(新高考)高考英語一輪復習課件第2部分 語法專題 專題二 需要變形的名詞、數詞、形容詞和副詞 (含詳解)

專題二

需要變形的名詞、

數詞、形容詞和副詞考點分類突破考點分層演練語法鏈接寫作考點分類突破考點一

名詞考點二

數詞考點三

形容詞和副詞

Mr

Smithisverybusybecauseherunsseveralcompanies①.Heworkssevendays①aweekand12months②ayear.Inhissparetimehelikeswatchingfootballmatches③.Helikeseatingtomatoes④buthedoesn’teatvegetableswithleaves⑤.Hehastwopethorses⑥andheoftenridesthemwithhisfriendsonMrBlack’sfarm⑦becausehethinksthesceneryofthefarm⑧isverybeautiful.MrBlackisafriendofhis⑨，whoraisessomecowsandgoats.考點一名詞一、可數名詞微小說導入微小說導入注釋：1.可數名詞變復數①以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-es；以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，加-s。②以-th結尾的名詞加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch發(fā)音為/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o結尾加-es

的單詞有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe結尾的詞，多變f或fe為v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的單詞，如：屋頂(roof)上的首領(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可數名詞是直接加-s。2.名詞作定語往往是說明其中名詞的材料、用途、時間、地點、內容、類別等。多為單數名詞作定語，但woman，man作定語時，要用復數形式表達復數概念。3.名詞的所有格⑦有生命名詞，不以-s結尾的名詞加-’s；以-s結尾的單數名詞和復數名詞都加-’。⑧無生命名詞，通常用of所有格表示。⑨雙重所有格的構成形式為：“名詞＋of＋名詞所有格”或者“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”。1.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(1)通過內部元音變化構成復數。如：foot—feet腳goose—geese鵝tooth—teeth牙齒mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人woman—women女人(2)有些名詞的單復數形式相同。如：sheep—sheep綿羊deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中國人重難點精析Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物種crossroads—crossroads十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構成復數。如：child—children孩子ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman構成的復合名詞在變成復數時，與man，woman的變化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英國男子policeman—policemen男警察chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手藝人注意：German的復數形式為Germans。(5)外來詞的不規(guī)則復數形式。如：analysis—analyses分析basis—bases基礎crisis—crises危機thesis—theses論文medium—media媒介物phenomenon—phenomena現象2.復合名詞的單復數變化(1)中間沒有連字符也沒有間隔的復合名詞將最后一個詞變成復數形式。birthday—birthdays生日blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves書架gentleman—gentlemen紳士(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復合詞將其中主要的詞變成復數形式。如：bookworm—bookworms

son-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-on

passer-by—passers-by

story-teller—story-tellers(3)無主體名詞時通常在最后一個詞后加復數詞尾。如：grown-up—grown-ups

standby—standbys3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時，若表示不同的所有關系，則分別在兩個名詞后加-’s；如果表示共有關系，則只在最后一個名詞后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate’sandMary’srooms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里atthebarber’s(shop)在理發(fā)店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家單句語法填空1.Theteamwhowonthethreeworld

(championship)wouldalwaysgetthiscup.2.Duringthefestival，whichlaststhreeorfourdays，peoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipateinavarietyofrichandcolourful__________(activity).3.Thebestsolutionmightbetofindthe

(weakness)intheideaandtotryandstrengthenthem，ratherthanusethemsimplyasanexcuseforrejectingthewholeidea.點對點練習1championshipsactivitiesweaknesses4.Timmisandhisteamsetouttoseektheeffectsofphoneuseon_____________(passer-by).5.WeusuallyexpectHollywood

(hero)toshowuponourscreensanddefeatthebadguys.6.Hegoestothe

(barber)tohavehishaircuteverymonth.passers-byheroesbarber’s

Tolearnmoreknowledge①，Ihavetodolotsofhomework①everydayandhavenotime①tohavefun②ordohousework①.LastweekwehadanexambutIdidn’tperformwell.However，myteachersaidthatIhadmadegreatprogress②.Sothisexamisnotafailure③.Onthecontrary，itisasuccess③inaway.二、不可數名詞微小說導入注釋：①不可數名詞沒有復數形式，也不能與不定冠詞連用。②fun，weather，progress，advice，information為永久性不可數名詞，前面不能加不定冠詞，也不能具體化。③抽象名詞具體化：?表示情感、情緒的抽象名詞強調具體的人或事的時候，可以在前面加不定冠詞，如asurprise，acomfort等。?表示“一……”的概念時，常與動詞構成詞組，名詞前常常有形容詞。如haveagoodtime，haveagoodknowledge/commandof等。

不可以用數目計算，多為物質名詞或抽象名詞，沒有復數形式，常見的不可數名詞有：重難點精析fun樂趣homework作業(yè)bread面包wealth財富progress進步equipment設備room空間weather天氣work工作music音樂news新聞meat肉word消息traffic交通luck運氣housework家務milk牛奶advice建議man人類orange橙汁knowledge知識furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息單句語法填空1.Oh，John，what

pleasantsurpriseyougaveus!2.Hegaveussome

(advice)onhowtostudyEnglish.3.Hefeltthatheneededmore

(knowledge)aboutimportandexport.點對點練習2aadviceknowledge單句語法填空1.In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser，whoperformedtheir

