcarefully.Inthisway,theyaremoreclosetotheadvancedtechnologyandareabletoexplorethesecretsofscienceandtechnology.

10.單選題

（）thedisappearanceoftheMayanempire,therearestillMayansintheregioninwhichtheyonceinhabited.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.As

C.But

D.For

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管瑪雅帝國消失，但是，他們曾經(jīng)居住的地區(qū)仍然有瑪雅人。結(jié)合語境，“therearestillMayans仍然還有瑪雅人”與“disappearance消失”是對比關(guān)系，后半句是完整的句子，故A為正確答案。

11.單選題

Rainwaterhasbegunto（

）theroofofmyhouse.

問題1選項

A.transfer

B.penetrate

C.urge

D.ventilate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移”；penetrate“滲透，刺入”；urge“催促，推進，鼓勵”；ventilate“使通風(fēng)，使換氣”。句意：雨水開始滲透進我房子的屋頂。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

問題1選項

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項intears“流著淚”；B選項invain“無效”；C選項inturn“輪流；依次；反過來”；D選項inall“總共，合計”。句意：醫(yī)生的所有努力都是______，病人很快就死了。根據(jù)語境，醫(yī)生的努力沒有成功救回病人，invain“無效”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

ThemosteffectivewayIknowtoimproveyourwritingistodofreewritingexercisesregularly.Atleastthreetimesaweek.Theyaresometimescalled“automaticwriting”，“babbling”,or“jabbering”exercises.Theideaissimplytowritefortenminutes(lateron,perhapsfifteenortwenty).Don’tstopforanything.Goquicklywithoutrushing.Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething,towonderwhatwordorthoughttouse,ortothinkaboutwhatyouaredoing.Ifyoucan’tthinkofawordorspelling,justuseasquiggleorelsewrite,“Ican’tthinkofit.”Justputdownsomething.Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind.Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant;orrepeatthelastwordyouwroteoverandoveragain;oranythingelse.Theonlyrequirementisthatyouneverstop.

Whathappenstoafreewritingexerciseisimportant.Itmustbeapieceofwritingwhich,evenifsomeonereadsit,doesn’tsendanyripplesbacktoyou.Itislikewritingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.Theteacherlessclasshelpsyourwritingbyprovidingmaximumfeedback.Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall.WhenIassignone,Iinvitethewritertoletmereadit.Butalsotellhimtokeepitifheprefers.IreaditquicklyandmakenocommentsatallandIdonotspeakwithhimaboutit.Themainthingisthatafreewritingmustneverbeevaluatedinanyway;infacttheremustbenodiscussionorcommentatall.

Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting.Butthat’sitsdownfalltoo.Almosteverybodyinterposesamassiveandcomplicatedseriesofeditingsbetweenthetimethewordsstarttobebornintoconsciousnessandwhentheyfinallycomeoftheendofthepencilortypewriterontothepage.Thisispartlybecauseschoolingmakesusobsessedwiththe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisencouragedaboutfreewriting?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“getstuck”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcomparedwithspeaking,writing（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTageneralpracticeinfreewriting,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Topointouttheonlyeffectivewayofimprovingwriting.

B.Torevealthecrazyfeatureof“automaticwriting”.

C.Tourgereaderstotrytodofreewritingexercisesregularly.

D.Todescribetheprocessoffreewriting

問題2選項

A.Thinkingaboutspellingandgrammaraswetrytowrite.

B.Teachersaresupposedtoprovidefeedbackormakecommentsaboutapieceofwriting.

C.Crossoutthoseideasthatseemtobeambiguous.

D.Neverworryaboutthe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.

問題3選項

A.Unabletodoanymoreofsomethingthatyouareworkingonbecauseitistoodifficult

B.Fixedinaparticularpositionandimpossibletomove

C.Unabletoescapefromaboringsituation

D.Startdoingsomethingeagerlyandwithalotofenergy.

問題4選項

A.hastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting

B.functionsmoreasaconsciousprocessofcorrecting“mistake”

C.isjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind

D.makesmoresensethansimplyputtingdownwords

問題5選項

A.Writingdownwhateverisinyourmind.

B.Payingnoattentiontospelling,dictionorgrammarwhilewriting.

C.Writingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.

D.Ignoringallpossiblemistakeswhilewriting.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:作者意圖題。文章首先介紹了自由寫作，包括其注意事項以及方式和特征，在最后一段的開頭也強調(diào):Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense(自由寫作也許看起來非常瘋狂，但是這里面的道理很簡單)。最后對比了學(xué)校的寫作教育和自由寫作，因此B項“揭示自由寫作”比較符合文章的目的。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。A:寫作時思考拼寫和語法。B:老師應(yīng)該對一篇文章做出反饋或評論。C:把那些看起來模棱兩可的想法去掉。D:永遠不要擔(dān)心寫作時會“犯錯”。第一段指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一部分，去思考單詞該怎么拼寫)，因此A項跟C項不是自由寫作所鼓勵的。由“Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall(自由寫作通過不提供任何的反饋來達到幫助的目的)”可知B項也不是自由寫作所鼓勵的，故選D。

第3題:詞義題?！癵etstuck”出現(xiàn)在第一段:Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant(如果你getstuck，你可以直接寫我不知道該寫什么”)。由此推斷出文章中的getstuck指的是在寫作過程中遇到困難，不知道該寫什么內(nèi)容以及不知道該怎么寫，故答案選項為A。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting(思考一下說話和寫作之間的區(qū)別。寫作的優(yōu)點是可以寫下很多)，A項是對此句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選A。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind(最簡單的就是把出現(xiàn)在腦海中的東西都寫下來)，由此可知A是自由寫作的訓(xùn)練方法之一。第一段還指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一些部分，去思考單詞該怎么拼寫)，最后一段指出:Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords(許多人在寫作的時候都會頻繁地去思考拼寫和語法的問題。我在寫東西的時候通常會去思考詞不達意、冗長、模糊不清等方面的問題)。由此可知B和D屬于自由寫作的訓(xùn)練方法，而C項誤解了文章中的比喻修辭手法，因此答案選C。

14.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查動詞辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive喪失，剝奪；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：這位囚犯被剝奪了三年的個人自由。C項符合句意。答案C。

15.填空題

Directions:Youaregoingtoreadsomeinformationaboutsomecompanies.Forquestions21-30,choosefromthecompanies(A-H).Someofthecompaniesmaybechosenmorethanonce.Whenmorethanoneanswerisrequired,thesemaybegiveninanyorder.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(O).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Whichcompanyorcompanies:

isproudoftheirresearchprogramme?(O)(F)

dealswithcommunicationlinks?(21)()

ispartlyownedbythemanagement?(22)()

statesitdoesnotworkinEurope?(23)()

statesitisconcernedwiththewholefamily?(24)()

profitfromnaturalresources?(25)()(26)()

directlyexchangemoney?(27)()(28)()

makemedicine?(29)()(30)()