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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津廣播影視職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan(

)andorderlyfashion.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.internal

C.intricate

D.initial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incredible“不可思議的,難以置信的”;B選項internal“內(nèi)在的”;C選項intricate“錯綜復(fù)雜的”;D選項initial“最初的”。原句表示“雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的,但這些組織是以______而有序的方式排列的”可知C選項符合句意。句意:雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的,但這些組織是以錯綜復(fù)雜而有序的方式排列的。

2.單選題

Stanleywas()bywhatIhadsaidandwhenIrealizedthis,Iapologizedtohimforbeingsotactless.

問題1選項

A.wounded

B.frustrated

C.resented

D.offended

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Wound“傷害,使受傷”;frustrate“挫敗,阻撓”;resent“怨恨,憤恨”;offend“冒犯”。句意:斯坦利對我的話感到了被冒犯,當(dāng)我意識到這一點,我為我的不得體向他道歉。

3.單選題

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful().

問題1選項

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小錯,過失;landscape風(fēng)景;layout布局,設(shè)計;locality地點,位置。句意:他們站在山頂欣賞美麗的風(fēng)景。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Youranalogywasnotagoodonebecausethetwosituationsarenotsimilar.

問題1選項

A.comparison

B.categorization

C.classification

D.cognition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項comparisonn.比較,對照;B選項categorizationn.分類,分門別類,編目方法;C選項classificationn.等級,類別;D選項cognitionn.認(rèn)識,辨識,認(rèn)識能力。根據(jù)句意可知A項符合題意。句意:你的類比不是一個好例子,因為這兩種情況并不相同。

5.單選題

Thetwosurfaces(

)toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

問題1選項

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。stick“粘住,貼有粘著劑而變得固定”,stickto堅持;cling“緊抓”;cohere“凝結(jié),粘著”;adhereto“粘附,指被吸力或膠水粘住”。句意:這兩個面粘在一起了,我們不能把它們分離。故D項符合題意。

6.單選題

Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers()uparockyslopeontheirwayback.

問題1選項

A.ran

B.hurried

C.scrambled

D.crawled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。四個選項均與up搭配,分別是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的過去式。A選項ranup“匆匆制成;積欠;迅速積累;向上跑”;B選項hurriedup“(使)趕快”;C選項scrambledup“攀爬;巴結(jié);攪混起來”;D選項crawlup“爬上;爬到”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“arockyslope”(巖石邊坡)可知,旅行者們需要攀爬邊坡,才能返回,所以攀爬的意思在此處符合題意。句意:因為沒有路,旅行者們在返回的路上攀爬了一個巖石斜坡。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.

問題1選項

A.tobedebated

B.todebate

C.debated

D.thatitwillbedebated

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意:明天要討論的問題是是否應(yīng)該提高所得稅。根據(jù)question被debate確定用被動語態(tài),不定式表目的可以用作定語成分,A選項tobedebated正確。D選項thatitwillbedebated中it作從句主語多余。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.

問題1選項

A.censure

B.imprecate

C.upbraid

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項censure“嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé),正式譴責(zé)”;B選項imprecate“詛咒;祈求”;C選項upbraid“責(zé)罵;訓(xùn)斥”;D選項bolster“支持,支撐;給(座位)加軟墊;改善,鞏固;增強,激勵”。句意:美國國會通過了一項住房法案,其中包括支持房利美和房地美這兩個陷入困境的抵押貸款巨頭的措施。shoreup“支持,支撐;加固”。D選項與該詞意思最相近,因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

問題1選項

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項quagmire“沼澤,泥濘地;困境,尷尬的處境”;B選項moraine“冰磧石”;C選項plumed“(adj)有羽毛的;羽毛狀的;用羽毛裝飾的”;D選項fragmire無實際意義。句意:他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭;泥沼”,與該詞意思最相近的是A選項,因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint(

)theother.

問題1選項

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項inhonorof“為慶?!?;B選項inaccordancewith“依照,與…一致”;C選項incontrastwith“與…形成對比”;D選項inagreementwith“同意,與…一致”。句意:這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對兩篇新聞報道的描述,每一篇都有一個主要觀點與另一篇形成對比。選項C符合語境。

11.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith().

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif().

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto().

