考研考博-英語-大連軟件職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連軟件職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeys.

B.Cats.

C.Porcupines.

D.Mice.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trees

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

C.smallerspecies

D.hightropicalcanopies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.protect

C.characterize

D.divide

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Canopy

B.Terminalleaves

C.Springboard

D.Airfriction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一種動(dòng)物在樹冠上層不常見？

A.Monkeys.A.猴子。

B.Cats.B.貓。

C.Porcupines.C.豪豬。

D.Mice.D.老鼠。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的樹冠層（canopy），也就是樹木的上層（upperlevelofthetrees），有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳動(dòng)物，其中可能包括猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬”可知，在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物是猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬；結(jié)合第二句“較小的物種，包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas）在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍”，由其中的notasprevalent可知，老鼠和小松鼠這種較小的物種在樹冠上層并不常見，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)都是在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物，屬于反向干擾。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他們”指的是______。

A.treesA.樹

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳動(dòng)物

C.smallerspeciesC.較小的物種

D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高熱帶的樹冠

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段第二句“較小的物種（Smallerspecies），包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally）”，其中用了as…as…的比較，比較的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally，所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify這個(gè)單詞的意思最接近______。

A.resembleA.相像

B.protectB.保護(hù)

C.characterizeC.特征

D.divideD.分割

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來說，它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)typify為高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，從句子中可知，typify在定語從句中做的是謂語動(dòng)詞，賓語是highcanopy，來修飾nexttreecrown，而high就是nexttreecrown的特征，所以typify的意思和“特征”相近，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪個(gè)術(shù)語在文章中有定義？

A.CanopyA.樹冠

B.TerminalleavesB.頂端的葉子

C.SpringboardC.跳板

D.AirfrictionD.空氣阻力

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第一句“樹冠層，也就是雨林樹木的上層（Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest）”，可知canopy的定義在文章有解釋，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均沒有提到它們的定義，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.這篇文章回答了下列哪個(gè)問題？

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.熱帶雨林與其他棲息地有何不同？

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.動(dòng)物的體型如何影響動(dòng)物對(duì)食物的需求？

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.為什么雨林為動(dòng)物提供了不同尋常的食物？

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.為什么大型動(dòng)物傾向于支配熱帶雨林的上層樹冠？

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】這篇文章主要描述了動(dòng)物棲息在樹冠層的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第一段先介紹樹冠上常見的棲息動(dòng)物；接著后面三段通過對(duì)小型哺乳動(dòng)物和大型哺乳動(dòng)物在樹冠層生存的對(duì)比，來介紹大型動(dòng)物更有利于支配雨林的上層樹冠，如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它們在樹冠的樹枝和樹干間攀爬來尋找昆蟲、花、或水果，但在對(duì)食物的競爭上小型哺乳動(dòng)物卻被大型哺乳動(dòng)物超越，大型的動(dòng)物有它們自己的策略來穿梭于食物豐富的樹枝間”，以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來說，它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，所以D項(xiàng)是文章回答的問題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)文中沒有對(duì)雨林進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，不夠全面。

2.單選題

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)?？崭裉幵~語用來修飾前面的dance，所以是形容詞性。lack與dance之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來修飾。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”；B選項(xiàng)exclude“不放在考慮之列；防止……進(jìn)入，阻止……參加，把……排斥在外”；C選項(xiàng)allot“分配，配給（時(shí)間、錢財(cái)?shù)龋?；分派（任?wù)等）”；D選項(xiàng)commend“贊揚(yáng)；舉薦”。句意：我們將出臺(tái)立法，簡化商標(biāo)注冊程序，擴(kuò)大他們______的權(quán)利。橫線處和they形成主謂關(guān)系來修飾rights“權(quán)利”，A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”對(duì)應(yīng)rights“權(quán)利”，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“不慌不忙”；B選項(xiàng)“抽出時(shí)間”；C選項(xiàng)“（鐘表）走的準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)“耽誤時(shí)間，失去時(shí)機(jī)”。句意：威廉做事不快，他總是（）做他的事。從前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，這里答案選A“不慌不忙”，其他選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。

