考研考博-英語-山東女子學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東女子學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

It’s（）intheregulationthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidupon

B.laidout

C.laidup

D.laiddown

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。layupon隨…而定,

把重點(diǎn)放在；layout展示,

安排；layup貯存,

擱置,

臥床不起；laydown放下,

制定,

鋪設(shè),

主張。句意：條例規(guī)定您只能攜帶20公斤的行李。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

His_____ingamblinghaseventuallybroughtabouthisruin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indulgence

B.habit

C.action

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】indulgence嗜好，放縱，沉溺；habit習(xí)慣，嗜好；action行動，活動；engagement婚約，諾言。句意：沉溺于賭博最終導(dǎo)致了他的毀滅。indulgenceinsth.指放縱,任性（的習(xí)慣），選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

______Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Unless

C.As

D.Since

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認(rèn)有問題，但我不認(rèn)為它們不可解決。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thosewho（）trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:違反交通法規(guī)的那些人應(yīng)該受處罰。

考查動詞辨析。rotate(使)旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動;(工作)由…輪值;violate違反,違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等),侵犯(隱私等);abuse濫用,虐待;degrade貶低,使……丟臉,使……降級,使降解。因此B符合句意。

5.單選題

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在拋棄它的幼仔之前只給它喂奶了幾個(gè)星期；其他物種，包括大象、一些靈長類動物，特別是人類，多年來一直在關(guān)注他們的幼仔）可知B選項(xiàng)“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的時(shí)間長大”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries懷疑壓力荷爾蒙會干擾大腦中的后葉催產(chǎn)素，阻止雌性田鼠與雄性結(jié)合，可能同樣導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)女性認(rèn)為危險(xiǎn)并不具有性吸引力。相反，后葉加壓素與壓力荷爾蒙則產(chǎn)生不同的效果，可能促使多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為危險(xiǎn)具有性吸引力）可知壓力荷爾蒙與不同的激素結(jié)合，在男性和女性身上會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：以下哪項(xiàng)可能是第8段所述迷走神經(jīng)的最佳類比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神經(jīng)在內(nèi)臟和大腦之間傳遞信號，將身體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)向上傳遞給大腦，再將大腦指令傳遞給心臟、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D選項(xiàng)“連接CPU和計(jì)算機(jī)附件的電路”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神經(jīng)的一部分從人類進(jìn)化初期就出現(xiàn)，控制著性、饑餓和恐懼等原始功能）可知迷走神經(jīng)不包括面部表情，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（換句話說）可知本段是對上一段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges認(rèn)為，在哺乳動物中，迷走神經(jīng)的新分支也連接大腦情感中心與心臟、臉部、發(fā)聲器官、幫助協(xié)調(diào)感覺與面部和語言表達(dá)）可知C選項(xiàng)“支持一種說法，即迷走神經(jīng)的新分支將大腦情感中心與心臟、面部和發(fā)聲器官連接起來”符合題意。

6.單選題

Therobbersbrokeintothebank,（

）theclerkswithrevolversandforcedthemtogivemoneyjustastheywereabouttoknockoff.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shot

B.frightened

C.amused

D.menaced

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Shot“射擊”；frightened“驚恐，使害怕”；amused“逗樂，使發(fā)笑”；menaced“威脅，恐嚇”。句意：歹徒?jīng)_進(jìn)銀行，在銀行職員打算按警報(bào)器的時(shí)候用槍威脅他們，強(qiáng)迫他們把錢拿出來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

WegotintoataxiwithJohntosendhimtothetrainstation,butwehadonlygoneabouthalfakilometerwhenwewereinvolvedinanaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosendhimto

B.wehadonlygone

C.when

D.wereinvolvedin

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】動詞誤用。send改為take。send的意思為“發(fā)送；派遣”。這里指“送他去火車站”。

8.單選題

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...為固定搭配，意為“對...表現(xiàn)出興趣”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-Q,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-Q,inboxes1-10onyouranswersheet.

