考研考博-英語-云南師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

2.單選題

Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortofsumneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow,andwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsofindividualsbothathomeandoverseas.

Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhichheoriginallyplacedit.Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（證券經(jīng)紀人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney.

ManyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbytheGovernmentorbylocalauthorities.Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange.

Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry.TheStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance.

1.Almostallcompaniesinvolvedinnewproductionanddevelopmentmust（）.

2.Themoneywhichenablesthesecompaniestogoaheadwiththeirprojectsis（）.

3.Whenthesaverswanttheirmoneybackthey（）.

4.Alltheessentialservicesonwhichwedependare（）.

5.TheStockexchangemakesitpossiblefortheGovernment,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries（）

.

問題1選項

A.relyontheirownfinancialresources

B.persuadethebankstoprovidelong-termfinance

C.borrowlargesumsofmoneyfromfriendsandpeopleweknow

D.dependonthepopulationasawholeforfinance

問題2選項

A.repaidtoitsoriginalownersassoonaspossible

B.raisedbythesellingofsharesinthecompanies

C.exchangedforpartownershipinTheStockExchange

D.investedindifferentcompaniesonTheStockExchange

問題3選項

A.askanothercompanytoobtaintheirmoneyforthem

B.lookforotherpeopletoborrowmoneyfrom

C.puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarket

D.transfertheirmoneytoamoresuccessfulcompany

問題4選項

A.runbytheGovernmentorourlocalauthorities

B.inconstantneedoffinancialsupport

C.financedwhollybyratesandtaxes

D.unabletoprovidefortheneedsofthepopulation

問題5選項

A.toborrowasmuchmoneyastheywish

B.tomakecertaineverybodysavesmoney

C.toraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopments

D.tomakecertaineverybodylendsmoneytothem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段指出：SOcompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits（因此，公司轉(zhuǎn)向公眾，邀請人們借錢給他們，或是在企業(yè)中分一杯羹，以換取未來利潤的一份份額）。因此，D選項“依靠大眾作為資金來源”，符合題意。

2.B。

細節(jié)題。第一段指出：Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange（他們通過發(fā)行股票和股票來實現(xiàn)這一目標）。因此B項“通過出售公司股份籌集”正確。

3.C。

細節(jié)題。第二段指出：Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（證券經(jīng)紀人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney（相反，通過證券經(jīng)紀人出售股票給其他正在尋求投資機會的人，就可以讓資金回籠）。因此，C項“puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarket”正確。

4.B。

推理題。第三段指出：Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone（幾乎所有的服務(wù)都需要更多的資金來更好地運營，而不僅僅只是靠稅收）。因此推測，B項“不斷需要資金支持”正確。

5.C。

細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Government,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries”定位至第三段：TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustries

thereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange（政府、地方當局和國有工業(yè)因此需要經(jīng)常借錢以支撐主要的經(jīng)濟開支，然后需要轉(zhuǎn)向證券交易所）。因此，C項“籌集資金資助新的發(fā)展”正確。

3.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,（）

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,（）

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

問題3選項

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

問題4選項

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

問題5選項

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段，當一個人帶著傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金離開工作崗位時，他會有一定金額的養(yǎng)老金。選項D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第五段的第二句，相反，你可以根據(jù)雇主的決定得到5%左右的精算減值。選項C正確。

第3題:根據(jù)最后一段，當你提前退休并制定固定繳款計劃時，問題是你開始把錢花在可以賺取利息的投資上，如果你在55歲退休，開始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，到65歲時，你將只有你一直工作到65歲時的一半。選項A正確。

第4題:根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，主要是講提前退休將會損失更多，所以選項C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以選項B錯誤。

4.單選題

Thekeytosuccessisrememberingthateveryhurdlecrossedisonelesshurdleinthe（

）ofyourpersonalambition.

問題1選項

A.pursuit

B.proportion

C.promotion

D.propulsion

【答案】A

【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促進,推銷;propulsion推進,推進力。根據(jù)句意可知選項中能和目標搭配的只有選項A。

5.單選題

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

問題2選項

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

問題3選項

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

問題4選項

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

問題5選項

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句話WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在很短的時間內(nèi)，疾病的常見癥狀出現(xiàn)了。這些實驗證明，這種新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知實驗是為了測試病毒的傳播和再生的速度。因此選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到醫(yī)生用動物來做實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)這類病毒再生速度非?？欤↖nashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段第一句話提到這種病毒在其他國家出現(xiàn)之前，最早在中國大陸出現(xiàn)（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第五段提到這種病毒最早是在中國大陸出現(xiàn)，時間是大約1957年2月份，而被醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)是在三月份，兩個月后通過旅行者傳播到了中國香港，然后再傳染到新加坡，因此選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

問題1選項

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：1906，舊金山大部分地區(qū)被地震和隨后發(fā)生的火災摧毀。因此選B。

7.單選題

Thisroomispart______withafewoldarmchairs.

問題1選項

A.provided

B.decorated

C.beautified

D.furnished

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項provide“提供”，B項decorate“裝飾”，C項beautify“美化”，D項furnish“提供，裝備，為（房屋或房間）配備家具”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞room“房間”和armchairs“扶手椅”可知，D項最符合語境。句意：這個房間只有幾把舊扶手椅。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

8.單選題

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

問題1選項

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項cometoanend“結(jié)束”；B選項areputtouse“使用，利用”；C選項areusedup“用完，用盡”；D選項wearout“磨損，耗盡，穿破”。句意：當工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品用壞了，就會作為垃圾扔掉。選項D最符合語境。

9.單選題

Canyoufind（）atthehotelforthenight?

