考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)銀川學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)銀川學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

問題1選項

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才會回旅館。我應(yīng)該等到那個時候才能表達對他送我禮物的感謝。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞till可知空白處首先應(yīng)填入—個與thenextday意思相似的副詞，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”這部分為時間狀語，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用before，故答案選項為C。

2.單選題

Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe“l(fā)ook-say”or“whole-word”methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively.

Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,developingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeself-directed,“l(fā)earninghowtolearn”activitiesrecommendedbyadvocates（倡導(dǎo)者）of“open”classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963,nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese“Run-Spot-Run”readers.

However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan’tRead,Fleschindicted（控訴）thenation’spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.Hesaid--andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed_thatanotherapproachtobeginningreading,foundedonphonics（語音學(xué)）,isfarsuperior.

Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.

1.Theauthorfeelsthatcountingoneducatorstoteachreadingcorrectlyis（）.

2.Theauthorindictsthelook-sayreadingapproachbecause（）.

3.Onemajordifferencebetweenthelook-saymethodoflearningreadingandthephonicsmethodis（）.

4.Thephrase“touch-off”（Para3）mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項

A.onlylogicalandnatural

B.theexpectedposition

C.probablyamistake

D.merelyeffectiveinstruction

問題2選項

A.itoverlooksdecoding

B.RudolfFleschagreeswithit

C.hesaysitisboring

D.manyschoolscontinuetousethismethod

問題3選項

A.look-sayissimpler

B.Phonicstakeslongertolearn

C.look-sayiseasiertoteach

D.phonicsgivesreadersaccesstofarmorewords

問題4選項

A.talkaboutshortly

B.startorcause

C.comparewith

D.oppose

問題5選項

A.Phonicsapproachregardswhole-wordmethodasunimportant.

B.Thewhole-wordapproachemphasizesdecoding.

C.Inphonicsapproach,itisnecessaryandlogicaltoemploydecoding.

D.Phonicsissuperiorbecauseitstressesthemeaningofwordsthusthevastmajorityofmostcommonwordscanbelearned.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.但是依賴教育者來正確地完成這項任務(wù)可能是一個巨大的錯誤?！笨芍狢項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,整字閱讀法強調(diào)單詞的意義而不是字母的意義，思考而不是解碼”可知A項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.它提供了一套密碼，通過這套密碼，絕大多數(shù)英語中最常見的單詞的發(fā)音都可以被學(xué)習，而不是建立一個記憶單詞的相對有限的詞匯?！笨芍Z音學(xué)讓學(xué)生學(xué)會發(fā)音的單詞更多。故D項正確。

4.詞義題。由第三段“However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.然而，在1955年，魯?shù)婪?弗萊什在開始閱讀時引發(fā)了所謂的“大辯論”?！边x項中只有B項符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.語音并沒有貶低思考單詞和句子意義的重要性;它只是認識到解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步?！笨芍Z音學(xué)習法認為解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步。故C項正確。

3.單選題

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

問題1選項

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探問,問候；runfor競選；bringup提出；takeafter與…相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會問候所有人。選項A符合語境。

4.單選題

Itisagenerousandreceptiveintelligencethatwas（

）fromattainingitsfullscopebybadtraining,poorschoolandlackofopportunity.

問題1選項

A.foiled

B.thwarted

C.balked

D.inhabited

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。foil“阻止；挫敗”；thwart“反對，阻礙”；balk“故意妨礙或阻止”；inhabit“居住于”。句意：糟糕的訓(xùn)練，落后的學(xué)校條件以及機會的缺失妨礙了一個慷慨樂于接受的大腦的完全開發(fā)。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis（1）tosayitanyway.Heisthat

（2）

bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently

（3）

anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot

（4）thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe

（5）

ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly

（6）

thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin

（7）

areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe

（8）

valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe

（9）

oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,

（10）

havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen

（11）

socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofvaluingeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(n)

（12）

ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately（13）

.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas

（14）

themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis

（15）

stateofaffairs.

問題1選項

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

問題2選項

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

問題3選項

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

問題4選項

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

問題5選項

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

問題6選項

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

問題7選項

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

問題8選項

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

問題9選項

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

問題10選項

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

問題11選項

A.givenup

B.gotover

C.carriedon

D.getdown

問題12選項

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

問題13選項

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

問題14選項

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

問題15選項

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配?？崭裉幥懊嬉痪涮岬健坝行┤丝赡鼙绕渌寺斆?，這種觀點是一種不敢冠之以名的假設(shè)”，由“but”這個轉(zhuǎn)折詞可知GregoryCochran打算就這個觀點闡述自己的道理，bepreparedto是固定搭配，意思是“準備做……”，選項B符合題意。

第2題:考查固定搭配。Rarebird是固定搭配，意思是“稀有之人或物”。根據(jù)后文“ascientistwhoworksindependently”（一個獨自工作的科學(xué)家），可知選項D符合題意。

第3題:考查固定搭配。Independentlyofsth.的意思是“獨立于……之外”。選項A符合題意。

第4題:考查副詞詞義辨析。subsequently“隨后，后來”；presently“目前；不久”；previously“先前，以前”；lately“最近，近來”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵核麕椭占傲艘环N觀點，即以前被認為不是由細菌引起的疾病實際上是感染，這在最初提出來的時候受到很大爭議。選項C符合題意。

第5題:考查詞組辨析。atthethoughtof“一想到……”；atthesightof“一看見……”；atthecostof“以……為代價”；attheriskof“冒著……的危險”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵喝欢词故撬?，在想到他接下來要做的事情也會發(fā)抖。選項A符合題意。

第6題:考查動詞詞義辨析。advise“建議，勸告”；suggest“提議，建議”；protest“抗議”；object“反對”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵号c另外兩位科學(xué)家一起，他正在寫一篇論文，文中不僅提出人類中有一群人比其他人更聰明，而且解釋了為什么會這樣。選項B符合題意。

第7題:考查詞組辨析。inprogress“正在進行，在發(fā)展中”；infact“事實上”；inneed“在危難中，在窮困中的”；inquestion“正在討論中的”。空格處所在句子的大意是：文中正在討論的民族來源于中歐。選項D符合題意。

第8題:考查形容詞詞義辨析。normal“正常的”；common“共同的，普通的”；mean“平均的”；total“全部的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵哼@個人群在IQ測試中表現(xiàn)很好，得分高于平均水平12-15分。選項C符合題意。

第9題:考查名詞詞義辨析。mission“使命，任務(wù)”；fortune“財富，運氣”；interest“興趣”；career“職業(yè)”。根據(jù)后面的“includingseveralworld-renownedscientists”可知空格處說的是“職業(yè)”，選項D符合題意。

第10題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“曾經(jīng)被認為是沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的”（havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated），與前面“他們更容易患像乳腺癌這樣的疾病”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，選項C符合題意。

第11題:考查詞組辨析。giveup“放棄”；getover“克服，恢復(fù)”；carryon“繼續(xù)”；getdown“下來，吞下”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵呵罢呃^續(xù)產(chǎn)生社會影響，比如重視教育的傳統(tǒng)。選項C符合題意。

第12題:考查名詞詞義辨析。development“發(fā)展”；origin“來源；起點”；consequence“結(jié)果；重要性”；instrument“工具”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵汉笳弑徽J為是遺傳隔離的結(jié)果。選項C符合題意。

第13題:考查動詞詞義辨析。link“連接，關(guān)聯(lián)”；integrate“成為一體”；weave“編織”；combine“結(jié)合”。空格處所在句子的大意是：Cochran教授認為智力與疾病是緊密相關(guān)的。選項A符合題意。

第14題:考查詞組辨析。limitto“限制”；subjectto“使服從；使遭受”；convertto“轉(zhuǎn)變”；directto“指向”。根據(jù)后面的“獨特的進化壓力”（uniqueevolutionarypressures）可知選項B符合題意，“遭受壓力”。

第15題:考查形容詞詞義辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的，似是而非的”；incompatible“不相容的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；continuous“連續(xù)的”。根據(jù)前文可知這些人群智力高，但是容易得遺傳疾病，這是一種矛盾情況。因此，選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項justification“借口，理由”；B選項illusion“錯覺，幻想”；C選項manifestation“表示，表明”；D選項specification“規(guī)格，說明書”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與assumptions的意思接近，因此選B。句意：我們必須超越幻想和假設(shè)，努力發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失的東西。

