考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（無(wú)處不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斬首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的進(jìn)步、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及和新聞報(bào)道的擴(kuò)散，這種心理戰(zhàn)的交戰(zhàn)規(guī)則已經(jīng)改變）可知D選項(xiàng)“媒體的繁榮”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.（相反，這些攻擊的目的是灌輸一種比實(shí)際威脅本身更大的恐懼感）可知C選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生更大的恐懼感”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.（將恐怖主義作為一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)是基于制造一種與實(shí)際威脅不相稱的恐懼氣氛）可知C選項(xiàng)“使用恐怖主義是為了激起比實(shí)際威脅更具破壞性的恐懼”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第六段中的Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.（關(guān)鍵不是你做了什么，而是它的報(bào)道方式?jīng)Q定了效果）可知A選項(xiàng)“手段決定效果”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出恐怖活動(dòng)；第二段引出心理戰(zhàn)；第三至六段介紹了心理戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的影響比實(shí)際威脅更大；第五段介紹了伊朗人質(zhì)危機(jī)給美國(guó)人帶來(lái)的心理創(chuàng)傷；第六段介紹了恐怖分子隨機(jī)性和普遍性給人心理上產(chǎn)出更大的威脅；第七段介紹了恐怖組織利用心理戰(zhàn)作戰(zhàn)；最后一段引用Haroun的話，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的影響。因此A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)的巨大影響”符合題意。

2.單選題

Mary'smotherhadto（

）herdressbecauseMaryisgrowingsotall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.letoff

B.letgo

C.letout

D.letloose

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。letoff意為“讓……下車(chē)，引爆”；letgo意為“放開(kāi)，釋放，發(fā)射”；letout意為“泄露，放大，出租”；letloose意為“釋放，放出，放任”。

句意：瑪麗的母親不得不把瑪麗的衣服改大，因?yàn)楝旣愰L(zhǎng)得很高。

3.單選題

Theremarkable（

）oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwinto

establishhistheoryofevolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。classification“分類(lèi)，類(lèi)別”；variety“多樣化”；density“密度”；diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生物顯著的多樣性激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論。由后半句“激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論”可推知該島上的生物是多樣的。答案B

4.單選題

Thatterribledaywillbedeeply（）inthechildren’smemory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.included

B.embraced

C.embedded

D.removed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)included“包括”；B選項(xiàng)embraced“包含；擁抱”；C選項(xiàng)embedded“使嵌入；使深留腦中”；D選項(xiàng)removed“去掉；移除”。句意：那可怕的一天將……在孩子們的記憶中。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)Thatterribleday“那可怕的一天”，可知這份記憶是深刻的而且不美好，深深烙印在孩子們的記憶里。beembeddedin“嵌入；扎根于”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Nomatterhowfrequently（）,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞用法。nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后接形容詞、分詞或副詞，表示“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”。本題中動(dòng)詞“perform”的邏輯主語(yǔ)是“theworksofBeethoven”，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“貝多芬的作品被演奏”，因而要用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Nomatterhowoftenrepeated，therumorisnottrue。（謠言無(wú)論被重復(fù)多少次也不是真的。）選項(xiàng)D用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故D選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：盡管貝多芬的作品經(jīng)常被演奏，它們還是吸引大批聽(tīng)眾。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNational

Biography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor.ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,0001ives，some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetoTheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome1009000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomuch.50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremayinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin.Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristies(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.TherehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecordedhisbiographercomments.“WhetherornotHugewasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility”.Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBN’s3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks,“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin)andevenmanagedtogivethankstoJ.W.Clerkeasacontributor.Though,asalatereditionadmitsinashamefacedfootnote,“exceptfortheentryintheListofcontributorsthereisnotraceofJ.W.Clerke”.

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume（

）.

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat（

）.

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB（

）.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentriesinthelastparagraphto（

）.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.s

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditor’smistake

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAge

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義理解題。作者在第一段提到“人們?yōu)槭裁匆?gòu)買(mǎi)不斷增補(bǔ)的《全國(guó)名人傳記辭典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些評(píng)論家一樣認(rèn)為這本辭典不好。但是，它的價(jià)格高達(dá)65英鎊，而且，你買(mǎi)了其他卷冊(cè)了嗎？你需要22卷基礎(chǔ)冊(cè)，加上每?jī)赡瓿霭娴脑鲇喚?，要買(mǎi)齊整套書(shū)就要買(mǎi)31冊(cè)?！边@里的含義是，這本辭典每?jī)赡甓家霭嬖鲅a(bǔ)卷，除非你全部都買(mǎi)了，否則購(gòu)買(mǎi)最新一卷就沒(méi)有意思。所以C選項(xiàng)‘除非你收藏了所有的書(shū)’正確。A“不值得它的售價(jià)”也是原因之一，卻不是主要原因。B“相比之前的版本，它收錄的詞條更少?！迸c文章意思不符。C“除非增訂版名人傳記縮短出版時(shí)間”在文章中沒(méi)有提及。

