考研考博-英語(yǔ)-六盤(pán)水師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-六盤(pán)水師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifthisevilmanremainedunpunished,oursocialmoralstandard_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willundermine

B.wouldundermine

C.wouldbeundermined

D.willbeundermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were），主句則為：主語(yǔ)+would（should；could；might）+動(dòng)詞原型。故可排除A、D選項(xiàng)。句意：如果這個(gè)壞人不受懲罰，我們的社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就會(huì)被破壞。又因該句中的“社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與“破壞”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至連買(mǎi)個(gè)面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相當(dāng)吝嗇。A選項(xiàng)為“嫉妒”；B選項(xiàng)為“悲傷，痛苦”；C選項(xiàng)為“幸運(yùn)”；D項(xiàng)“吝嗇的，過(guò)度節(jié)儉”，因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

3.單選題

In（

）oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adoption

B.admiration

C.application

D.imitation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)adoption“采用、收養(yǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)admiration“欽佩、贊賞”；C選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用、申請(qǐng)”；D選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短語(yǔ)的意思是“模仿”，句意為：即使10歲大的女孩子也開(kāi)始模仿年齡大點(diǎn)的女孩涂唇膏和化妝。故正確答案選D。

4.單選題

Herdairywasfulloftheinsignificant,happydailythathadmadeupherlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuits

B.trifles

C.trivial

D.premise

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pursuitsn.追求；B選項(xiàng)triflesn.瑣事，雞毛蒜皮的；C選項(xiàng)trivialadj.不重要的，瑣碎的；D選項(xiàng)premisen.假定，前提。根據(jù)句意可知，她的日記中記載著許多微不足道卻又快樂(lè)的生活瑣事。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Iscnberg'srecentresearchonseniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontoby-passin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isindispensablefromacting.Sincemangersoften“know”whatrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actioncycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

GiventhegreatUncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/issuecyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysisincludesallofthefollowing

EXCEPT（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

to（）.

3.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabout“writersonmanagement"mentionedinthe

Para.2?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies“an‘Aha’experience"asitispresentedinthePara.2?

5.Thepassageprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

B.establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecision

C.comparisonoftheprobableeffectsofdifferentsolutionstoaproblem

D.actionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutaproblem

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.identifyaproblem

B.stipulatecleargoals

C.evaluatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusiononwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.?

C.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

D.Theyhavenotacknowledgedtheroleofintuitioninmanagerialpractice.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.

B.Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.

C.Amanagerswiftlydecideswhichofseveralsetsoftacticstoimplementinordertodealwiththecontingenciessuggestedbyaproblem.

D.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Managerssometimescannotjustifytheirintuitiveactions.

B.Logicalanalysisofaproblemincreasesthenumberofpossiblesolutions.

C.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

D.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.多數(shù)成功的高級(jí)管理人員并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循經(jīng)典的決策分析模型，即首先明確目標(biāo)，評(píng)估問(wèn)題，制定選擇，估計(jì)成功的可能性，做出決定，然后采取行動(dòng)執(zhí)行決定?！笨芍狝BC三項(xiàng)均為經(jīng)典決策分析法，D項(xiàng)“為發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)問(wèn)題的更多信息而采取的行動(dòng)”屬于高級(jí)管理人員運(yùn)用直覺(jué)分析的方法。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.相反，在他們?nèi)粘５膽?zhàn)術(shù)演習(xí)中，這些高級(jí)管理人員依靠被模糊地稱(chēng)為“直覺(jué)”的東西來(lái)管理一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的問(wèn)題網(wǎng)絡(luò)，要求他們處理模棱兩可、不一致、新奇和驚奇;并將行動(dòng)融入到思考的過(guò)程中?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“制定清晰的目標(biāo)”不是高級(jí)管理人員運(yùn)用直覺(jué)的目的。”正確。ACD三項(xiàng)在文中都有體現(xiàn)。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.幾代管理方面的作家都認(rèn)識(shí)到，一些實(shí)踐中的管理者嚴(yán)重依賴直覺(jué)。然而，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這些作家對(duì)直覺(jué)的理解很差?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時(shí)是如何使用直覺(jué)的。”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.直覺(jué)的第三個(gè)功能是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)踐整合成一個(gè)完整的畫(huà)面，通常是“啊哈!”經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”可知Aha經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)整合成一個(gè)完整的畫(huà)面。故D項(xiàng)“一位經(jīng)理突然將看似不相關(guān)的事實(shí)和經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來(lái)，從而創(chuàng)造出與手頭問(wèn)題相關(guān)的模式?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.首先，他們直覺(jué)地感覺(jué)到問(wèn)題的存在。第二，管理者依靠直覺(jué)快速地執(zhí)行經(jīng)過(guò)良好學(xué)習(xí)的行為模式。這種直覺(jué)不是武斷的或非理性的，而是建立在多年艱苦的實(shí)踐和建立技能的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“直覺(jué)使管理者更有效地運(yùn)用他們的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”正確。