7.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

問題2選項

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

問題3選項

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

問題4選項

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

問題5選項

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)薩塔瓦，虛擬現(xiàn)實在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（薩塔瓦說：“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)，我們將能夠在每條戰(zhàn)壕里都安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！彼O(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動手術(shù)室），由此可以推理，虛擬現(xiàn)實在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用可以改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件，故C項“將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件”正確。A項“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親臨每一個戰(zhàn)場”，表述與原文不符；B項“可以鼓舞在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的精神”和D項“可以縮短在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的行動時間”文章沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“如何進行虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)？”。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（當外科醫(yī)生觀察手術(shù)的三維圖像時，他們移動與計算機相連的儀器，計算機將他們的動作傳遞給實施手術(shù)的機器人儀器）可知，C項“外科醫(yī)生通過排列在機器上的計算機移動機器器械”正確。A項“它是由計算機設(shè)計的高精度設(shè)備執(zhí)行的”沒有提到；B項“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕），可知醫(yī)生是通過頭盔親自觀察士兵的傷情，而不是通過接收機器人的反饋；D項“一幅3d圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大腦深處的腫瘤時，她在術(shù)前拍攝的病人大腦計算機圖形圖像中觀察手術(shù)工具的動作）可知，3d圖像是醫(yī)生用來觀察手術(shù)工具的動作，而不是記錄外科醫(yī)生的動作，D項表述不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“薩塔瓦幻想……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他設(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動手術(shù)室）可推理，理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想受傷的戰(zhàn)士可以在移動的手術(shù)室通過遠程控制電腦實現(xiàn)被遠程救治，故A項“用遙控技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵”符合題意。B項“傷兵在戰(zhàn)場上被醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔拯救”，表述不準確，頭盔是醫(yī)生用來觀察傷情而非實行救治的；C項“受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生對受傷士兵進行手術(shù)”，第三段最后一句提到Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.（醫(yī)生們將指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場上的移動手術(shù)室內(nèi)的機器人設(shè)備為士兵進行手術(shù)），可知是通過機器人為士兵進行手術(shù)，C項錯誤；D項“在海外設(shè)立流動手術(shù)室”是以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)中，外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口，因為……”。倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.（在這些手術(shù)過程中，通過身體的小切口進行的手術(shù)中，操作微型相機和手術(shù)工具的外科醫(yī)生戴著3D眼鏡，以便更好地觀察），由此可知外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口是因為3d眼鏡提供的更好的視野，故D項“他戴著3d眼鏡”正確。A項“他正在看電腦屏幕上的切口”，表述不夠準確；B項“切口可以從不同的角度檢查”和C項“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進，因為它們……”。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan（他們還命令機器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織）可知，機器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更能精確的實行組織切除，這是虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進的原因；故D項“由機器人外科醫(yī)生更精確地完成”正確。A項“對受傷的人造成較少的痛苦”、B項“讓病人恢復(fù)得更快”和C項“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

8.單選題

Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）（）donationfromabenefactor.

問題1選項

A.handsome

B.awesome

C.miserly

D.prodigal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。handsome“英俊的，大方的”；awesome“令人敬畏的，可怕的；極好的”；miserly“吝嗇的，貪婪的”；prodigal“揮霍的，十分慷慨的”。句意：令我們高興的是，昨天我們收到了一位捐助者大量的捐助物。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark（

）centerthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項

A.figures

B.features

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。figure意為“人影，數(shù)字”；feature意為“特征，特點”；sketch意為“素描，草圖”；image意為“圖像，肖像”。

句意：昨晚，他看到了兩個黑影進入了大樓，然后發(fā)生了爆炸。

10.翻譯題

Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.

【答案】

這種情況將是確定無疑的，能源匱乏將使高能量消耗這種美國生產(chǎn)方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使少量農(nóng)民聯(lián)合起來獲得高產(chǎn)量成為可能。

11.單選題

Thedoctorprescribedaplaceboforthe（

）imaginarydisease.

問題1選項

A.agoraphobic’s

B.intern’s

C.hypochondriac’s

D.psychotic’s

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項agoraphobic“恐曠癥患者”；B選項intern“實習生”；C選項hypochondriac“疑病患者；憂郁癥患者”；D選項psychotic“精神病患者”。句意：醫(yī)生給······這種假想的疾病開了安慰劑?！凹傧氲募膊　狈稀耙刹』颊摺碧卣鳎虼薈選項正確。

12.單選題

Becauseheis（

）,wecannotpredictwhatcoursehewillfollowatanymoment.