(marry)ceremonyin1842.(2021·浙江6月)2.Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)3.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe

(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020·浙江7月)對接高考技法指導解題策略marriageaccuracyseasons4.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno

(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江6月)connection/connections1.根據所處位置判斷是否填入名詞形式。如謂語動詞之前、介詞之后、形容詞之后、冠詞或數詞之后。2.單數可數名詞不能單獨使用，要與冠詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等連用，否則就用復數形式表示復數含義。3.注意固定短語中名詞的單復數。4.注意名詞應該與其修飾語保持數的一致。5.不可數名詞沒有復數形式，不能與不定冠詞連用。技法指導返回考點二數詞微小說導入MisterSmithissixty①yearsoldandyesterdaywashis60th②

birthday.Hestillremembersinthe1990s③whenhewasinhisthirties③，hedrankdozensof④bottlesofbeeraday.However，hespentthousandsof④dollarsinhospital.Later，twofifths⑤ofhissparetimewasspentintakingexercise.注釋：①數詞的基本形式為基數詞。②表示數詞的順序往往用序數詞。大部分是在基數詞的基礎上加-th。以-y結尾的基數詞變序數詞，把-y變成-ie＋-th。③“inthe＋逢十的基數詞的復數”表示“在某個世紀幾十年代”。“inone’s＋逢十的基數詞的復數”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”。④具體數字＋dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million等詞時，后面直接加名詞復數；表示籠統數目時，用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof＋名詞復數。⑤分數表達：分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞。當分子大于1時，分母序數詞加-s，如：1/3：onethird,2/3：twothirds。1.易錯基數詞thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十ninety九十2.易錯序數詞first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九eleventh第十一twelfth第十二重難點精析單句語法填空1.Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis

(thirteen)birthday.2.Two

(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneylandsomewhere.3.Linda，therearetoomanymistakesinthe

(nine)lineofyourpassage.點對點練習thirteenththirdsninth4.Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis

(twenty).5.Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft

(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.twentiesthousands單句語法填空1.Theplumtreesare

firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.(2020·全國Ⅱ)2.Hediditone

(three)thetimeittookme.(北京高考)對接高考技法指導解題策略thethird1.需要使用數詞時，要先看清是使用該詞的基數詞形式還是序數詞形式。2.使用序數詞時，注意前面要有定冠詞the。3.注意固定用法中的數詞的使用及與冠詞、介詞的搭配，如inthe1820s，inhis30s，thousandsof等。技法指導返回Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.考點三形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法微小說導入微小說導入注釋：①修飾名詞，往往用形容詞作定語。②在系動詞之后，往往用形容詞作表語。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語。④在“感官或使役動詞＋賓語”之后，形容詞可以作賓補，說明賓語的狀態(tài)。Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively①nowandsheisquite①movedbyit.Obviously②，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.注釋：①副詞可以描述某個動作的情況或者描述動作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。②副詞可以放在句首，作評論性狀語，修飾整個句子。1.名詞、動詞變形容詞重難點精析2.形容詞變副詞形容詞不同詞尾變副詞加(-ly)的口訣：(一般直接加)

clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加)

true→truly真實地(輔y變i加)

happy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e變y)

terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently輕輕地(-ll尾只加y)

full→fully完全地dull→dully遲鈍地(-ic加ally)

basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科學地3.-ed形容詞修飾物的用法-ed形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，強調人自身的情感波動；修飾事物時，則多修飾smile(微笑)，feeling(感覺)，cry(叫聲)，face(表情)，voice(聲音)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)，expression(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動的聲音告訴了我這個消息。4.同根副詞加-ly和不加-ly有些副詞不加-ly與其形容詞表達的含義是一樣的，而加了-ly之后的副詞，其詞義往往發(fā)生改變，具有抽象意義，表示程度。close靠近地closely密切地；仔細地hard努力地hardly幾乎不late晚，遲lately最近，不久前most最，極其mostly通常；主要地wide指距離寬widely廣泛地deep指具體深度deeply深深地，非常；強烈地high指具體高度highly很，非常單句語法填空1.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir____________(person)storiescheerfully.2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).3.I’llneverforgetthe

(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.點對點練習1personaldisappointedamazing4.Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand

(hunger).5.IfoundlifeintheUKquite

(differ)fromthatinChina.6.Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7.