問題1選項

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項A錯誤;根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項B也錯誤;根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項C正確;選項D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項C;根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會頒布。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設(shè)施實行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項A符合原文。

12.單選題

()beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。主句謂語是“should+動詞原形”,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或與將來事實可能相反。從句部分是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),省略了if,由于句子中的時間狀語是thedayaftertomorrow,所以從句動詞應(yīng)該用與將來事實可能相反的虛擬語氣。應(yīng)為should(wereto)+動詞原形。句意:如果他們在我們后天出發(fā)之前到達(dá)的話,我們可以有一頓豐盛的晚宴。故D項正確。

13.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動,為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高,以及政府對旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘I畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期,大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點。旅游時人們可以開闊視野,增長知識,欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光,最終得以放松身心。

14.單選題

Psychoanalyststendtoregardboth()andmasochismasarisingfromchildhooddeprivation.

問題1選項

A.attachment

B.distinction

C.ingenuity

D.sadism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。attachment“附屬(物);依戀”;distinction“區(qū)別,分清”;ingenuity“獨創(chuàng)性,精巧,靈活性”;sadism“虐待狂,病態(tài)的殘忍”。句意:心理分析師傾向于將虐待狂和受虐狂看成是童年剝奪的結(jié)果。選項D符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.

Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.

Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.

【答案】科學(xué)家研究我們居住的這個世界。他們受好奇心驅(qū)使,當(dāng)有新發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)方法來解釋那些未解之謎時他們會變得興奮??茖W(xué)家一般都不自私,他們樂于將喜悅分享給他人。他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)出版,這樣全世界對此有興趣的人都能接觸到。

事實上,他們交流結(jié)果也是為了自己??茖W(xué)家們渴望與其他研究相同和類似問題的同行交流。通過交換結(jié)果和想法,他們成功的機會更大,能更快達(dá)到目標(biāo)。通常他們研究的目標(biāo)大部分是屬于物理、化學(xué)或者生物領(lǐng)域的,這些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特質(zhì)。歐洲和中國的自然規(guī)律都是一樣的。正是這個原因使得科學(xué)家之間的對話不會為政治界限所阻。只要科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有同行在研究同一個問題,無論在世界何處,交換各自的知識就能幫助對方推進(jìn)研究。由于這些原因,科學(xué)家之間的國際合作蓬勃發(fā)展。

很多人具備所有快樂的條件,比如健康以及足夠的收入,但是他們卻并不快樂。就這種情況來說,似乎問題出在生活理論的錯誤上。在某個意義上,我們可以說任何關(guān)于生活的理論都是錯誤的。我們和動物的區(qū)別并沒有想象中的大。動物的生活是沖動性的,只要外部條件合適,它們就會很快樂。如果你有一只貓,它只要有東西吃,感到暖和,晚上偶爾有機會出去玩,它就會很快樂。你的需求遠(yuǎn)比你的貓的要復(fù)雜,但還是以本能為基礎(chǔ)的。在文明社會中,尤其是在講英語的國家,這一點很容易被人遺忘。人們給自己提出一個至高無上的目標(biāo),并抑制一切不利于實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的沖動。

16.單選題

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄,遺棄”;vanish意為“消失”;scatter意為“驅(qū)散,散開”;abandon意為“放棄,拋棄”;reject意為“拒絕”。

句意:湯普森一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠(yuǎn)離高速公路的樹林里。

17.翻譯題

1999年,中國開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億,占全國人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此,中國成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國家。有專家說1990年到2033年是中國的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降,老齡人口還不算太多,這一時期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國勞動力人口將達(dá)到9億人,在這之后“紅利”會變成“赤字”,也就是說,這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會迅速增加。據(jù)說2030年后的二十年是中國老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時期。因此,要做好充分準(zhǔn)備,好好利用人口紅利期來解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問題。

有報告稱,中國是典型的成為富裕國家前就面臨老齡化社會的國家。這是長期的問題,也需要很長時間才能解決。中國一直堅持計劃生育政策,人口增長的趨勢得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計,中國到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億,屆時會面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力,這也一定會給國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展帶來巨大的壓力。

這份報告還指出,中國在解決老齡化問題的意識、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后,因此,必須把這個問題的解決納人到未來國家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源,完善社會保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前,建立一個健全的國家性社會保障機制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

18.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostlyprobablymeans

).

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

).

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

).

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis(

).

問題1選項

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

問題2選項

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C.1apologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

問題3選項

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

問題4選項

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

問題5選項

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention.