5.單選題

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“除……外，以下所有內(nèi)容都在第1和第2段中提到，作為藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家中慣用右手的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多數(shù)雕刻作品的光線最好從左邊照射，因?yàn)檫@很適合右手藝術(shù)家的作品，他們通常喜歡讓光線照在左邊，這樣他們的手的影子就不會(huì)落在雕刻工具或刷子的頂端。）可知，A項(xiàng)“是大多數(shù)雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我們不得不做出一種假設(shè)：雙手是手掌朝下被印刷出來的，而手掌朝上印刷出來的左手當(dāng)然看起來像一只右手。在法國加爾加斯洞穴的158張模板中，有136張被確定為左手，只有22張是右手，因此，慣用右手的人占主導(dǎo)地位。）可知，C項(xiàng)“左手輪廓的盛行”是正確的，B項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，用模板繪制的左手掌心向上可能看起來像右手”中的fact（事實(shí)）與原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假設(shè)），而不是“事實(shí)”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少數(shù)幾個(gè)冰河時(shí)期的人物被描繪成拿著東西的例子中，雖然不全是但大多數(shù)都是用右手拿著東西。）可知，D項(xiàng)“史前藝術(shù)中的人物用右手拿著東西”也符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被確定為右撇子，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右側(cè)骨骼更長，更強(qiáng)壯，肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一塊名為LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明顯比左上臂強(qiáng)壯。）可知，B項(xiàng)“右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（對(duì)其他尼安德特人的骨架的調(diào)查也得到了類似的結(jié)果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼與其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有類似的特點(diǎn)，即右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯，并不是說他們的骨骼是相似的，C項(xiàng)“它與LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷換概念；A項(xiàng)“附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”這是在發(fā)現(xiàn)名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被確定為右撇子之后法身的，A項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“右側(cè)骨骼骨折的證據(jù)較少”，這是證明右撇子的另外一個(gè)證據(jù)，而不是證明名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的證據(jù)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于骨折痕和割傷痕的陳述哪一個(gè)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（斷裂痕與割傷痕也是論據(jù)的另一來源。右撇子勇士一般都是左側(cè)容易受傷。在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一個(gè)40-50歲之間的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的頭部、左臂和肋骨上有多處已愈合的傷痕。），從中可知，習(xí)慣使用右撇子的人左側(cè)受傷會(huì)更多，可以推斷這是由于右撇子的人的右側(cè)被占主導(dǎo)地位的右手保護(hù)，所以左側(cè)受傷更多，A項(xiàng)“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割傷往往發(fā)生在受傷方身體的右側(cè)”和B項(xiàng)“右臂受傷更多，因?yàn)橛冶圩鳛橹饕氖直?，使用更積極”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，身體的左半邊更容易受傷，因?yàn)樗鼪]有被占主導(dǎo)地位的手臂有效地保護(hù)”符合題意。D項(xiàng)“人類化石上的骨折和割傷很可能是死后造成的”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提到在法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時(shí)期的繩子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也會(huì)反映這一現(xiàn)象……在法國的Lascaux巖洞藝術(shù)找到的冰川時(shí)代末期的繩子是由向右旋轉(zhuǎn)的纖維捆成的，當(dāng)然也就證實(shí)了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推斷，作者提到法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時(shí)期的繩子是為了對(duì)第五段第一句提供關(guān)于通過物品判斷右撇子的例證，D項(xiàng)“作為一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A項(xiàng)“作為一件物品的例子，它的磨損痕跡表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨損”并不屬于繩子上的。B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇┮路?duì)右撇子來說比左撇子更容易”在該段落并未提及。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵贚ascaux洞穴，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些為右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位權(quán)威人士說，這些強(qiáng)大的精神事件不僅可以被利用，而且實(shí)際上可以在有意識(shí)的控制下，幫助我們睡眠和感覺更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知選A。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）特別活躍，夢里的感覺會(huì)影響一天的情緒，因此選C，作者是為了說明夢與情緒的關(guān)系。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多數(shù)人在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢，在快醒來之前，會(huì)逐漸做一些更開心的夢，這意味著他們在克服白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒）因此選D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而該過程不一定是無意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為人們練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的惡夢）可知D選項(xiàng)“做夢可能并不完全屬于無意識(shí)”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要夢不使我們無法入睡或從夢中驚醒，就幾乎沒有理由關(guān)注我們做的夢，因此對(duì)有時(shí)做夢的人來說，像以往正常的生活就行，故選A。

7.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)薩塔瓦，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（薩塔瓦說：“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們將能夠在每條戰(zhàn)壕里都安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！彼O(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室），由此可以推理，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用可以改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件，故C項(xiàng)“將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件”正確。A項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親臨每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場”，表述與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“可以鼓舞在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的精神”和D項(xiàng)“可以縮短在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的行動(dòng)時(shí)間”文章沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如何進(jìn)行虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)？”。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀察手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與計(jì)算機(jī)相連的儀器，計(jì)算機(jī)將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給實(shí)施手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器）可知，C項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生通過排列在機(jī)器上的計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)機(jī)器器械”正確。A項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度設(shè)備執(zhí)行的”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕），可知醫(yī)生是通過頭盔親自觀察士兵的傷情，而不是通過接收機(jī)器人的反饋；D項(xiàng)“一幅3d圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動(dòng)作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大腦深處的腫瘤時(shí)，她在術(shù)前拍攝的病人大腦計(jì)算機(jī)圖形圖像中觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作）可知，3d圖像是醫(yī)生用來觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作，而不是記錄外科醫(yī)生的動(dòng)作，D項(xiàng)表述不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“薩塔瓦幻想……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他設(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室）可推理，理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想受傷的戰(zhàn)士可以在移動(dòng)的手術(shù)室