2.語(yǔ)義理解題。文章第三段開(kāi)頭提到了“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.關(guān)于選錄誰(shuí)的問(wèn)題，這是讀者提出的問(wèn)題，并且他們還將提出這樣的問(wèn)題?！保白锓傅娜脒x讓人擔(dān)心...”，但是Crippen卻沒(méi)有當(dāng)作值得一提的人物收錄其中；第四段，作者提到‘ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.TherehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.值得被收入的人選被意外地沒(méi)有收錄，卻有很多中世紀(jì)生平不詳?shù)乃囆g(shù)家和建筑家。‘因此作者想表達(dá)的是編輯在選錄人選上沒(méi)有合理的根據(jù)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。作者在第三段舉出Crippen的例子，正是為了說(shuō)明Crippen應(yīng)該收錄進(jìn)名人傳記，然后卻沒(méi)有。作者自己也沒(méi)有找出原因。所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.語(yǔ)義理解題。作者在最后一段提到了辭典中包括的幾個(gè)生平不詳，而且是他認(rèn)為被莫名其妙地收錄辭典的人，用以說(shuō)明他在第四段提到觀點(diǎn)，編輯在收錄人選時(shí)沒(méi)有合理的根據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.作者觀點(diǎn)題。作者全文都在批評(píng)名人傳記一書(shū)，所以A選項(xiàng)“贊美”，B選項(xiàng)“支持”，D選項(xiàng)“充滿仇恨的”排除，選項(xiàng)C“諷刺的”符合題意。

7.單選題

Thereisagreat（）instrengthbetweenthetwoteams.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disparity

B.deficiency

C.disparagement

D.disrelation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disparity“不同；不一致”；B選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷，缺點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)disparagement“輕蔑；輕視”；D選項(xiàng)disrelation“不相干；沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的聯(lián)系”。句意：兩隊(duì)力量懸殊。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thereissomediscrepancybetweenhisexplanationofthetheoryandyours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.discredit

C.disparity

D.disjunction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別”；B選項(xiàng)discredit“懷疑”；C選項(xiàng)disparity“不一致”；D選項(xiàng)disjunction“分離”。句意：他對(duì)這個(gè)理論的解釋和你的不一致。劃線部分discrepancy是不一致的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuade“說(shuō)服”；B選項(xiàng)concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而（）；他是那種喜歡對(duì)別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而氣餒”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困，包圍”；A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查，測(cè)量”，C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項(xiàng)surrender“投降，放棄”。句意：從羅馬淪陷開(kāi)始的那個(gè)月，也見(jiàn)證了其他城市的淪陷，德國(guó)要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

11.填空題

Ann（1）bominLondonbutshe（2）upinScotland

【答案】1.was

2.grew

【解析】1.固定搭配。Bebornin出生于。這里應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

2.固定搭配。growup成長(zhǎng)。

12.單選題

（

）theissueofslaveryandracehasbeenfundamentalinAmerica’sdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Promoting

B.Confronting

C.Conquering

D.Measuring

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：美國(guó)發(fā)展中所面臨的最基本的問(wèn)題是奴隸制與種族問(wèn)題。promote“提升”；confront“面臨”；conquer“戰(zhàn)勝”；measure“測(cè)量”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Britain’spressisunusual（）itisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:thequalitypressandthepopularpress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhow

B.inwhat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格后為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表原因。inthat相當(dāng)于because，可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：英國(guó)的報(bào)紙不同尋常之處在于，它被分為兩種截然不同的報(bào)紙:嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙和大眾報(bào)紙。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Mr.Smithissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohaveleft

B.havingleft

C.toleave

D.tobeleaving

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。besupposedtodosth.為固定用法,

意為應(yīng)該做某事,

所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A表示“已經(jīng)離開(kāi)”,

選項(xiàng)C表示“準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)”,

選項(xiàng)D表示“正在離開(kāi)”。根據(jù)句意：史密斯先生應(yīng)該上個(gè)星期就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)去意大利了,

選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)contract“收縮、訂約”；B項(xiàng)reduce“減少”；C項(xiàng)condense“濃縮、凝結(jié)”；D項(xiàng)compress“壓縮、壓緊、精簡(jiǎn)”；句意：熱金屬一變冷就收縮。因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

16.填空題

Thesedrugs________alertness,elevatemood,anddecreasefatigueandtheneedforsleep,buttheyoftenmakeusersirritableandtalkative.(height)

【答案】heighten

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】Thesedrugs為句子主語(yǔ)，橫線處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，這里先列出了這些藥物的治療功效，然后列出藥物副作用，其中一個(gè)功效就是_____警覺(jué)性，heighten的意思為“（使）加強(qiáng)，提高，增加”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】這些藥物會(huì)提高警覺(jué)性，改善情緒，減少疲勞和睡眠需求，但它們往往讓服用者易怒并且健談。

