動(dòng)詞的時(shí)與體課件

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài)、式概說(shuō)

時(shí)（tense)體（aspect）態(tài)（voice）式（mood）next1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)和體時(shí)tense——表示時(shí)間區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)體aspect——?jiǎng)幼髟谝欢〞r(shí)間內(nèi)處于何種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式，有兩種：進(jìn)行體（progressiveaspect）完成體（perfectiveaspect）時(shí)和體相互結(jié)合，組成英語(yǔ)中的8種時(shí)、體形式

nextSimplepresentSimplepastPresentprogressivePastprogressivenextPresentperfectivePastperfectivePresentperfectiveprogressivePastperfectiveprogressive3.陳述句、祈使句、虛擬式式（mood）/語(yǔ)氣：區(qū)別說(shuō)話人以何種口氣說(shuō)話的動(dòng)詞形式

陳述式indicativemood祈使式imperativemood虛擬式subjunctivemoodnextSimplepresentTheearthrotatesonitsaxis.Healwayssleepswithhiswindowsopen.What’sthematterwithyou?Youlookpale.HarperpassestheballtoJennings;Jenningsshootsandthegoalkeeperleapsforitbut---yes,it’sagoal.Ihopeshelikestheflower.Ibetitrainstomorrow.I’llseetoitthatyoudon’tgetlost.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llgotothecountryside.Alicetellsmeyou’reenteringcollegenextyear.nextSimplepastHelefttenminutesago.Inthosedaystheysowedwheatbyhand.HelivedinShanghaifor20years.HehaslivedinShanghaifor20years.A:Didyouwantme?B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.6.It’stimeyouhadaholiday.7.Iwishyoulivedclosertous.8.IfonlyIwererich.9.IfIhadthemoneynow,I’dbuyacar.nextTheFarmerandtheDonkeyOnedayafarmer’sdonkeyfelldownintoawell.Theanimalcriedpiteouslyforhoursasthefarmertriedtofigureoutwhattodo.Finallyhedecidedtheanimalwasoldandthewellneededtobecoveredupanywayanditjustwasn’tworthittoretrievethedonkey.Heinvitedallhisneighbourstocomeoverandhelphim.Theyallgrabbedashovelandbegantoshoveldirtintothewell.Atfirst,thedonkeyrealizedwhatwashappeningandcriedhorribly.Then,toeveryone’samazement,hequieteddown.Afewshovelloadslater,thefarmerfinallylookeddownthewellandwasastonishedatwhathesaw.WitheveryshovelofdirtthathithisnextRememberthefivesimplerulestobehappy:Freeyourheartfromhatred.Freeyourmindfromworries.Livesimply.Givemore.Expectless.nextThevisitBecky’sgrandsonandhiswifearecomingtovisitherforthefirsttime.Sosheisgivinghimthedirectionstoherflat.“YoucometothefrontdooroftheGoldersGreenblockofflats.Iaminflatnumber32onthe14thfloor.Atthefrontdoor,you’llseeabigpanelofbuttons.Withyourelbowpushbutton32.Iwillbuzzyouin.Comeinside,theliftisontheright.Getin,andwithyourelbowhit14.Whenyougetout,Iamontheleft.Withyourelbow,hitmydoorbell.”“Grandma,thatsoundseasybutwhyamIhittingallthesebuttonswithmyelbow?”“You’recomingemptyhanded?”nextPastprogressivevs.simplepast1.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.Theybuiltadamlastwinter.Itrainedallnight.Itwasrainingallnight.Whenwearrived,shewasmakingsomefreshcoffee.Whenwearrived,shemadesomefreshcoffee.WhileIwasdictatingalettertomysecretary,mywiferang.nextMyHusbandWillbeHomeSoonAmarriedmanwasvisitinghis“girlfriend”whensherequestedthatheshavehisbeard.“Oh,James,Ilikeyourbeard,butIwouldreallylovetoseeyourhandsomeface.”Jamesreplied,“Mywifelovesthisbeard,Icouldn’tpossiblydoit,shewouldkillme!”“Oh,please!”thegirlfriendaskedagain,inasexylittlevoice.“Oh,really,Ican’t,”hereplied.“Mywifelovesthisbeard.”

nextMyHusbandWillbeHomeSoonThegirlfriendaskedoncemore,andhesighedandfinallygavein.ThatnightJamescrawledintobedwithhiswifewhileshewassleeping.Thewifewasawakenedsomewhat,felthisfaceandreplied,“Oh,Michael,youshouldn’tbehere,myhusbandwillbehomesoon.”nextPresentperfective已完成用法：動(dòng)作或過(guò)程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，并與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系：He’sturnedoffthelight.未完成用法：動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。He’slivedheresince1960.nextPresentperfectiveprogressive與現(xiàn)在完成體的“未完成”用法相仿I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）體與過(guò)去時(shí)用法比較：HehaslivedinChinafortenyears.HelivedinChinafortenyears.next過(guò)去完成體的想象性用法：表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想用于由if,ifonly,asif引導(dǎo)的分句中Ifonlyyouhadtoldmebefore.2.用于Iwish,I’drather等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的that-分句中IwishIhadsaidthatIcouldn’tcome3.用于expect,think,intend,mean(=intend),want,suppose等動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.next在I