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“如果一個母親在道歉后加一個‘但是’……”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的內(nèi)容可以讓該道歉變得無效……”(whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective…),選項D“小孩可能會覺得自己還欠母親一個道歉”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來,‘很抱歉讓你煩惱了’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“這表明你在某種程度上是錯誤的,讓你自己因為他人的所作所為感到煩惱”(thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone),選項B“我意識到你心煩了,但這不是我的錯”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“不建議使用籠統(tǒng)的、涵蓋一切的道歉是因為……”。文章第四段對“籠統(tǒng)道歉”的解釋是避免需要去提及特別令人受傷或者受辱的具體行為,道歉的人應(yīng)該承諾不會再犯(whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain),這種道歉并不會起作用,比如“我是一個無用的家長”,并不會讓一個人去具體改進(jìn),因此這種含糊其辭的道歉是不可取的,選項C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從最后一段教小孩子道歉可知……”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真誠悔過的例子,他們?nèi)匀恍枰獛椭フJ(rèn)識到道歉的復(fù)雜性”(Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry),隨后舉了不同年齡階段的孩子應(yīng)該怎樣教授道歉,由此可以推斷在教小孩子道歉時,年齡是需要考慮的因素,選項B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知,適當(dāng)?shù)牡狼浮?。文章提到了道歉需要技巧;道歉并沒有那么簡單,在教授孩子道歉時要考慮其年齡等,說明道歉并沒有看上去那么容易,選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

________hasfinishedthetaskaheadoftimewillberewarded,thoughwedon’tknowwhoitwillbe.

問題1選項

A.Thosewho

B.Anyone

C.Whoever

D.Who

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句。句意:()在規(guī)定時間之前完成任務(wù)會受到獎賞,盡管我們不知道這個人是誰??崭襁@句話有兩個謂語而且前面都缺少主語,所以可以判斷句子是主語從句或者我們需要補個主語然后接從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。從句的謂語動詞需要和先行詞保持一致,A選項中those是復(fù)數(shù)代詞,而題干的has是第三人稱單數(shù),所以。Anyone不能引導(dǎo)從句,B選項排除;根據(jù)句意,C選項更符合題意。

20.單選題

Whatthegovernmentsshoulddourgentlyistotakeactionsto(

)theeconomy.

問題1選項

A.brook

B.blush

C.boost

D.brood

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。brook“容忍,允許”;blush“臉紅,羞愧”;boost“促進(jìn),提高”;brood“沉思”。句意:政府現(xiàn)在迫切需要的是采取措施促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。選項C符合題意。

21.單選題

Inthenegotiationheldbetweenthetwopartiesoftheworkersandemployertheworkerswere()inaskingformoreholidays.

問題1選項

A.joint

B.harmonious

C.unanimous

D.coordinated

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beunanimousin表示“(所有人)一致同意的,全體一致的,無異議的”。句意:在工人和雇主雙方進(jìn)行的談判中,工人們一致要求更多的假期。結(jié)合此處語義,C為正確答案。

22.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項retaliate“報復(fù)”;B選項recover“恢復(fù);彌補;重新獲得”;C選項repel“擊退;抵制;使厭惡;使不愉快”;D選項defend“辯護(hù);防護(hù)”。句意:目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊將在下周全力以赴,為去年的失利向德國隊報仇。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞revenge“報復(fù);替……報仇;洗雪”,得知A選項正確。

23.寫作題

SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use“LiMing”instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorGoth,

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina.Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor’sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster’sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI’llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

24.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto()theconsequences.

問題1選項

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”;stepinto“進(jìn)入”;abideby“遵守”;runinto“遭遇,陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”,因此他需要對此負(fù)責(zé),選項A符合題意。