6.單選題

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno（

）thispervasiveviewofselection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.biastoward

B.criticismof

C.basisfor

D.precursorsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。biastoward“對(duì)······的偏見(jiàn)”；criticismof“對(duì)······的批評(píng)”；basisfor“······的基礎(chǔ)”；precursorsof“······的先驅(qū)者”。句意：在大約1960年以前，幾乎所有對(duì)進(jìn)化的解釋都假定大多數(shù)的適應(yīng)是在群體數(shù)量水平基礎(chǔ)上選擇的產(chǎn)物，但是，近來(lái)對(duì)于進(jìn)化的研究沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種普遍深入的選擇觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知空格處與前述內(nèi)容意思相反。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中國(guó)，平均每天有24萬(wàn)人成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新用戶，平均每400個(gè)中國(guó)人就擁有一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度，再過(guò)兩年，中國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者將超過(guò)5億，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對(duì)于一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國(guó)人民從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)受益匪淺。在中國(guó)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正廣泛應(yīng)用于電子政務(wù)、電子商務(wù)、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。電子商務(wù)在中國(guó)快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)電子商務(wù)交易總額在過(guò)去5年保持45%以上的年均增長(zhǎng)速度，2008年超過(guò)4600億美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

8.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.

4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

C.isutilizedbyman

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人只有在________的時(shí)候才具有科技的特質(zhì)。

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理對(duì)象

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.滿足不同目的

C.isutilizedbymanC.被人類(lèi)使用

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都有用

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句，該處講到“一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對(duì)象，也是文化對(duì)象。在人類(lèi)使用長(zhǎng)矛狩獵或機(jī)器人制造機(jī)器部件之前（humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts），它們都不過(guò)是一塊物體。”，可知矛或機(jī)器人只有被人使用的時(shí)候才具有科技特性，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“被用作文化和物理對(duì)象”：由解題思路可知“一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對(duì)象，也是文化對(duì)象”，但是它們只有被人使用時(shí)才具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“滿足不同目的”：文中沒(méi)有提到其條件是滿足不同目的，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都有用”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句“對(duì)于鳥(niǎo)（bird）來(lái)說(shuō)，找一個(gè)棲息的物體，矛或機(jī)器人也能起到同樣的作用（thepurposeequallywell）?！保鼈兂藢?duì)人類(lèi)有用，對(duì)動(dòng)物也是如此，但這不等同于有用就是具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)和切爾諾貝利的例子說(shuō)明了________。

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會(huì)被用來(lái)毀滅我們的世界

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造的，所以我們要對(duì)它負(fù)責(zé)

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制，科技通常會(huì)出錯(cuò)

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作為人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯(cuò)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)（Challenger）航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利（Chernobyl）核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化”，結(jié)合該段第六句“既然科技是人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物（humancreation），我們要對(duì)用它來(lái)做什么負(fù)責(zé)（responsible）。”，可知作者用這兩個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造了科技，就要對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會(huì)被用來(lái)毀滅我們的世界”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“悲觀主義者擔(dān)心（Pessimistsworry），我們最終會(huì)用我們的技術(shù)把我們的世界和我們自己炸成碎片?！保约霸摱巫詈笠痪洹翱萍紝?duì)我們生活的影響值得更仔細(xì)地研究（closerexamination）”，倒數(shù)第四句以悲觀者的擔(dān)心點(diǎn)出對(duì)科技負(fù)責(zé)的重要性，最后一句總結(jié)上文擔(dān)心科技造成危害以及帶來(lái)繁榮的不同觀點(diǎn)，而不是說(shuō)如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技就會(huì)毀滅世界，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“如果不受人操控，科技通常會(huì)出錯(cuò)”：文中沒(méi)有提到科技沒(méi)有人操控的時(shí)候經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“作為人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯(cuò)”：文中沒(méi)有提到科技很容易出錯(cuò)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者認(rèn)為，計(jì)算機(jī)的引入是一場(chǎng)革命，主要是因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.計(jì)算機(jī)徹底改變了人類(lèi)的思維方式

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeB.計(jì)算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyC.它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsocietyD.它對(duì)社會(huì)有巨大的潛在影響

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞revolution定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“沒(méi)有什么技術(shù)發(fā)展比計(jì)算機(jī)革命（computerrevolution）對(duì)我們生活的影響更大（greaterimpactonourlives）?！保坏谌蔚箶?shù)第二句“工業(yè)革命具有革命性的主要原因是它導(dǎo)致了巨大的社會(huì)變革（greatsocialchange）?！碧岬焦I(yè)革命被視為革命的原因是極大地改變了社會(huì)；結(jié)合第四段第一句和最后一句“與此類(lèi)似（Insomewhatsimilarfashion），計(jì)算機(jī)有希望徹底改變（promisetorevolutionize）美國(guó)人的生活結(jié)構(gòu)……計(jì)算機(jī)解決問(wèn)題和做決定的能力代表了它最大的潛力（greatestpotential）”，作者把計(jì)算機(jī)革命和工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行類(lèi)比，表明計(jì)算機(jī)革命具有改變社會(huì)的巨大潛力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)徹底改變了人類(lèi)的思維方式”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“計(jì)算機(jī)解放了人類(lèi)的思維（freethehumanmind），在知識(shí)和交流方面開(kāi)辟了新的可能性?！?，計(jì)算機(jī)解放了人的思維，但沒(méi)有到徹底改變的程度，屬于推理過(guò)度；

B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句“科學(xué)家和工程師設(shè)計(jì)了專(zhuān)門(mén)的機(jī)器（machines），這些機(jī)器可以完成曾經(jīng)只有人類(lèi)可以完成的任務(wù)（tasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo）?！保@里指的是機(jī)器，而非計(jì)算機(jī)，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句“向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變（switchtoaninformation-basedeconomy）與其他重大歷史里程碑，尤其是工業(yè)革命，屬于同一陣營(yíng)。”，這里轉(zhuǎn)向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)本身不是稱(chēng)為革命的原因，其原因是隨之而來(lái)的巨大影響，主次顛倒，屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.作者用的短語(yǔ)“科技的人性化特質(zhì)”（第二段）指的是科技________。

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworldA.在自然界中不存在

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureB.具有人類(lèi)本性的一些特征

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindC.可以代替人類(lèi)思想的某些方面

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeD.對(duì)人類(lèi)生活有巨大影響

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞thehumanqualityoftechnology定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）”；該段第一句“我們最好提醒自己，科技是人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造；它不是自然存在的（notexistnaturally）?！保@一句拋出論點(diǎn)，隨即用矛與機(jī)器、挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)與切爾諾貝利的例子佐證，證明科技由人創(chuàng)造，其人性化特質(zhì)說(shuō)明科技不是自然存在的，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“具有人性的一些特征”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第五句“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）；在這些案例中，規(guī)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然失控（haywire），沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的人手使其恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（noreadyhandtosetthemright）?！保@里的人性化特質(zhì)指的是需要由人操控，而不是科技具有人類(lèi)的本性，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“可以代替人類(lèi)思想的某些方面”：對(duì)應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二句“計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)電子手段取代了人類(lèi)思維的某些方面（replacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeings）”，這里是在說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的作用，而不是解釋題干中的短語(yǔ)意思，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類(lèi)生活有巨大影響”：本選項(xiàng)和題干中短語(yǔ)的意思無(wú)關(guān)，屬于偷換概念。

9.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot（

）extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”；since“自…以來(lái)”；after“在…之后”；as“因?yàn)椤?。句意：盡管這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)最終得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災(zāi)已經(jīng)造成了大量損害，大量損害發(fā)生在前，火災(zāi)控制在后。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasesuchaspoliomeasles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasemaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiring,vitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachine,ourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencebroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientistsandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety;however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycompriseoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe（）.

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate（）.

3.Nothing，accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.people'signoranceoftheirculture

B.people'signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people'smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出：Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline…(沒(méi)有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進(jìn)步，我們的生活水平就會(huì)下降)，由此推斷C項(xiàng)“有了科學(xué)，我們的生活水平才得以提高”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第二段開(kāi)頭指出：Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances(醫(yī)療保健是社會(huì)的一個(gè)方面，它將我們與古老的祖先區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上)，后面又以疫苗為例，其實(shí)是為了論證本文主題：科學(xué)對(duì)社會(huì)的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出：此外，科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)明出也許是世界歷史上最令人敬畏、最重要的發(fā)明——計(jì)算機(jī)。沒(méi)有這臺(tái)機(jī)器，世界的確可以存著，但是計(jì)算機(jī)給生活帶來(lái)的便利是無(wú)與倫比的。因此C項(xiàng)“益處，用處”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段開(kāi)頭指出：盡管如今的創(chuàng)新者和科學(xué)家奉獻(xiàn)了他們的偉大成就和成果，但我們有必要審查（重視）科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利，這在我們的文化中往往是被公然漠視的。后面作者又舉例說(shuō)明是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了燈泡、電、電話等必需品。因此，B項(xiàng)“人們忽視了科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利”正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通篇都在強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)對(duì)我們的意義和重要性，通過(guò)“scienceistheessenceofourexistence”以及“Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的語(yǔ)氣是感激的，欣賞的。故選C。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

11.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassa