考研考博-英語-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-bornHunter,whoin1762becamephysiciantoQueenCharlotte,wifeofGeorgeIII,HehelpedhertodeliverthefuturekingGeorgeIV,Smellie,afellowScot,isnolessdistinguished,FromWitchcrafttoWisdom,atextbookonthehistoryofobstetricandgynaecologicalmedicine,hailshimas“thegreatestobstetricianinthehistoryofBritishobstetrics”.Hehasalsobeencalled“thefatherofBritishmidwifery”.

5.Shelton,though,regardstheduoasonaparwithBurkeandHare,whomurdered17citizensofEdinburghin1827and1828,sellingtheirremainstoalocalanatomist,TheLondonofHunterandSmellie’stimewasunhealthyandsemi-anarchic,andearlydeathfromdiseasewaswidespread,aswasgraverobbing.InhisJRSMpaper,Sheltonclaimstoprovethattherivaldoctorscouldnothaveobtainedtheirsupplyofcorpsesbyanyothermeansthanmurder.ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren,Thusthegraverobbersofthetimecouldnothavefulfilledtheobstetricians’needforsuchaspecifictypeoffemale,ConcludesShelton.

6.Eachusedanassistanttocommissionkillers,hesays,namingDrColinMackenzieasSmellie’saccompliceandJohnHunter-William’sbrother,whowasacelebratedanatomist—ashishelper.Youngwomenfromthecountrysidewereapparentlyfavouritetargetsinacitywhereplentyofpeople“disappeared”.“Thereisgreatsuspicionabouttheabundanceofundeliveredninth—monthcorpsesprocured,dissectedanddepictedintheanatomicalatlasesofSmellieandHunter,”writesShelton.“Theimpossibilityofsupplyfromrandomresurrections,takenwithacarefulanalysisofevents,andof18dl-centurymedicalliterature,showscompellingevidenceforburking,”By1755rumourswerecirculatingthatthewomeninSmellie’sjournalhadbeenmurdered,andassociatesbeganpressinghimontheirorigins.“AsaresultSmellieandHunterbothhaltedtheirresearch,bothpresumablyfearingtrialandexecution,”althoughHunter—whousedhislinkstopowerfulfamiliestoensurenoinvestigationwaseverundertaken—resumedorderingmurders,aboutonceayear,in1764,Sheltonadds.

7.AnthonyKenny,agynaecologistinLondonfor40yearsuntilhisretirementin2007,said:“Thesetwoguysaremyheroes.Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering.”KennyisnowthecuratorofthemuseumoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansandGynaecologists.“Theywerethefirstproperobstetriciansinthecountrybecauseoftheirpioneeringworkpracticingwhatwasthenstillanewbranchofmedicine.”WhileKennydescribesShelton’spaperas“extremelyimpressive”initsresearch,hecannotbelievethathisheroeswereguiltyofsuchterriblecrimes.Thetradeincorpseswasverylucrativeandprobablyattractedunsavoury,unscrupulouscharacters,hepointedout.”Anditcouldbethattheydidn’tmakeproperinquiriesastotheoriginsofthebodies,andsomaynothaveknownthatthewomenweremurdered.

8.LudmillaJordanova,aprofessorofmodemhistoryatKing’sCollegeLondonwhospecializesinthehistoryofmedicine,saysShelton’sassertionthatHunterandSmelliecouldnothavecomeacrosssomanydeadpregnantwomenfromanyothersourceas“astrikingclaim,importantresearch...isrevealingthecomplexitiesofanatomicalactivitiesin18th—centuryLondon.Thisisanexcitingandcontroversialareaofhistoricalinvestigation.”WhileSheltonacknowledgesthattheideaofpioneeringmedicalresearchersresortingtoburkingisshocking.HelikestoquoteSherlockHolmes,“Whenyouhaveeliminatedtheimpossible,whateverremains,howeverimprobable,isthetruth.”