25.翻譯題

Whenyou’refedupwithself-obsessedtwenty-somethings,trytorememberthatthey’llbe33oneday.Forthat’stheagewhentheylosethe“allaboutme”attitude,researchsuggests.Bythen,youthfulselfishnesssubsidesandpeoplebegintoconsiderothers’feelingsmoreoften,researcherssay.Whenwereach33,wearealsomorelikelytomakeaneffortwithparentsandgrandparentsandtakeapositiveattitudetowardsendingfeudswithfamilyorfriends.Theolderweget,themoreselflessweareinalmostallareasoflife—withtheexceptionofvolunteeringinthecommunity,thereportsuggests.Mostpeopleagreethathavingchildrenistheturningpointinchangingourattitudestowardsotherpeople.Thisiswhenweapparentlyfindourselvesworryingmoreaboutothersanddoingthingsforthem,suchascheckinghowtheyaregettinghome,offeringtohelpwithchildcareanddoingairportruns.Andwearemorelikelytokeepaneyeoutforneighbors,aswellasgiveupseatstoelderlypeopleonpublictransport.Wewillprobablyalsobemoreinvolvedinthecommunityandwillingtodonatemoneytogoodcauses.Thoseunder33aremostlikelytoadmittobeingveryselfish—with40percentsayingthattheyputthemselvesfirstinallcircumstances.However,40percentofthisagegroupregularlyvolunteerforcharityortheircommunity—higherthananyotheragegroup.Theageatwhichwearemostselfishisourteenageyears,researchersfound—withpeoplesayingthatjustgrowingupmadethemmorelikelytoconsiderothers.Otherscitemeetingtheirpartnerorbuyingahouseasthepointatwhichtheystartedbeingmorecompassionateandputtingothersfirst.ResearchersatMake-A-WishFoundationUKcametotheirconclusionafterstudyingtheattitudesof2,000adultsagedfrom20to60.

【答案】當(dāng)你受夠了20多歲的自戀的年輕人,試著記住他們終有會到33歲的一天。研究表明,在這個年齡,人們會徹底改變“一切圍繞自我”的態(tài)度。研究者表明,到那時,年輕人的自私心理會消失,人們開始更多地考慮他人的感受。當(dāng)我們33歲時,我們也有可能更多地與父母和祖父母在一起,并以積極的態(tài)度去解決與家人或朋友的不和睦關(guān)系。報告顯示,隨著年齡的增長,我們在生活的幾乎所有方面都變得更加無私,在社區(qū)做義工除外。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為擁有孩子是我們對其他人態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。當(dāng)我們有了孩子之后,我們會明顯地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己更加為別人擔(dān)心,并且為他們做事和付出,比如詢問他們?nèi)绾位丶?,主動提出幫忙照顧孩子或者去機場接機。而且我們可能更加關(guān)心鄰居,并且在公共交通中給老年人讓座。我們可能也會更多地參與社區(qū)活動,更加愿意為公益事業(yè)捐款。那些33歲以下的人可能也承認(rèn)自己非常自私——40%的人說任何情況下他們都把自己放在第一位。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),我們最自私的年齡是青少年時期。人們說,僅僅是成長就會讓他們更傾向于為他人考慮。另一些人則表示,在遇到伴侶或買房時,他們開始變得更有同情心,并把他人放在首位。英國許愿基金會的研究人員在調(diào)查了2000名年齡在20歲至60歲之間的成年人的態(tài)度后得出了上述結(jié)論。

26.單選題

Somebiologistsarguethateachspecificallyhumantraitmusthavearisengraduallyanderratical-ly,andthatitisthereforedifficulttoisolatedefinite()intheevolutionofspecies.

問題1選項

A.fluctuations

B.manifestations

C.predispositions

D.milestones

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:一些生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為每種特定的人類特征都是逐漸地、不規(guī)則地形成的,因此很難隔離出物種進(jìn)化過程中明確的()。

fluctuations變動,起伏現(xiàn)象;manifestations顯示,證明;predispositions傾向,素質(zhì);milestones里程碑。前半句“每種人類特征都是逐漸地產(chǎn)生的”,可知難以將其發(fā)展過程分離開,空格以及空格前的“definite”一起應(yīng)該表示明確的標(biāo)志,選項D“里程碑”符合句意。

27.單選題

People'sviewonqualityeducation()fromindividualtoindividual.

問題1選項

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改變?yōu)椤?;varyfrom...to…."從……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?;transformfrom...to…"由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。句意:人們對素質(zhì)教育的看法因人而異。選項B符合句意。

28.單選題

Commercialbanksmademostoftheirincomefrominterest(

)onloansand

investmentsandbonds.

問題1選項

A.earning

B.earned

C.toearn

D.wasearned

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞做定語。句意:商業(yè)銀行主要從貸款、投資和債券中獲得利息。這里interest是被賺,是一個被動含義,所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞來做后置定語。選項B符合題意。

29.單選題

Non-violentdirectactionrubs()ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

問題1選項

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意,非暴力的直接行動違背公眾的意見,為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關(guān)心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見相違背。選項C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入,違反意愿”。選項A符合題意。

30.單選題

T

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