考研考博-英語-上海中華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

問題1選項

A.sufficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.proficient

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。sufficient足夠的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潛在的，可能的；proficient熟練的，精通的。空格處應(yīng)該為一個形容詞修飾suppliesofpetroleum（石油供應(yīng)），根據(jù)前面部分“TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworried（歐盟國家曾一度擔(dān)心……）”可知，此處應(yīng)表示“充足的石油供應(yīng)”，因此A項符合句意。句意：歐盟國家曾一度擔(dān)心他們沒有充足的石油供應(yīng)。

2.單選題

Thursdaymarkedthe42nd（）ofman’sfirststeponthemoon.

問題1選項

A.ceremony

B.decade

C.occasion

D.anniversary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項ceremony“典禮，儀式，禮節(jié)”，B選項decade“十年，年代”，C選項occasion“時機，場合”，D選項anniversary“周年紀念日”。句意：星期四是人類踏上月球第42周年紀念日。因此，D選項符合句意。

3.單選題

Amembershipcard（）theholdertousetheclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

問題1選項

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項approve“同意，贊成”，B項authorize“授權(quán)，認可”，C項rectify“糾正，改正”，D項endow“賦予，捐贈”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞membershipcard（會員卡）可知，空格部分表示“授權(quán)”，只有B項符合。句意：持卡人有權(quán)使用俱樂部的設(shè)施12個月。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.單選題

ThecommitteewillconsiderwhetherornotMr.Wilsonhasbeen（

）seriousprofessionalmisconduct.

問題1選項

A.waryof

B.guiltyof

C.confrontedwith

D.reducedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。waryof意為“謹防的，小心翼翼的”；guiltyof意為“有罪”；confrontwith意為“面對，面臨”；reduceto意為“減少至”。由seriousprofessionalmisconduct（嚴重的失職）可知選B。

句意：委員會將考慮威爾遜先生是否犯了嚴重的失職罪。

5.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問題2選項

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問題3選項

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問題4選項

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問題5選項

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因為尚未制定出針對外科手術(shù)進步的立法）可知A選項“大多數(shù)國家沒有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進行，可能無法及時聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵人們在其遺囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項“應(yīng)該鼓勵人們在死后捐獻器官”和C選項“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因為它有利于人類社會”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”?！癷mpair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會……潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項最符合邏輯關(guān)系。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標準方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期，即從童年到成年之間的這段時期，可能很長，也可能很短，這取決于社會的期望和社會對什么是成熟和成年的定義。在原始社會，青春期往往是相對較短的一段時間，而在人們受教育時間較長的工業(yè)社會，再加上反對童工的法律，青春期的時間要長得多，可能包括人生第二個十年的大部分時間。此外，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟條件的變化，在特定社會中，青春期的長度和成年身份的定義可能會發(fā)生變化。這類變化的例子如：19世紀后半葉美國邊疆的消失，更普遍的是農(nóng)業(yè)社會的工業(yè)化。

7.單選題

Thereisno______tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項

A.access

B.exposure

C.avenue

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.access通路；入徑B.exposure面臨，遭受（危險或不快）

C.avenue（城鎮(zhèn)的）大街D.edge邊緣；邊線

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fromthemainroad（從主路）可知，空格處所表達的是去房子的“通道”，所以該題選擇A項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】

B、D項不符合句意；

C項是指城鎮(zhèn)的大街，故排除。

【句意】從大路沒有通路到那所房子。

8.單選題

（

）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhis

assignment.

問題1選項

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。as可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，though不能引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語的時候進行倒裝，much是用來修飾want的程度副詞

句意：因為周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下來完成作業(yè)。

9.翻譯題

PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵害他人民事權(quán)益或者利益的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任。

公法調(diào)整和規(guī)范自然人、法人和國家之間的關(guān)系,它包括行政法規(guī)、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。

合同是當(dāng)事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終民事關(guān)系的協(xié)議；依法成立的合同，受法律保護。

物權(quán)的取得和行使，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律，尊重社會公德，不得損害公共利益和他人合法權(quán)益。

人民法院審理案件，對于侵犯著作權(quán)或者與著作權(quán)有關(guān)的權(quán)利的，可以沒收違法所得、侵權(quán)復(fù)制品以及進行違法活動的財物。

【答案】Networkusersandnetworkserviceproviderswhoinfringeuponthecivilrightsorinterestsofothersvianetworkshallbearthetortliability.

Publiclawadjustsandregulatestherelationshipamongnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandthestate.Itincludesadministrativeregulations,criminallawsandotherlawsrelatedtopublicorder.

Acontractisanagreementbetweenthepartiestoestablish,changeorterminateacivilrelationship.Acontractestablishedinaccordancewiththelawshallbeprotectedbylaw.

Theacquisitionandexerciseofpropertyrightsshallabidebythelaw,respectsocialmoralityandnotdamagepublicinterestsandlegitimaterightsandinterestsofothers.

Forthosecasesthatinfringeoncopyrightorrelativerights.People'sCourtcanconfiscateillegalproceeds,infringingcopiesandpropertiesforillegalactivitieswhentryingacase.

10.問答題

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.ItscenterwasbeneathpresentdaySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoenclosemostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asitisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1,100,thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofacliffyIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokis,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramicsfinelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated（

）.

3.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatMeso-Americancultureshadatraditionof（

）.

【答案】1.主旨大意題。文章以MoundBuilderculture開頭，進而引出對MississippiCulture的介紹。

試題答案：

ThepassagemainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandachievementofMississippiCulture.

2.推理怕斷題。由文章開頭中的“ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining...Tothewest,anotherculture”可知MoundBuilderculture位于東方。

試題答案：

intheeast

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的“probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce”可推測Meso-Americancultures有商業(yè)貿(mào)易的傳統(tǒng)。

試題答案：

tradeandcommerce

11.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強調(diào)在房子里面儲存糧食，D選項inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項which不能作狀語；B選項where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個地方，而不是房子里面；C選項with后面接介詞to語法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Howcanyou（）andwatchthecountrygotoruin?

問題1選項

A.standby

B.standfor

C.standup

D.standupfor

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。standby袖手旁觀，站在旁邊；standfor代表，象征；standup站起來，堅持；standupfor支持，擁護。句意：你怎么能袖手旁觀，看著這個國家走向毀滅呢?選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

問題2選項

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

問題3選項

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

問題4選項

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

問題5選項

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知一個國家的經(jīng)濟可能由什么決定？”文章第一段第二句話提到“但是遠遠超過大多數(shù)美國人了解的是美國的經(jīng)濟活力靠的是小商店、飯店、居民服務(wù)和工廠”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），選項C符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了能成功，企業(yè)應(yīng)該怎么做？”文章第二段第一句話提到“大多數(shù)先鋒企業(yè)因為沒有前期準備進行開拓進取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接著又提到“到1995年，60%的這些企業(yè)倒閉”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），說明沒做好準備的企業(yè)堅持不了很長時間，而要想成功，必須做好準備，選項A“為自己的新生意做好十足準備”符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列關(guān)于對小企業(yè)的描述哪個是錯誤的？”文章第二段提到60%的先鋒企業(yè)倒閉是因為沒有做好準備，并不是因為它們開始得早，所以選項B“開始得越早，倒閉得越快”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第三段最后一句話的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句話提到“只有當(dāng)資金源泉干涸時，他們才看到問題的嚴重性，而那個時候，這個病人（即小企業(yè)）已經(jīng)無藥可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此選項C“小企業(yè)老板用光了錢之后才意識到問題，但是已經(jīng)為時已晚”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要講述了小企業(yè)如何建立、又如何因為沒有提前意識到問題而破產(chǎn)、如何成功發(fā)展小企業(yè)等問題，選項A“如何在小企業(yè)中成為勝利者”符合題意。

14.單選題

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

問題1選項

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然她很小的時候就寫了很多短篇小說和詩歌，但直到25歲她才第一次獲得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故選A。

15.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

問題1選項

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。

句意：我很高興的聽說你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報。只有選項A符合語境。

16.單選題

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

問題1選項

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項operate“操作；經(jīng)營；引起；行動”；B選項contribute“貢獻，出力；投稿；捐獻”；C選項monitor“監(jiān)控”；D選項send“發(fā)送，寄；派遣；使進入；發(fā)射”。句意：然后，她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像，繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑”，得知A選項最符合句意。

17.單選題

Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcornerswhich,ifuncheckedforlongperiods,will______intobadhabits.