17.單選題

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress

1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP

B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness

C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

D.hadalowopinionofGDP

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

B.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

C.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator

B.Itissponsoredby163countries.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable

D.Itsresultareenlightening

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.Klesson

B.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”提到肯尼迪對(duì)于GDP的看法，他說(shuō)一個(gè)國(guó)家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命變得有價(jià)值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是沒(méi)有意義的?？梢?jiàn)他對(duì)GDP是持否定態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段以英國(guó)為例來(lái)說(shuō)明GDP數(shù)值好并不代表國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)好，也不代表國(guó)民的生活好，不然為什么會(huì)有那么多人支持脫歐（Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?）選項(xiàng)C“GDP作為衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在英國(guó)不被廣泛認(rèn)同”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion提到最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于各國(guó)及其將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化為福利的能力的年度研究揭示了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，“結(jié)果具有啟發(fā)性”。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段再一次提到肯尼迪對(duì)GDP的看法，他指的是盡管?chē)?guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是衡量各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的最常用方法，但作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這已經(jīng)不夠了。它沒(méi)有把其他一些重要的因素比如環(huán)境質(zhì)量或教育成果包括進(jìn)來(lái)，由此可以推測(cè)選項(xiàng)C符合題意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考慮進(jìn)來(lái)”。

5.文章第一段通過(guò)肯尼迪對(duì)于GDP的消極觀點(diǎn)引出原文，并通過(guò)英國(guó)脫歐這個(gè)案例來(lái)引出考慮GDP這個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制的好壞。接下來(lái)通過(guò)英國(guó)的例子指出GDP好并不代表國(guó)家發(fā)展好。最后指出這是每一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要得到的教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)A“英國(guó)的教訓(xùn)——高GDP，低幸?！狈项}意。

18.單選題

Readersarerequiredtocomplywiththerulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.observet

B.memorizet

C.commentt

D.request

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。complywith表示“照做，遵守”；A項(xiàng)observe“觀察，遵守”，B項(xiàng)memorize“記住，背熟”，C項(xiàng)comment“發(fā)表評(píng)論，發(fā)表意見(jiàn)”，D項(xiàng)request“要求，請(qǐng)求”。句意：讀者應(yīng)遵守圖書(shū)館的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，注意自己的行為舉止。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Nohumanbeingis（

），butAlistairAldingtonmadeveryfewmistakes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallacious

B.false

C.plausible

D.infallible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。fallacious意為“(思想、論據(jù)、道理)謬誤的，錯(cuò)誤的”；false意為“錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的，偽造的”；plausible意為“(借口或解釋)有道理的，花言巧語(yǔ)的”；infallible意為“永無(wú)過(guò)失的，一貫正確的，絕對(duì)可靠的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選D。

句意：沒(méi)有人是永不犯錯(cuò)的，但AlistairAldington很少犯錯(cuò)誤。

20.單選題

An（）ofthemoonhasrevealednoevidenceoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploration

B.explanation

C.interview

D.invasion

【答案】A

【解析】句意:月球勘探已經(jīng)表明月球無(wú)生命跡象。

考查名詞辨析。exploration探索，勘探，探測(cè)；explanation解釋；interview面試；invasion侵入。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe______toit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.fastened

C.bound

D.stuck

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)connected“連接；聯(lián)合；關(guān)聯(lián)；鏈接”；B選項(xiàng)fastened“使固定；集中于；扎牢；強(qiáng)加于；扣緊；抓?。患凶⒁饬Α?；C選項(xiàng)bound“跳躍著跑；彈回，彈開(kāi)；形成……的邊界；關(guān)，圍入；限制，束縛”；D選項(xiàng)stuck“刺，戳；伸出；粘貼；堅(jiān)持；伸出；粘住”。句意：我支持你的決定，但是我得說(shuō)明，我不打算受它約束。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟(jì)，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會(huì)和平共處地生活在一起，樹(shù)立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。答案A

23.單選題

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。prospective意為“預(yù)期的”；rewarding意為“值得的”；generous意為“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意為“單調(diào)乏味的”。

句意：我接到幾個(gè)來(lái)自乏味雇主的冗長(zhǎng)的電話，他們對(duì)我很感興趣。

24.單選題

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)（

）thathisgovernmentfell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensation“轟動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)upheaval“動(dòng)亂，劇變”；C選項(xiàng)withdrawal“撤退”；D選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)”。

句意：首相的新稅提案造成了如此大的動(dòng)蕩，以至于他的政府垮臺(tái)了。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

25.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis(1)tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave(2)andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.Thecasualprofessorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill(3)bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeinasubordinateposition,someprofessorstreatthemas(4).However,nomatterhow(5)professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionofauthority.

Professorsmay(6)socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey(7)theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeeonedaywithstudents,buttheother