考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theuseofrobotsandautomatedmachineryhaseliminatedcertain（

）factoryjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrilling

B.timid

C.enticing

D.tedious

【答案】D

【解析】thrilling激動(dòng)人心的；令人興奮的；timid膽小的，羞怯的；enticing有吸引力的，誘人的；tedious沉悶的，冗長乏味的。句意：機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化機(jī)器的使用消除了某些單調(diào)乏味的工廠工作。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

The

exchangeofgoodwillmissiongreatlythetwocountries（）abetterunderstandingbetween.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carriesout

B.bringsaround

C.breaksout

D.contributesto

【答案】D

【解析】carryout指實(shí)施；bringaround指勸說；breakout指爆發(fā)；contributeto指促進(jìn),對(duì)…做出貢獻(xiàn)。句意：兩國友好使團(tuán)的交流大大促進(jìn)了兩國之間的了解。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語法和形近詞辨析。根據(jù)asemblanceof可知，空格應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C可排除。normalization“正?；徽?guī)化”，norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范”；normality“常態(tài)”。句意：自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來，隨著人們?nèi)ド习嗪鸵恍┥痰甑闹匦麻_張，表面上漸漸地恢復(fù)了正常狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（

）availablethesedays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:個(gè)人電腦對(duì)于普通人而言已不再遙遠(yuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在電腦已經(jīng)能被人（

）運(yùn)用。

Promptly迅速地,敏捷地;instantly立即地;readily容易地;quickly快速地。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thereisaquestion,however,thatmustbeansweredbeforethissynthesisisattempted,namely,whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?Itiseasytobemisledinthisrespect.Muchofoursocialbehaviorisautomatic.Somemaybeinstinctive,thatis,organicallydetermined.Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.Thus,acriticalexaminationofwhatisgenerallyvalidforallhumanityandwhatisspecificallyvalidfordifferentculturaltypescomestobeamatterofgreatconcerntostudentsofsociety.Thisisoneoftheproblemsthatinduceustolayparticularstressuponthestudyofculturethatarehistoricallyaslittleaspossiblerelatedtoourown.Theirstudyenablesustodeterminethosetendenciesthatarecommontoallmankindandthosebelongingtospecifichumansocietiesonly.

Anothervistaopensifweaskourselveswhetherthecharacteristicsofhumansocietyareevenmorewidelydistributedandfoundalsointheanimalworld.Relationsofindividualsorofgroupsofindividualsmaybelookedatfromthreepointsofview:relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworld,relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup,andwhat,forlackofabetterterm,maybedesignatedassubjectivelyconditionedrelations.Imeanbythistermthoseattitudesthatarisegraduallybygivingvaluesandmeaningstoactivities,asgoodorbad,rightorwrong,beautifulorugly,purposiveorcausallydetermined.Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtainingofsustenance,protectionagainstrigoroftheclimate,andgeographicallimitationsofvariedkinds.Therelationsofmembersamongthesamesocialgroupincludetherelationofsexes,habitsofformingsocialgroupsandtheirforms.Obviously,thesephasesofhumanlifearesharedbyanimals.Theirfoodrequirementsarebiologicallydeterminedandadjustedtothegeographicalenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Acquisitionandstorageoffoodarefoundamonganimalsaswellasinman.Theneedofprotectionagainstclimateandenemiesisalsooperativeinanimalsociety,andadjustmenttotheseneedsintheformofnestsordensiscommon.Nolessaretherelationsbetweenmembersofsocialgroupspresentinanimallife,foranimalsocietiesofvariedstructureoccur.Itappears,therefore,thataconsiderablefieldofsocialphenomenadoesnotbyanymeansbelongtomanalonebutissharedbytheanimalworld,andthequestionsmustbeasked:whattraitsarecommontohumanandanimalsocieties?

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Oursocialbehavioris（）.

2.Whyissocialbehaviordifficulttochange?

3.Inordertoanswerthequestion:“whicharethesocialtendenciesthataregeneralhumancharacteristics?”wehavetoemphasizeonthestudyof（）.

4.Thethreepointsofviewthatindicatetherelationsofindividualsare（）.

5.Formthedefinitionsofthethreepointsofview,accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morebasedonlearnedreactionsthannaturaltendency

B.moreinherentlydeterminedthanearlyimpressed

C.morespontaneousthaninborn

D.morebasedoninherentthanconstitutionalbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.One’sbehaviorisinbornsothatnothingcanbedoneaboutit.

B.One’sbehaviorisinstinctivesothathe/shecan’tactdifferently.

C.One’sbehavioristaughtfromchildhoodsothatitisfixedasnormalinhis/herchildhood.

D.Ifoneneverchangeshis/hergeographicaldwelling,his/hersocialbehaviorcanneverbechanged.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humanbehavior

B.humanorgans

C.culture

D.environment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.relationscharacterizedbynaturaldevelopment;relationsthatareculturallydetermined;sociallyacceptedbehavioramongthegroup

B.relationstonaturalandunnaturalworld;relationsamongpeople;conditionedrelations

C.relationstoorganicandinorganicouterworld;relationsamonghumanbehavior;objectivelyconditionedrelations

D.relationstolivingenvironment;relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup;subjectivelyconditionedrelations

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.conditionedrelationsareacquired

B.relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworldareinstinctive

C.relationsamongmembersorthesamesocialgrouparelearned

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.更多的是建立在條件反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也就是說，條件反應(yīng)是由長期的和早期的情況所決定的，我們不再意識(shí)到行為的特征，通常也沒有意識(shí)到不同行為的存在或可能性?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“更多的是基于習(xí)得的反應(yīng)，而不是自然傾向”；B項(xiàng)“更多的是內(nèi)在的決心而不是早期的印象”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“自發(fā)的多于天生的”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“更多地基于天生而不是本質(zhì)的行為”，與原文不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Muchmoreisbasedonconditionedresponses,thatis,determinedbysituationssopersistentlyandearlyimpresseduponusthatwearenolongerawareofthecharacterofthebehaviorandalsoordinarilyunawareoftheexistenceorpossibilityofadifferentbehavior.更多的是建立在條件反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也就是說，條件反應(yīng)是由長期的和早期的情況所決定的，我們不再意識(shí)到行為的特征，通常也沒有意識(shí)到不同行為的存在或可能性?！笨赏浦狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是與生俱來的，因此沒有什么可以改變它?！?，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是本能的，所以他/她不會(huì)有不同的行為?！?，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的行為是從小就被教導(dǎo)的，因此在他/她的童年就被固定下來，作為正常的行為?！?；D項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)不改變他/她的居住地，他/她的社會(huì)行為也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變?！?，與原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Theirstudyenablesustodeterminethosetendenciesthatarecommontoallmankindandthosebelongingtospecifichumansocietiesonly.他們的研究使我們能夠確定哪些傾向是全人類共有的，哪些只屬于特定的人類社會(huì)?！笨赏浦狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“人類行為”；B項(xiàng)“人類器官”；C項(xiàng)“文化”；D項(xiàng)“環(huán)境”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。最后一段中提及的三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：relationstotheorganicandinorganicouterworld、relationsamongmembersofthesamesocialgroup和conditionedrelations（有機(jī)和無機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系、同一社會(huì)群體成員之間的關(guān)系和條件關(guān)系），B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合題干要求，所以A項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“以自然發(fā)展為特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系；由文化決定的關(guān)系；群體間被社會(huì)所接受的行為”；B項(xiàng)“與自然和非自然世界的關(guān)系；人們之間的關(guān)系；條件關(guān)系”，與題意不符；C項(xiàng)“與外部世界有機(jī)和無機(jī)的關(guān)系；人類行為的關(guān)系；客觀條件的關(guān)系”，與題意不符；D項(xiàng)“與生活環(huán)境的關(guān)系；同一社會(huì)群體成員之間的關(guān)系；主觀條件關(guān)系”，與題意不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Imeanbythistermthoseattitudesthatarisegraduallybygivingvaluesandmeaningstoactivities…我用這個(gè)術(shù)語意指那些通過賦予活動(dòng)價(jià)值和意義而逐漸產(chǎn)生的態(tài)度……”，可知A項(xiàng)“條件關(guān)系是獲得的”與原文相符；由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtainingofsustenance,protectionagainstrigoroftheclimate,andgeographicallimitationsofvariedkinds.與有機(jī)和無機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系主要是通過獲得食物、抵御嚴(yán)酷的氣候和各種地理限制來建立的?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“與有機(jī)和無機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系是本能的”與原文相符；最后一段提到“Relationswiththeorganicandinorganicouterworldareestablishedprimarilybytheobtaining…”，即成員與群體間的關(guān)系是習(xí)得的，C選項(xiàng)正確。所以D項(xiàng)“以上各選項(xiàng)”正確。A項(xiàng)“條件關(guān)系是獲得的”；B項(xiàng)“與有機(jī)和無機(jī)外部世界的關(guān)系是本能的”；C項(xiàng)“成員或同一社會(huì)群體之間的關(guān)系是習(xí)得的”；D項(xiàng)“以上各選項(xiàng)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally____improvementsindiet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributedto

B.adjustedto

C.adaptedto

D.accustomedto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attributedto歸因于；被認(rèn)為是……所為B.adjustedto調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整以適應(yīng)

C.adaptedto適合；適應(yīng)于D.accustomedto習(xí)慣于

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：心臟病死亡人數(shù)的下降通?！嬍车母纳啤８鶕?jù)邏輯，因?yàn)轱嬍车母纳?，所以心臟病的死亡人數(shù)會(huì)下降。由此可知，心臟病死亡人數(shù)下降是由于飲食的改善也就是歸因于飲食的改善。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】心臟病死亡人數(shù)的下降通常歸因于飲食的改善。

7.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Hewassopoorthathehad（）thanonehundreddollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noless

B.notless

C.nomore

D.notmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。nomorethan意為“至多，僅僅”。句意“他窮到僅僅只有一百美元?！边x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Takingapowerwalkorwatchingacomedyontelevisionaretwowaystofreeoneselffromthesullengripsofamelancholymood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilettantish

B.depressive

C.egalitarian

D.insurgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干melancholy“憂郁的；傷悲的”。A項(xiàng)“業(yè)余愛好的；一知半解的”，B項(xiàng)“抑郁的”，C項(xiàng)“主張人人平等的；平等主義的”，D項(xiàng)“起義的，叛亂的”。因此選B。句意：散步或看電視上的喜劇是使自己擺脫憂郁情緒的兩種方式。

10.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements'

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles(曾經(jīng)由社會(huì)分工來定義男女性別角色。男性在外工作，賺錢養(yǎng)家，女性則在家做飯，照顧孩子。這些角色相對(duì)固定，并且不容易轉(zhuǎn)變)。因此D(過去男女角色通常是完全分開的)能概括第一段大意。

2.主旨大意題。第二段介紹反主流文化轉(zhuǎn)變了男性和女性的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)分工定位,故選C(反主流文化為男性和女性提供新的角色選擇)。

3.判斷推理題。第二段第三段主要講了反主流文化的價(jià)值觀以及帶給美國社會(huì)的改變,故選B(轉(zhuǎn)變了一些美國人的價(jià)值觀)。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes(因?yàn)閷?duì)撫育孩子有了更大的興趣，所以男性開始和妻子共同承擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。實(shí)際上，一些年輕的男性和女性搬去了公共房屋或者農(nóng)場，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)貴任和孩子撫養(yǎng)貴任),故選C(大部分男性很愿意和妻子分擔(dān)—些家庭責(zé)任)。

5.主旨大意題。A:女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果;B:美國生活的新影響;C:反主流文化及其影響;D:女性和男性角色的傳統(tǒng)劃分。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知B項(xiàng)最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

Thefactis,doctor.Ijustcannot（）thisdreadfulcough.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getoutof

B.getridof

C.getdownto

D.getroundto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)getoutof“逃避；避免”；B選項(xiàng)getridof“擺脫，除去”；C選項(xiàng)getdownto“開始認(rèn)真考慮；著手處理”；D選項(xiàng)getroundto“抽出時(shí)間來做；開始考慮”。句意：事實(shí)是，醫(yī)生。我就是不能……這可怕的咳嗽。根據(jù)句意，可知是不能擺脫可怕的咳嗽。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe（

）entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.massive

B.quantitative

C.surplus

D.formidable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。massive“大量的”；quantitative“數(shù)量的，定量的”；surplus“剩余的；過剩的”；formidable“可怕的，令人敬畏的”。句意：在由于大量女性進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)大軍而引起的所有變化中，女性自身發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變并不是不重要的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“EducationMakesABetterFuture”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

14.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。addict“上癮的”；allege“宣稱，斷言”；assault“攻擊，襲擊”；ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”。句意：據(jù)稱，這家飯店歧視黑人顧客。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Shehadsaidlittlesofar,respondingonlybrieflywhen____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speaking

B.spokento

C.spoken

D.speakingto

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.speaking說（現(xiàn)在分詞）B.spokento交談（過去分詞）

C.spoken說（過去分詞）D.speakingto交談（現(xiàn)在分詞）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】原句句意為“到目前為止，她說得很少，只是在____時(shí)才簡短地回復(fù)了一下?！备鶕?jù)句意可得，她話很少，只有別人跟她說話時(shí)，她才簡短地回復(fù)一下；并且“她”不是主動(dòng)說話的一方，而是被動(dòng)接話的一方，因此，應(yīng)該使用speakto“交談”的過去分詞形式，B選項(xiàng)spokento“交談（過去分詞）”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)speaking“說（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，指說……，不表示跟某人交談；

C選項(xiàng)spoken“說（過去分詞）”，指說……，不表示跟某人交談；

D選項(xiàng)speakingto“交談（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，不符合原句句意。

【句意】到目前為止，她說得很少，只是別人跟她說話時(shí)，才簡短地回復(fù)了一下。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemayignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingresourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.

(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedlymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchadevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

42.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin（）.

43.InmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas（）.

44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans（）.

45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.

B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.

C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.

D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.woodresources

B.technologicalresources

C.naturalresources

D.coalresource

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.receivedgreatattentionfromthegovernments

B.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomy

C.affectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbefore

D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lawsuit

B.interest

C.attention

D.expense

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?

B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.

C.Technologiesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.