問題1選項

A.incoherent

B.capricious

C.sedate

D.deleterious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incoherent“語無倫次的；不連貫的；不合邏輯的”；B選項capricious“反復(fù)無常的；任性的”；C選項sedate“安靜的；沉著的”；D選項deleterious“有毒的；有害的”。句意：因為他······，所以我們無法預(yù)測他將在任何時候采取什么行動。“無法預(yù)測”與B選項“反復(fù)無?！毕喾稀Ｒ虼薆選項正確。

13.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostlyprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

（

）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（

）.

問題1選項

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

問題2選項

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C.1apologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

問題3選項

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

問題4選項

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

問題5選項

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention.

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“如果一個母親在道歉后加一個‘但是’……”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的內(nèi)容可以讓該道歉變得無效……”（whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective…），選項D“小孩可能會覺得自己還欠母親一個道歉”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，‘很抱歉讓你煩惱了’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“這表明你在某種程度上是錯誤的，讓你自己因為他人的所作所為感到煩惱”（thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone），選項B“我意識到你心煩了，但這不是我的錯”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“不建議使用籠統(tǒng)的、涵蓋一切的道歉是因為……”。文章第四段對“籠統(tǒng)道歉”的解釋是避免需要去提及特別令人受傷或者受辱的具體行為，道歉的人應(yīng)該承諾不會再犯（whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain），這種道歉并不會起作用，比如“我是一個無用的家長”，并不會讓一個人去具體改進，因此這種含糊其辭的道歉是不可取的，選項C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從最后一段教小孩子道歉可知……”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真誠悔過的例子，他們?nèi)匀恍枰獛椭フJ識到道歉的復(fù)雜性”（Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry），隨后舉了不同年齡階段的孩子應(yīng)該怎樣教授道歉，由此可以推斷在教小孩子道歉時，年齡是需要考慮的因素，選項B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，適當?shù)牡狼浮?。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并沒有那么簡單，在教授孩子道歉時要考慮其年齡等，說明道歉并沒有看上去那么容易，選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Thefirstsentenceinthisparagraphis（

）;itcanbeinterpretedinmanyways.

問題1選項

A.intricate

B.ambiguous

C.duplicated

D.confused

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這段話的第一句很模糊，可以被理解成很多種意思。Intricate“復(fù)雜的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”；duplicated“復(fù)制的”；confused“困惑的”。根據(jù)句意，選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompaniesneedinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration—arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.Ah,replytheNetGenres,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwearecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareskillfulusersofonlinecollaborativetoolsandnaturalteamplayers.And,while,youareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth’svacationtoreconsidermypersonalgoal.

Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmanyorganizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrownupwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeenencouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandtotreatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodonthetable.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.InanewreportfromPriceewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetroublerecruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.

Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleepingteenagers'bedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethodsHavinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGenershavelaboredundertheillusionthattheworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyourinnerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthatvacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.

Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecoveranddemographictrendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.Besides,manyofthethingsthatKeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butforthemomentatleast,theFacebookersareunderheavycriticism.

1.IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas（）.

2.AccordingtoPara.2,NetGenersarenoteasytomanageinthat（）.

3.Theword“touchy-feely"inPara.3mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）.

5.Whatistheauthors’attitudetowardsNetGeners?

問題1選項

A.accomplishedandcompetent

B.smartandflexible

C.self-centeredandindulged

D.selfishanduncooperative

問題2選項

A.they'veattachedtoomuchimportancetothepersonalfulfillment

B.they'vebeencourageousenoughtochallengetheirbosses

C.they’vehadexcessiveconfidenceinthemselves

D.they'verequiredexcessiveresponsesandgoals

問題3選項

A.sensitiveandcaring

B.coldandbloody

C.lazyandreckless

D.funnyandinteresting

問題4選項

A.NetGenersshouldgiveuptheirexpectations

B.olderbossesshouldgivetheNetGenerswhatevertheywant

C.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldfacethereality

D.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldlearntoconcede

問題5選項

A.Supportive.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Pessimistic.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.然而，對另一些人來說，y一代(出生于80年代和90年代的人，也被稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代)是被寵壞的、自戀的游手好閑者，他們不會拼寫，在即時通訊和Facebook上浪費了太多時間?！笨芍谂姓哐壑校W(wǎng)絡(luò)一代是被寵壞的，并且是自戀的游手好閑者。故C項正確。且在批判者眼中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代自然是有缺點的，故應(yīng)該用貶義詞，排除AB兩項。D項“自私的和不配合的”與文中所述內(nèi)容不符。

第2題:2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段“Notallofthismakesthemeasytomana