問題1選項

A.split

B.sneak

C.delude

D.degenerate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項split“分離，使分離，劈開”，B項sneak“溜，鬼鬼祟祟做事，向老師打小報告”，C項delude“欺騙，哄騙，誘惑”，D項degenerate“使退化，惡化，墮落”。由Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcorners“你的技術(shù)越熟練，你就越容易走捷徑”可知，空格處填入“養(yǎng)成、變成”符合語境，而degenerateinto表示“退化為”，意思與之相近。句意：你的技術(shù)越熟練，你就越容易走捷徑，如果長期不加以控制，就會退化為壞習(xí)慣。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

18.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

問題1選項

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

問題2選項

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

問題3選項

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

問題4選項

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每個冰晶的核心都有一個極小的核”選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.簡單的雪花有各種美麗的形狀，通常是六角形的，盡管雪花在大多數(shù)顯微鏡圖像下再生的形狀是對稱的，但通常在實際的降雪過程中卻不是這樣的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項C表述不正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的。”選項D符合原文。選項A中“plenty”不準確，應(yīng)該是“constant”；選項B中的溫度在文中沒有涉及；選項C與題干無關(guān)；只有選項D正確，所以本題選D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)上一題的分析“如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的?！庇纱丝芍x項B正確。

19.單選題

Thetwosurfaces（

）toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

問題1選項

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。stick“粘住，貼有粘著劑而變得固定”，stickto堅持；cling“緊抓”；cohere“凝結(jié)，粘著”；adhereto“粘附，指被吸力或膠水粘住”。句意：這兩個面粘在一起了，我們不能把它們分離。故D項符合題意。

20.單選題

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

問題1選項

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；confine限制，禁閉；restrict限制，約束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、數(shù)量等；limit一般指空間、時間或數(shù)量的極限；confine側(cè)重于不可逾越的限制，比如束縛、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常與from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很難阻止歌迷們沖上臺與歌手合影。所以選項B更符合本句語境。

21.單選題

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

問題1選項

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)該是一個非限定性定語從句。先行詞在從句中作主語，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，it不能引導(dǎo)從句；故用which。本句句意是：對于像英國這樣依賴于一個制造基地的國家，那樣意味著低效率。D選項正確。

22.單選題

Asocietyis______onlywhenthehumblestandweakestpersoncanenjoythehighestcivil,economic,andsocialrightsthattheprivilegedandmostpowerfulpossess.

問題1選項

A.conflicting

B.friendly

C.democratic

D.hostile

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項conflicting“沖突的；相矛盾的；不一致的”；B選項friendly“友好的；親切的；支持的；融洽的，和睦的”；C選項democratic“民主的；民主政治的；大眾的”；D選項hostile“敵對的，敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：只有當(dāng)最卑微和最弱小的人能夠享有最高的公民、經(jīng)濟特權(quán)以及擁有和特權(quán)階層和最有權(quán)勢的人所擁有的社會權(quán)利時，一個社會才是民主的。因此C選項正確。

23.單選題

Thefirsttwodecadesofthiscenturyweredominatedbythemicrobehunters.Thesehuntershadtrackeddownoneafteranotherofthemicrobesresponsibleforthemostdreadedscourgesofmanycenturies:tuberculosis,cholera,diphtheria.Butthereremainedsometerriblediseasesforwhichnomicrobecouldbeincriminated:scurvy,pellagra,rickets,andberiberi.Thenitwasdiscoveredthatthesediseaseswerecausedbythelackofvitamins,atracesubstanceinthediet.Thediseasescouldbepreventedorcuredbyconsumingfoodsthatcontainedthevitamins.Andsointhedecadesofthel920sand1930s,nutritionbecameascienceandthevitaminhuntersreplacedthemicrobehunters.

Inthe1940sandl950s,biochemistsstrivedtolearnwhyeachofthevitaminswasessentialforhealth.Theydiscoveredthatkeyenzymesinmetabolismdependononeoranotherofthevitaminsascoenzymestoperformthechemistrythatprovidescellswithenergyforgrowthandfunction.Now,theseenzymehuntersoccupiedcenterstage.

Youareawarethattheenzymehuntershavebeenreplacedbyanewbreedofhunterswhoaretrackinggenes—theblueprintsforeachoftheenzymes—andarediscoveringthe