D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段第二句thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.（一個(gè)環(huán)境（極地、沙漠、叢林）的本質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了適合該環(huán)境的技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使人們能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境。）可知，技術(shù)可以使人成功適應(yīng)環(huán)境，所以B項(xiàng)“技術(shù)使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)環(huán)境”正確。A項(xiàng)“環(huán)境使人能夠成功地適應(yīng)新技術(shù)”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的發(fā)展完全依賴于自然環(huán)境”，沒有過分強(qiáng)調(diào)技術(shù)的發(fā)展依賴與環(huán)境，C選項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)；D項(xiàng)“缺乏應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境問題的技術(shù)是由于缺乏自然資源造成的”偷換概念，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選B。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中我們可以推斷出，在19世紀(jì)，英國可能在……是富有的”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.（英國從以木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)到以煤為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)的逐步轉(zhuǎn)變始于伊麗莎白時(shí)代，一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)末。）可知，18世紀(jì)的煤炭資源很豐富，才能進(jìn)行基于煤炭的科技。因此D項(xiàng)“煤炭資源”正確。A項(xiàng)“木材資源”，文中提到英國已經(jīng)從木材為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱嗣禾繛榛A(chǔ)的技術(shù)，所以A項(xiàng)不選；B項(xiàng)“技術(shù)資源”過于籠統(tǒng)；C項(xiàng)“自然資源”文章沒有提到。故該題選D。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在現(xiàn)代西方社會(huì)，環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)……”。第二段第四句提到Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（總的來說，近15年來，廣泛的環(huán)境意識(shí)的逐漸發(fā)展，環(huán)境利益集團(tuán)的游說和訴訟活動(dòng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)署為了響應(yīng)國會(huì)的授權(quán)而發(fā)布和加強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)方針顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境的重視。）由此可知，政府，機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境越來越重視，所以A項(xiàng)“受到政府的高度重視”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上造成了嚴(yán)重的混亂”和C項(xiàng)“比以前更直接地影響了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“變得越來越重要，但得到的關(guān)注卻越來越少”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。故該題選A。

44.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。題干意思是“文章最后一個(gè)句子中劃線的單詞‘heed’的意思是……”。A項(xiàng)“訴訟”，B項(xiàng)“利益”，C項(xiàng)“注意”，D項(xiàng)“損失，代價(jià)”。根據(jù)heed可以定位到第二段havemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.（顯著地增加了許多公司在從事其技術(shù)活動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境的重視）可知，heed在原文中的意思是“注意”，選項(xiàng)中只有attention符合，故該題選C。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么”。根據(jù)文章的中心句Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.（當(dāng)然，自然環(huán)境總是制約著技術(shù)。）和后文論述的環(huán)境與科技的關(guān)系，可知科技發(fā)展的同時(shí)要重視環(huán)境，所以D項(xiàng)“在技術(shù)的發(fā)展中，環(huán)境是最值得重視的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自然能對(duì)技術(shù)做出什么貢獻(xiàn)？”，B項(xiàng)“環(huán)境有時(shí)會(huì)阻礙技術(shù)的進(jìn)步”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“各種技術(shù)都應(yīng)該為自然環(huán)境服務(wù)”，該項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)。故該題選D。

17.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000worthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores

B.somepeoplesimplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops

C.thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠實(shí)的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。結(jié)合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內(nèi)行竊案件,所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動(dòng)的扒手。所以第三類人就是無法抵擋誘惑的人,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀(jì)守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因?yàn)楦恫黄疱X,而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢了。所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,他們并不貧窮;選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,而選項(xiàng)D正確;根據(jù)第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認(rèn)為盜賊應(yīng)該是貧窮的。所以選項(xiàng)C也正確。只有選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無辜的人帶來了懲罰和不便的又一個(gè)例子。也就是第一段所說的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

18.單選題

Culturelikenonverbalbehaviortendstoelusive,andhasapotentinfluenceininterculturalcommunication.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.visible

C.difficulttounderstand

D.tangible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：像非語言行為這樣的文化往往是晦澀難懂的，并且在跨文化交際中有著強(qiáng)大的影響。elusive意為“難懂的”。hidden隱藏的；visible看得見的，現(xiàn)有的；difficulttounderstand難以理解；tangible有形的，可觸摸的。選項(xiàng)C最符合原句所表達(dá)的意思。

19.單選題

HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.disposed

C.reminded

D.distributed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他注意到瓊在仔細(xì)打量他，但她的表情絲毫沒有……她在想什么。reveal“顯示，透露”；dispose“處理，安排”；remind“提醒，使想起”；distribute“分配”。根據(jù)“herexpression”和“whatshewasthinking”之間的關(guān)系可以推測出劃線單詞的意思是“透露”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Thereferee______thegoal,rulingthataplayer’shandhadtouchedtheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nullified

B.accosted

C.cohered

D.detested

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.nullified使無效，作廢