1.Accordingtotheinformationinparagraph2,WilliamBurke（

）

2.AccordingtoDonShelton,pregnantwomenin18thcenturyLondon（

）,

3.ThestrongestsupportforShelton’sthesiscomesfrom（

）.

4.Inparagraph6,thewordapparentlymeans（

）.

5.WhatSheltonwritesaboutthepioneeringgynecologistsHunterand

Smellie（

）.

問題1選項

A.wasahenchmanofHunterandSmellie

B.gavehisnametothepracticeofkillingpeoplewithoutleavinganysignsofmurder

C.isbelievedtohavekilledpeopleforhisownmedicalresearch

D.mademoneybykillingpeopletoprovidebodiesformedicalresearch

問題2選項

A.Generallywerenotverylikelytodieinthelastmonthofpregnancy

B.Seldomdiedsoonaftergivingbirth

C.wereaverysmallpartoftheoverallurbanpopulation

D.werequitenumerousinitsmanypoorhouses

問題3選項

A.thetestimonyofcontemporaryeyewitnesses

B.statisticsandprobability

C.policerecordsofthetime

D.literaryreportsoftheabundantviolenceandcrimein18thcenturyLondon

問題4選項

A.itisobviousthat

B.thereisnodoubtthat

C.itappearsthat

D.somepeopleassertthat

問題5選項

A.seemsquitepersuasivetoAnthonyKenny

B.appallsandhorrifiesAnthonyKenny

C.clearsthem,inAnthonyKenny’sopinion,ofanyguiltorblame.

D.SeemscompletelygroundlesstoAnthonyKenny

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第二段對WilliamBurke進行了解釋:anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments(愛爾蘭人,1829年在恩丁堡被判殺人罪--出售尸體進行醫(yī)學實驗)。故選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第五段指出:ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren(這位歷史學家說，母親在臨產(chǎn)前不久死亡或被謀殺是很罕見的，來自貧民區(qū)的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。文章多出提到Shelton’s的理論來源。第二段提到JOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(皇家醫(yī)學會雜志),后面又提到medicalliterature(醫(yī)學文獻)。故選D:18世紀倫敦大量暴力和犯罪的文學報道。

4.詞義題。此處句意為:在一個很多人都“消失”了的城市里，來自農(nóng)村的年輕婦女顯然是最受歡迎的目標。

5.推理判斷題。第七段:Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering(他們可能參與了謀殺目標的說法絕對令人震驚),后面也表達了他們難以置信的態(tài)度。故選B。

2.單選題

Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.

問題1選項

A.Ihadnotspent

B.didnotspent

C.wouldnothavespent

D.havenotspent

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語氣。根據(jù)lastmonth可知此處是與過去事實相反的情況，因此wish后面要用過完完成時態(tài)。選項A符合題意。句意：我希望我上個月沒花這么多錢。

3.填空題

Mydaughterisrather（1）toairpollution,sowemakesurethatshewearsa（2）whenshegoestoschoolinthemorning,（3）ondayswhentheairqualityindexisbad.That’ssomethingweunfailinglycheckonlinewhilewe'reeatingbreakfast.

【答案】1.vulnerable;

2.mask;

3.especially/particularly

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定搭配。Bevulnerable(to)易遭受…。

2.語義題。第二空前面有一個a，因此此處應(yīng)填名詞,結(jié)合句意可知mask(口罩)合適。

3.語義題。第三空后面ondays...是修飾句子shewearsamask的時間狀語，所以此處填入一個副詞起修飾作用，故particularly“尤其”符合句意。

4.單選題

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

問題1選項

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意為約束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室內(nèi)；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘記；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來。選項C與之意思相近。

5.單選題

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

問題1選項

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。electorate的前綴為elect-（選-），可以推測出electorate意為“選民”，所以選項C正確。

6.單選題

Thecourseofscholasticpreparationwasarduousrequiringthesystematicpassingofsuccessiveexaminations.Successintheexaminationsresultedinthe（）ofacademicdegrees,whichweretreasuredasthesurestsourceofwealthandpowerinChina.

問題1選項

A.bestowal

B.giving

C.conferring

D.offering

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bestowal“贈與”；B選項giving“給予”；C選項conferring“文憑、學位的授予”；D選項offering“提供”。根據(jù)題干，提到學位被視為財富和成功的可靠來源，符合題干內(nèi)容的只有C選項，學位作為一種文憑。句意：學業(yè)準備的過程是艱苦的，要求有系統(tǒng)地通過連續(xù)的考試?？荚嚦晒?dǎo)致學術(shù)學位的……，在中國這是寶貴的財富和權(quán)力的源泉。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Thejunior（

）wasimpatientforpromotionbutknewthathewouldonlygetitbysteppingintoadeadman’sshoes.

問題1選項

A.executive

B.explosive

C.captive

D.addictive

【答案】A

【解析】考察形近詞辨析。executive總經(jīng)理；執(zhí)行官；explosive爆炸物，炸藥；captive俘虜；addictive使人上癮的。句意：這位初級執(zhí)行官急不可耐地想要提升，但是他很清楚他只能等待填補死人的空缺。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Inaseminar,everyoneshouldtakepartratherthanallowonepersonto______thediscussion.

問題1選項

A.overwhelm

B.dominate

C.oppress

D.determine

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。overwhelm“淹沒，壓倒”；dominate“控制，支配”；oppress“壓迫，壓抑”；determine“決定；確定”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息everyoneshouldtakepart（每個人都參與）與oneperson（一個人），可知前后是兩者對比，因此選項B符合題意。句意：在研討會上，每個人都應(yīng)該參與討論而不是讓一個人來主導(dǎo)。

9.單選題

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

問題1選項

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，移交；transpire蒸發(fā)，泄露；transcend勝過，超越。句意：人們普遍認為宇宙的大小超出了我們的想象。選項D符合句意。

10.翻譯題

過去十年間，中國手機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可謂有目共睹，幾乎每年都會新增約八千萬用戶，但據(jù)英國廣播公司報道，在某種程度上，真正的通訊革命才剛剛開始。

今年，中國將取代美國成為世界最大的智能手機市場。對很多中國人來說，智能手機使他們第一次擁有了通向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的私人路徑。這對于信息技術(shù)開發(fā)商、尤其是移動手機應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說是非比尋常的機遇。

那么，應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商是怎么在中國賺到錢的呢？一種方法就是嘗試“應(yīng)用內(nèi)銷售”一一他們推出免費的應(yīng)用程序，一旦用戶被吸引，再以較低的價格賣給他們體驗增強版。雖然中國的用戶只愿意出幾分錢來購買升級服務(wù)，但只要想想用戶多達數(shù)百萬，加在一起很快就是一大筆錢。不過，對于非游戲類應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說，要發(fā)展就得依靠廣告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

11.單選題

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

問題1選項

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項comeoff“成功，實現(xiàn)”；B選項gooff“離開，變質(zhì)”；C選項bringout“出版，生產(chǎn)”；D選項makeout“辨認出，理解”。根據(jù)句意：在深谷里建發(fā)電站是個大膽的想法，但結(jié)果與我們原來所希望的一樣。也就說，這個想法得到實現(xiàn)，所以選項A符合語境。

12.單選題

Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp（）friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.

問題1選項

A.foster

B.harness

C.install

D.exhibit

【答案】A

【解析】句意:頻繁的文化交流必將有助于促進我們兩所大學之間的友好關(guān)系。

考查動詞辨析。foster培養(yǎng),促進;harness駕馭,利用;install安裝,安頓：exhibit展覽,顯示,提出。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“friendlyrelations(友好關(guān)系)”可知A符合句意。

13.單選題

Wemustgetthetrappedvictimsoutatoncebecausethebuildingisin（

）dangerofanexplosion.