(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8.Iam

(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.hungrydifferentofficiallyLuckilyterribly二、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級微小說導入Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.注釋：①形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級，一般直接加-er或-est；以e結尾的直接加-r或-st；以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫結尾輔音；以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er或-est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或themost。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級。②比較級常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。③倍數表達法：?A＋謂語＋倍數＋adj./adv.比較級＋than＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數＋as＋adj./adv.原級(＋名詞)＋as＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級＋and＋adj./adv.比較級”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”表示“越……，就越……”。1.有少數幾個雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和themost構成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er結尾的詞。2.有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有：right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)，excellent(優(yōu)秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。重難點精析3.有些形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級時為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastold—older/elder—oldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具體空間上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4.“否定詞語＋比較級”也可表示最高級含義。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。單句語法填空1.The

(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2.Roadsafetyhasaroused

(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3.Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe

(big)ofalloperasinChina.4.MrGreenisn’tasstrictateacher

MrWhite.5.Ihavenevermeta

(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.點對點練習2morewiderbiggestaskinder6.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes

(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.7.Thisrestaurantwasn’thalfas

(good)asthatonewewentto.8.Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwice

sizeofthatone.fastergoodthe單句語法填空1.Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2.Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.(2021·全國乙)3.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moreso

thefamiliarnearside.(2020·全國Ⅰ)對接高考技法指導解題策略smallerfinancialthan4.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全國Ⅲ)5.Asthesmallboatmoved

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全國Ⅲ)6.It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand

(meaning)collegeexperience.(2019·北京)finestgentlymeaningful1.看到與than連用，要想到用比較級；看到比較級，要想到than。2.看到語境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定語、表語、賓補或表示心理狀態(tài)的狀語，則用形容詞。4.如果修飾整個句子、動詞或形容詞，則用副詞。5.看到and，but，or等連詞前或后用的比較等級形式，要想到用比較等級。技法指導返回層級一基礎達標練層級二高考真題練層級三語篇提能練考點分層演練單句語法填空1.LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall

(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2.Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof

(achieve).3.—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That’sagood

(suggest).層級一基礎達標練carrotsachievementsuggestion4.Althoughheresearchescloning，his

(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.5.Comingtoanothercountrytostudyrequiresabig

(adjust)andittakesawhiletofitin.6.Intheearly

(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.7.Sheisthe

(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.8.Theoldmangoestotheparkevery

(three)day，entionadjustmentfiftiestwelfththird9.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor

(industry)use.10.Haveyoueverbeen

(embarrass)becauseofforgettingsomethingimportant?11.The

thestudentslearnabouttheuniversity，theeasieritwillbeforthemtoadapttotheenvironment.12.Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata

(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.industrialembarrassedmoresurprising13.Nowadaysit’sthesecond

(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.14.Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareeven

(strong).15.Thereisn’tmuchtrafficonSunday，so

(hope)we’llarriveintimefortheconcert.largeststrongerhopefully返回單句語法填空1.Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，including

(low)levelsofincomeandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)2.Itiscalculatedbydividinga

(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)層級二高考真題練lowerperson’s3.Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall，wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory！(2021·全國甲)4.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

(day)routines.(2021·全國甲)5.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed！(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)6.Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets，the

(hot)thespring!Strange，isn’tit？(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)betterwatchtowersdailyundoubtedlyhotter7.Asworkingfromhomebecomes

(increasing)common，peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer.(2021·天津3月)8.Filledwith

(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全國Ⅲ)9.MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma

(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2018·全國Ⅲ)10.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall

(cause).(2018·全國Ⅰ)increasinglycuriosityscientistcauses11.Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition，suchashow

iceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.(2020·全國Ⅰ)12.Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining

hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全國Ⅲ)13.Hescreamsthe

(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.(2018·全國Ⅲ)muchsoloudest14.Even

(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全國Ⅰ)15.Whilerock-climbing，youneedtoremainvery

(focus)sothatyouwon’tmakeanydangerouserrors.(2021·天津3月)worsefocused返回語法填空名詞篇(改編自2020·全國Ⅱ)DecoratingwithPlants，FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa1.

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe2.

(begin)ofspring.層級三語篇提能練語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國新年常見的三種裝飾物——橘子樹、富貴竹和梅花枝，以及它們的美好寓意。1.考查名詞。由空前的不定冠詞a可知，后接名詞形式。故填celebration。celebrationbeginning2.考查名詞。和前面的theendofwinter并列，是名詞詞組，begin的名詞形式為beginning。Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarriesspecial3.

(significant).Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbackto4.____(live)andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.significance3.考查名詞。此處作謂語動詞carries的賓語，應該用名詞形式。故填significance。life4.考查名詞。作介詞to的賓語，用名詞或動名詞形式，結合句意可知填life。

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry：Oranges：Orangetreesaremorethan5.

(decorate)；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand6.

(wealthy).Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmany7.

(time)decoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.decoration5.考查名詞。根據句意可知，此處應用名詞形式，故填decoration。wealth6.考查名詞。與goodfortune共同作of的賓語，所以用名詞形式，故填wealth。times7.考查名詞的單復數。time表示“次數”，是可數名詞，用在many之后，故填times。Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.Certainlyduringtheholidayperiod，thisplantis8.

must.Bamboo

plantsareassociatedwithhealth，abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreat9.

(present).8.考查冠詞。must此處表示“必須做(或看、買等)的事”，是可數名詞，且發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以填不定冠詞a。apresents9.考查名詞的單復數。present作“禮物，禮品”講時，是可數名詞，此處表示泛指。故填presents。10.