問題1選項

A.lodgings

B.accommodations

C.places

D.houses

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住處，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住嗎？B項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thebedhasbeen（）inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.

問題1選項

A.handedout

B.handedover

C.handeddown

D.handedround

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項handout“分發(fā)；施舍”，B選項handover“移交；提交”，C選項handdown“宣布；把……傳下去”，D選項handaround“分發(fā)；傳閱”；然后我們帶入原句可以發(fā)現(xiàn)原句想表達的意思應(yīng)該是這張床是家里流傳下來的，因此C選項符合題意。句意為：這張床是家里傳下來的。原來是我曾祖母的。

11.單選題

Dr.HowardMartingavefataldosesofpainkillerstoterminallyillpatientsoutof（

）andactedintheirbestinterests.

問題1選項

A.suspicion

B.curiosity

C.compassion

D.prejudice

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。suspicion“懷疑，猜疑”；curiosity“好奇”；compassion“同情，憐憫”；prejudice“偏見，損害”。句意：霍華德?馬丁醫(yī)生給絕癥晚期的病人服用致命劑量的止痛劑是出于同情，是為病人最佳利益考慮而采取的行動。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

問題1選項

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

問題2選項

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

問題3選項

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

問題4選項

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

問題5選項

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先認識到并充分欣賞你所處的階段，否則你無法做到這一點）可知選C選項“求職者應(yīng)該充分了解他們所處的階段”；A選項“大多數(shù)年輕人如果不學習四階段理論就找不到工作”，B選項“有好工作的年輕人學習過四階段理論”以及D選項“年長的雇員將被年輕人逼出就業(yè)市場”未在原文提及。因此C選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多歲的人被困在勞動力的中間階層，他們抱怨要等前輩為他們上層騰出空間）可知選B選項“40多歲的人”；A選項“年輕人經(jīng)常換工作”，C選項“年齡較大的員工有可能提前退休”以及D選項“人們在他們的職業(yè)周期中沒有完成四個階段”和原文不符。因此B選項正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看來，兩代人之間的差異不是一個問題，而是一個機會）可知選C選項“兩代人之間的差異與其說是一個問題，不如說是一個機會”；A選項“一代人的抱負遲早會成為現(xiàn)實”，B選項“找到好工作主要取決于年齡”原文未提及；根據(jù)原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（產(chǎn)品或品牌的生命周期有四個階段。名字可能不同，但基本上這四個階段是入門，成長，成熟和衰退。作為一名管理知名運動員30多年的經(jīng)理，我知道這四個階段肯定適用于運動員的職業(yè)生涯和市場價值）可知原文并沒有提到產(chǎn)品的市場性，D選項“產(chǎn)品的市場性可以與運動員的市場性相比較”錯誤。因此C選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一個運動員的入門或啟動階段是指他或她開始比賽，表現(xiàn)出色，并在這項運動中吸引人們的注意力）可知選A選項“入門階段”；B“增長階段”，C選項“成熟階段”，D選項“衰退期”沒有提到吸引力這一項。因此A選項正確。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“olderemployees”定位到原文倒數(shù)第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年長員工……不是因為他們可以得到，而是因為他們擁有員工在入門和成長階段所缺乏的品質(zhì)，即智慧和經(jīng)驗）可知選D選項“他們有更多的智慧，經(jīng)驗和負擔能力”，同時可知C選項“他們在生長階段擁有更好的品質(zhì)”和原文不符；A選項“他們善于推銷自己”，B選項“他們很聽話，很容易控制”未提及。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

問題2選項

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

問題3選項

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

問題4選項

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是這篇文章提到的關(guān)于人的思想的信息。錄音開頭提到：據(jù)估計，人們幾乎一半的清醒時間都在幻想（peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours），C選項“醒著的時候，幾乎有一半的時間都在走神”與之表述一致，因此正確。干擾項是A選項“傾向于沉湎于他們快樂的經(jīng)歷”，錄音中提到的是他們更傾向于談?wù)撚淇斓脑掝}（pleasanttopics），因此A選項不正確；B選項“大腦受傷后很難集中注意力”和D選項“容易受到負面情緒的影響”在錄音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員開發(fā)這款新軟件的目的是什么？錄音提到，在一項實驗中，研究人員開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序來分析幻想和幸福之間的關(guān)系（analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness），D選項“找出幸福是如何與幻想關(guān)聯(lián)的”是此信息的同義表述，因此正確。A選項“健康與幻想的關(guān)系”；B選項“看看為什么幻想會影響一個人的行為”；C選項“觀察一個人的思想如何影響他的行為”均不正確。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)一些研究者的說法，幻想是怎樣使人受益的？錄音中也提到了幻想的好處：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它給了我們思考目標的機會，而且似乎還能提高創(chuàng)造力（increasecreativity），A選項中的contributesto是錄音中increase的同義替換，因此A選項正確；B選項“有助于清晰思考”；C選項“幫助他們挖掘潛力”；D選項“有助于他們做出正確的決定”均不正確。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問那個有145名本科生參加的實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音最后提到，當所有參與者進行第二組任務(wù)時，“幻想者”的表現(xiàn)比其他人好40%（thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers），由此可知，A選項“幻想者在做任務(wù)時的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于非幻想者”與之表述一致，因此正確。由上也可排除B選項“非幻想者比幻想者更專注于自己的任務(wù)”和C選項“兩組之間的表現(xiàn)差異不明顯”；而D選項“有明確目標的受試者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于沒有明確目標的受試者”在錄音中并沒有提及明確目標這一信息，因此錯誤。

14.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivals