中考英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)-名詞市公開課一等獎省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎?wù)n件

Revisionof

GoForIt

九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)

Nouns名詞

熟記已學(xué)過名詞；

掌握慣用名詞數(shù)改變；

掌握名詞全部格組成及其改變；

掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞區(qū)分及使用方法。

中考考查形式：選擇題、單詞拼寫及選詞填空題、完成句子

復(fù)習(xí)策略

CHUSANYINGYUZONGFUXI

初三英語總復(fù)習(xí)NOUN.考點揭密1.掌握名詞概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)組成、使用方法；名詞全部格組成方法及使用方法；3.了解名詞在句中功效，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語使用方法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞使用方法區(qū)分，并熟練利用，如：family,home,house;work,job等

名詞數(shù)名詞全部格名詞改變可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞NOUN.名詞能夠分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：

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|專有名詞|

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|名|

|個體名詞|

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|可數(shù)名詞|

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集體名詞|

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|普通名詞|

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|詞|

|物質(zhì)名詞|

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|不可數(shù)名詞|

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|抽象名詞|

|1）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中個體，如：gun。2）集體名詞：表示若干個個體組成集合體，如：family。3物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個體實物,如air。4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。個體名詞和集體名詞能夠用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞普通無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。

專有名詞表示個別人、事物、地點等專有名稱。專有名詞第一個字母要大寫

*Lucy*China*TheSummerPalace普通名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

★可數(shù)名詞表示人、事物、地點等名稱?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式之分

名詞單數(shù)形式普通可用a來修飾

*acar*abook

在元音發(fā)音開頭單詞前用

an

*anelephant*anapple

請區(qū)分：auseful

machine

要點考點聚焦flowerflowers找規(guī)律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN.名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

1.復(fù)數(shù)形式組成方法

(1)普通在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/

*

dog–dogs

*

book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾名詞加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches

(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾名詞,變y為i加“es”/iz/

*country–countries

*factory–factories

請區(qū)分：假如是元音字母加y結(jié)尾名詞則只須加“s”

*boy–boys

twoMarys

theHenrys

holiday---holidays

*monkey–monkeys

要點考點聚焦找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.radiosphotos找規(guī)律zoospianosNOUN.(4)以o結(jié)尾名詞加“s”/z/

*radio–radios*zoo–zoos

只有potatotomato加“es”組成復(fù)數(shù)

potato–potatoestomato–tomatoeszero---zeros/zeroes。

(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾名詞,變f、fe

為v再加“es”/vz/roof---roofs

*half

–halves*shelf

–shelves

*knife

–knives*leaf

–leaves

2.特殊改變單詞

(1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepdeer—deerli，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式

(2)變元音字母oo為ee

tooth–teethfoot–feet不規(guī)則改變child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geeseNOUN.3.變man為

men

man–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen

請區(qū)分：German(德國人)–Germans

4.其它形式

child–

childrenmouse–

mice

5.一些合成名詞復(fù)數(shù)組成份兩種情況

(1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

girlfriend–girlfriends

grandchild–grandchildren

(2)man,woman

組成合成詞，每個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)

amandoctor–mendoctors

awomanteacher–womenteachers以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)名詞，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，普通是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b.news為不可數(shù)名詞。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。比如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣故事書。6.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)名詞

peopleclothespolice

trousersglasses

這些名詞作主語時，注意它們謂語用復(fù)數(shù)

*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.*Thepoliceoftencomehere.1）表示由兩部分組成東西，如：glasses（眼鏡）trousers,

clothes等，若表示詳細數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair（對，雙）;

suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。2）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示尤其意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚

7.可用howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,some，alotof等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

*Thereareafew

peopleinthepark.*Howmany

knivesarethereinyourpencil-box?★不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞如:water，rice，fish，meat等。尤其記住housework

workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時常看成單數(shù)

*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.慣用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞

*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.3.慣用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等來表示不可數(shù)名詞量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of

前面名詞上，而

of后一直是單數(shù)

*Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.abottleof

juiceaglassof

orangetwoboxesof

milk不可數(shù)名詞注意：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示，

of后用復(fù)數(shù)

*Therearetwobagsofclothesoverthere.*Wehavefiveboxesofapples.

4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個詞，但意思不一樣

(1)glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)–apaper(報紙)

work(工作)–awork(著作)room(空間)–aroom(房間)(2)fruit(水果)–fruits(各種水果)fish(魚)–fishes(各種魚)hair(全部頭發(fā))–hairs(幾根頭發(fā))time(時間)–times(時代)名詞普通使用方法★名詞做定語

1.修飾另一名詞時,普通用單數(shù)

*Hehastwopencil-boxes.*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定語時,應(yīng)與后面名詞保持數(shù)一致

*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定語時,仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式

*asportsfield*aclothesshop4.

當數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時，單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。

*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.★名詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意名詞數(shù)，防止主謂不一致。

*Herfamilyis

alargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.

她家是一個大家庭,她家人都是老師。

*Thereis

apairofglassesonthedesk.

桌上有一副眼鏡名詞全部格

表示名詞間所相關(guān)系“…”一.名詞全部格組成方法

1.單數(shù)名詞后加“’s”

*Tom’sbook*myfriend’suncle

2.以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“’”即可

*Teachers’Day*twoweeks’holiday3.不以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞全部格,仍按通例加“’

s”

*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.用of加名詞，組成所屬關(guān)系短語，主要用于表示無生命名詞所相關(guān)系

*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom二.名詞全部格幾個注意點

1.可用名詞全部格表示地點,地點名詞習(xí)慣上省略

*myaunt’s

(home）

(我姑姑家）

*

gototheteachers’

(office）

(去老師辦公室）

2.有些名詞全部格可用兩種形式

*thecat’sname/thenameofthecat*China’scapital/thecapitalof

China3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最終一個名詞后加“’s”

*LucyandLily’sroom

露西和莉莉房間（兩人共有一間房間）

請區(qū)分:

Lucy’sandLily’srooms

露西房間和莉莉房間（兩人各有一間房間）看例題識全部格1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.BeijingisChina’scapital.2.ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.BobandLucy’ssisterisanurse.

3.TheseareTom’sandLily’sbags.4.Sheisthetwoboys’mother.5.thedooroftheroomtheleavesofthetree6.thegirl’sname=thenameofthegirl7.Heisafriendofmybrother’s.……練習(xí)Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.isisisisam6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehas練習(xí)1.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyare______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？

—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwenty

walk.

A．minute's

B．minutes

C．minutes'

3.Therearethree

inmyfamily.

A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurther

inourcity.A.education B.informationC.science5.Thisis

bedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例題解析CCAAB(

)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.oneB.apiece C.a D.apieceof

(

)2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass

()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe

_____800metreraceyesterday.

A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s.

(

)4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies

(

)5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs

DDBAC()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothers B.brother’s C.brothers’ D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish. A.businessletter B.businessletters C.businesses D.businessesletters()8._____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used(

)9.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.

A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoe

C.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe______?

A.men'sroom B.mens'room C.men'srooms D.menrooms

BBDAA依據(jù)所給單詞正確形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon

.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe

.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof

.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir

.(photo)6.Arethereany

inthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelve

inayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome

?(tomato)9.Lookatthose

intheboats!(people)10.Look!The

aresinging.(woman)11.September10this

Day.(teacher)12.Jimhassome

.(knife)13.Howmucharethese

?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_______walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)

ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’s【例1】TodayisSeptember10th.It's_____Day.

A.TeachersB.Teachers'

C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's經(jīng)典例題解析【例2】I'mafraidthatthereisno_________foryouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.

A.landB.ground

C.roomD.floorBC

【例3】TheseGermanswanttohavesome_________forsupper,sotheydecidetocatch______now.

A.fish,manyB.fishes,much

C.fish,muchD.fishes,many

【例4】Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_________,please?

A.somebreadB.somewater

C.somecakesD.someeggs【例5】Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.

A.childB.boy

C.boysD.childs

ABCⅠ.將以下詞組譯成英語1.三雙鞋________________________2.二十個女教師___________________________3.兩瓶橘汁___________________________4.Tom父親一個朋友_____________________5.少年宮________________________

課時訓(xùn)練therepairsofshoestwentywomenteacherstwobottlesoforangejuiceafriendofTom'sfather'stheChildren'sPalace1.Therich_________notalwayshappy.

A.areB.is

C.haveD.has2.InBritain,_________areallpaintedred.

A.letterboxesB.lettersboxes

C.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，Germen

C.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.

A.homeB.family

C.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_________.

A.agoodnews

B.apieceofnews

C.manygoodnews