問題1選項

A.opaque

B.vivid

C.mute

D.imminent

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。opaque不透明的，遲鈍的；vivid生動的；mute沉默的，無聲的；imminent即將來臨的，迫近的。

句意：我們必須立即把被困的受害者救出來，因為這個建筑有馬上要爆炸的危險。所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

（

）isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.

問題1選項

A.Conception

B.Abortion

C.Delivery

D.Perception

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項Conception“懷孕”；B選項Abortion“墮胎，流產(chǎn)”；C選項Delivery“分娩”；D選項Perception“感知”。

句意：由于宗教原因，美國有些州禁止墮胎，而有些州允許墮胎。選項B更符合語境。

15.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問題1選項

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項common“普通的；一般的”，B選項mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進步而共同努力。通過帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Theheatinsummerisnoless（

）hereinthismountainregion.

問題1選項

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。concentrated意為“集中的”；extensive意為“廣泛的”；intense意為“激烈的，強烈的，非常的”；intensive意為“加強的，集中的”。

句意：這個山區(qū)夏天的酷熱也同樣強烈。

17.單選題

Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.

問題1選項

A.predictable

B.disguised

C.ornamental

D.sophisticated

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測的；disguised偽裝的；ornamental裝飾的；sophisticated高級的，復(fù)雜的。句意：20世紀80年代以來，越來越高級的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營銷和推廣成為可能。選項D符合句意。

18.單選題

Toolmakersmusthavetheabilitytoworkvery（

）inordertomeetexactspecifications.

問題1選項

A.plausibly

B.profoundly

C.precisely

D.primarily

【答案】C

【解析】plausibly似真地；profoundly深刻地，極度地；precisely精確地，恰好；primarily主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必須能非常精確地工作，以滿足準確的規(guī)格要求。根據(jù)下文可知，選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Freudderivedpsychoanalyticknowledgeofchildhoodindirectly;he（）childhoodprocessesfromadultmemory.

問題1選項

A.reconstructed

B.incorporated

C.obstructed

D.fostered

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。reconstruct“重現(xiàn)，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct“阻塞，妨礙”；foster“培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”。句意：弗洛伊德間接性地推斷出了兒童精神分析知識，從成年人的記憶中修復(fù)了兒時的記憶。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturedeliveredbytheprofessorbecauseitssubjectwasvery（）.

問題1選項

A.intriguing

B.indefinite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:幾乎沒有人能聽懂教授的講座，因為其主題很晦澀難懂。

考查形容詞辨析。intriguing有趣的，引人入勝的，神秘的；indefinite無期限的，不明確的，表示因定義不明確而引起理解上的模糊；obscure不淸楚的，模糊的，晦澀的，強調(diào)費解；dubious可疑的，含糊的，強調(diào)因可疑而引起的不確定。根據(jù)前半句句意“幾乎沒有人能聽懂教授的講座”可知C正確。

21.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競爭法則下，成千上萬的雇主不得不實行一些最嚴厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會中人類為了競爭所付出的代價，就和為了不需要花錢就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價高昂；但是競爭法則帶來的好處高于付出的代價，因為正是這種競爭法則，經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對個體來說可能很難，但是它適用于人類，因為它保證了人類在各個領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競爭法則不僅是良性的，而且對種族的未來發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

22.單選題

NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage（）intheworld.

問題1選項

A.neighborhoods

B.communities

C.clusters

D.assemblies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項neighborhood“街坊，街區(qū)”，B項community“社區(qū)，共同體，團體”，C項cluster“群，簇”，D項assembly“裝配，集合”；根據(jù)空格前面的differentlanguage（不同的語言），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有B項符合。句意：紐約可能是世界上不同語言社區(qū)數(shù)量最多的城市。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

23.單選題

Anypossibledeleterioussideeffectsofthenewdrugcannotbedeterminedby______trials;severallong-termstudieswith______identicalmethodologiesarerequired.

問題1選項

A.baneful…germane

B.acceding…fawning

C.mitigating…stout

D.cursory...uniform

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.baneful…germane有害的，有毒的……貼切的，恰當?shù)?，有密切關(guān)系的B.acceding…fawning加入，同意v.……奉承的，恭維的

C.mitigating…stout減輕的，節(jié)制的，和緩的……堅決的，強有力的D.cursory...uniform粗略的，草率的……統(tǒng)一的，相同的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過______試驗確定；它需要用______相同方法進行幾項長期研究”可知，兩個空格處都要填入一個形容詞，第一個空格根據(jù)句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合語境；第二個空格根據(jù)后面的identical（相同的）可知，該空格填入uniform表示“統(tǒng)一的”符合，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過草率的試驗確定；它需要用統(tǒng)一的相同方法進行幾項長期研究。

24.翻譯題

TheUKhaslongprideditselfonitsroadsafetystandards.Casualtyfiguresarelowcomparedwithmostotherindustrializedcountries.Butthispositiverecord,coupledwiththefactthattheinternationaltrendcontinuesdownwards,isalsowhythefirstincreaseinroaddeathsforalmostadecadeshouldbeacauseforconcern.

Abreakdownofthe2010—11figuresshowswherethatconcerncouldmostusefullybedirected.Deathsamongdriversandpassengerswereup6percent,withruralroadsaccountingformoreoftherisethanurbanareas,andadisproportionatenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingdriversunder24.

Therelativelyhighaccidentrateonruralroadshasbroughtcallsforanewspeedlimitincountryareasof40mph.Thatisworthconsidering.Therearemanyroadswherethelackofalimitimplicitlyallowsdriverstotravelat60mph,evenwheretheconditionsshoulddictateotherwise.Argumentsabouttheexpenseofnewsignscouldbemetbytheintroductionofablanketlimitonminorroads.Enforcementwould,ofcourse,bedifficult.Butthesettingofanewnormwouldattheveryleastalertdriverstothedangersandfostergreatercaution.

Thenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingyoungerdrivers—itshouldreallybenosurprisethatroadaccidentsarethemaincauseofdeathamongyoungadults—shouldraisequestionsonceagainabouttherigorofthedrivingtest.Considerationmightalsobegiventowhether,perhaps,thelegaldrivingageshouldberaised.Thedownside,however,wouldalsohavetobeweighed.42.Agemaybelessofafactorinaccidentsthaninexperience,andanyriseintheageatwhichsomeonemayobtainalicensecouldpenalizethoselivinginareaswithpoorpublictransportandencouragemoreteenagerstodriveillegally.

Themoststartlingaspectofthesestatistics,though,isthe12percentriseindeathsamongpedestrians.Manyreasonscouldbeadvanced,notallofthemrelatedtoworsebehavioronthepartofdrivers.Atleastsomeoftheincreasecouldbeattributabletotechnology,andthedistractionsofmobiledevicesandheadphones.Thedangerthatlurkswhenpedestriansareinsufficientlyawareoftheirsurroundingsshouldbespeltoutmoreloudlyandmoreoften.

Thereisanothereasyconclusion,too,thatisbeing—butshouldnotbe—drawnfromthegeneralriseinfatalities.Callscanalreadybeheard,fromMPsandothers,fortheGovernmenttoshelveitsplanforahigher,80mphspeedlimitonmotorways,oratleasttoputittoaCommonsvote.Motorways,though,accountforrelativelyfewUKroaddeaths;ruralroadsaremanytimesmoredangerous.

Concentratingonimprovementstothesesecondaryroads,andonpedestrianawarenesseverywhere,wouldbeabetteruseoflimitedfundsthanreversingasensiblechangethatrecognizesrealityandimprovesenforcement.Thisisthemessagetobedrawnfromthelatestroadaccidentfigures,anditshouldbeheeded-eventhoughitmaynotbewhatcertainvocalgroupsofcampaignerswanttohear.

【答案】在次等級公路上實行總額包干,就能解決新道路標志的成本之爭。當然,實施起來有些困難。但制定新標準最起碼能提醒司機注意危險,使司機更加謹慎。

和年齡相比