中國歷史簡介市公開課一等獎省名師優(yōu)質課賽課一等獎課件

ChinaOverview:

ABriefHistoryofChineseDynasties?StudentHandouts,Inc.GeographyofChinaLargerthantheUnitedStatesClimatevariesNorthTemperateandcoldSouthSubtropicalErosionFloodsanddroughtsImportantriversHwangho(YellowRiver)–northYangtzeRiver–centralChinaEnclosedbyhighmountains,hotdeserts,wideoceansAncientHistoryBy4000BCEVillagesettlementsalongHwanghoRiverFarming,stonetools,weapons(bowandarrow),animaldomestication,potteryCirca1500BCEPicturewriting(oldestwritinginexistence)Nowcirca40,000charactersWhataredynasties?Adynastyisaseriesofrulersfromthesamefamily.Historically,royalrulewasdescendedfromfathertoson.DYNASTICCYCLEEmperorcomestopowerandgainstheMandateofHeaven.Upwardrise(wealthandpopulationincrease)topeak.Downwardspiral(naturaldisasters,corruption,etc.).EmperorlosestheMandateofHeaven.Civilwaruntilanewemperor,withtheMandateofHeaven,comestopower.MANDATEOFHEAVEN–DescribedbyphilosopherMenciusBeliefthattheemperorwaschosenbyheaventorule.XIA(a.k.a.HSIA)DYNASTY

(ca.2070-ca.1600BCE)China’sfirstdynastyFoundedbyYuBuiltroadsandirrigationprojectsShangDynasty

(ca.1600-1046BCE)WritingbeganDevelopedbronze,glazedpottery,andsilkindustriesZhou(a.k.a.Chou)Dynasty

(1045-256BCE)InvadedChinafromthenorthwestSetupaloosecentralgovernmentFeudalpowerheldbystrongnoblesPhilosophersConfuciusMencius(hisfollower)Qin(a.k.a.Chin)Dynasty

(221-206BCE)MilitarydictatorshipcentralizedChinaEmperorShihHuangTiDestroyednobles’feudalpowerSystemoftaxationEstablishedweightsandmeasuresGreatWall(1500miles)HanDynasty

(206-220CE)ConquerorsEmpire–centralAsiatoChinaSea,IndochinatoKoreaTradeChinesefruits,silks,andspicesinRome(1stcenturyCE)BuddhismcamefromIndiaCivilservicesystemFirstpapermadeTangDynasty

(618-906CE)400yearsofwarfarebetweenHanandTangdynastiesTangreunitedChinaT’aiTsungEmperorin627CEEducationandgovernmentreformsExtendedboundariesAlliancesandpeacetreatieswithneighborsIndustryandtradeJadeporcelain,andsilkstoArabia,India,Japan,andPersiaSong(a.k.a.Sung)Dynasty

(960-1279)DisorderbetweenTangandSungdynastiesCulturesuperiortothatofmedievalEuropePowerfulonlyinsouthernChinaMongolRule

(1259-1368)CentralAsiannomadsGenghisKhanConqueredAsia,includingChinaKublaiKhanGrandsonofGenghisVisitedbyMarcoPolo(Venetian)Ruledforcirca100yearsCapital–Peking(Beijing)TradewithEuropebegunMingDynasty

(1368-1644)OverthrewMongolsChinesenativesBeautifiedPeking(Beijing)EncouragedtradewithEuropeGaveEuropeans:GunpowderJadePlayingcardsPorcelainSilkTeaQingDynasty(ManchuRule)

(1644-1912)ManchuriansconqueredChina,Indochina,Korea,Mongolia,Tibet,easternTurkestanChinaprosperedWesternpressurebroughtaboutManchuoverthrowin1912EndedwithbirthofChineseRepublicPhilosophyandReligionLateZhou(Chou)period(1100-256BCE)SufferingproducedinfluentialphilosophersLao-Tse(6thcenturyBCE)MenshouldbeleftalonetoworkouttheirownliveswiththefewestpossiblelawsofgovernmentMenshouldmaketheirownlivessimpleanddesirenothing,butshouldsubmittoallthatcomesinlifeTaoismConfucius

(551-479BCE)ConsideredChina’sgreatestphilosopherEthics–correctwaytoliveHumannature–goodMenshouldbekind,tolerant,andlovetheireldersandancestors(filialpiety)Goldenrule:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothaveothersdotoyou.”AnalectsConfucianism–codeofbehaviorandreligionEducation,goodmanners,rightmorals,respectforothers,loveoftradition,obediencetoone’sparentsCultureLiterature,poetry,history,philosophyTangdynasty–poetLiPoPrintinginvented–booksproducedcheaplyingreatnumbersPaper–1stcenturyBCE“China”or“Chinaware”KnownforglazedpotteryandporcelainMusicPaintingsScience1000-1500CE–civilizationsuperiortothatofme