ResearchcarriedoutbyscientistsintheUnitedStateshasshownthattheproportionofpeopleover65sufferingfromthemostcommonage-relatedmedicalproblemsis（1）andthatthespeedofthischangeis（2）.Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeople（3）inlifethantheydidinthepast.Thisislargelyduetodevelopmentsin（4）butotherfactorssuchasimproved（5）mayalsobeplayingapart.Increasesinsomeother（6）maybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandto（7）.Theresearchestablishesalinkbetweenlevelsof（8）andlifeexpectancy.Italsoshowsthattherehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoare（9）whichmeansthatthe（10）involvedinsupportingthissectionofthepopulationmaybelessthanpreviouslypredicted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:I

第3題:F

第4題:M

第5題:J

第6題:C

第7題:N

第8題:K

第9題:G

第10題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.”，研究人員分析了1994年收集的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，稱關(guān)節(jié)炎、高血壓和血液循環(huán)問題是這個(gè)年齡段的主要疾病，每年困擾的比例越來越小?？膳袛喑雠c老年有關(guān)的疾病越來越少，比例正在下降。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.”，數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)，老年疾病的下降速度繼續(xù)加快?？膳袛喑鲞@種變化的速度不斷提高。選項(xiàng)I符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“…revealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.”，與越來越少的人患上與老年相關(guān)的疾病，到很晚的時(shí)候才會發(fā)生這樣的疾病。可判斷出與年齡相關(guān)的疾病正困擾著越來越少的人，而且會出現(xiàn)得越來越晚。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.”，顯然，某些疾病在“醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步”面前正在退卻?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致了患病率的下降。信息M符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段第三句，“Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.”二十世紀(jì)上半葉兒童營養(yǎng)狀況的改善，使今天的老年人比他們的前輩有了更好的開端?？膳袛喑鰻I養(yǎng)狀況的改善是患病率下降的因素之一。選項(xiàng)J符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.”，一些癌癥和支氣管炎的增加可能反映了吸煙習(xí)慣的改變和空氣質(zhì)量的下降?？膳袛喑鲇捎谝恍┝?xí)慣的改變可能會增加其他的一些疾病。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句，“Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.”，曼頓認(rèn)為習(xí)慣的改變可能是微妙的影響，但是60年來人們暴露在越發(fā)污染嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境中，對疾病造成影響?？膳袛喑鑫廴疽彩羌膊÷实挠绊懸蛩刂?。選項(xiàng)N符合題意。

8.根據(jù)文章第六段第一句，“OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.”，曼頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)有趣的相關(guān)性是：受教育程度高的人可能更長壽。可判斷出疾病率還可能與教育程度相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)K符合題意。

9.根據(jù)文章第七段，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.”，殘疾老年人的數(shù)量正在下降。可判斷出這里提到的是有關(guān)于殘疾的老年人數(shù)量下降的現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

10.根據(jù)文章第七段最后一句，“AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.”，據(jù)曼頓表示，減緩老齡化趨勢為美國政府的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)節(jié)省了2000多億美元，這表明美國人口老齡化帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)可能比預(yù)期的要輕?？膳袛喑鋈丝诶淆g化問題的解決可以減少對這部分人口的開支。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis（）home.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡陋的”，B項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，晦澀的”，C項(xiàng)inferior“自卑的，下等的”，D項(xiàng)lower“下方的，下級的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞home（家，住宅）可知，空格處填入“簡陋的”最合適。句意：在信中，我的朋友說他很愿意我在他簡陋的家里做客。因此，該題A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

（Presumably），thereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesnotusuallystayawayfromwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Maybe

B.Surprisingly

C.Therefore

D.Yet

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Maybe“可能”；B選項(xiàng)Surprisingly“出乎意料地”；C選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”；D選項(xiàng)Yet“但是”。句意：她缺席大概有充分的理由，因?yàn)樗ǔ２粫簧习嗟?。劃線部分Presumably是大概的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

他這人喜怒無常，且好走極端。

【答案】Heismoodyandisinclinedtobeextreme.

13.單選題

Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjectto

B.opposite

C.resistantto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)subjectto“使服從，使遭受”，B項(xiàng)opposite“相反的，對面的”，C項(xiàng)resistantto“對……有抵抗力，耐……的”，D項(xiàng)contraryto“與……相反”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞doctor’sorders“醫(yī)生的命令”和選項(xiàng)可知，空格處表示“違反，相反”符合句子意思。句意：你所做的與醫(yī)生的命令是相反的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

BarackObamarevsupontheenvironmentbylettingstatessetcar-emissionsstandards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.landsup

B.botchesup

C.startsup

D.sharksup

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)landup“到達(dá)終點(diǎn)；最終成為；使淤塞”；B選項(xiàng)botchup“搞壞；弄糟”；C選項(xiàng)startup“開始；發(fā)動；突然站起；突然出現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)sharkup“敲詐”。句意：巴拉克?奧巴馬（BarackObama）通過讓各州設(shè)定汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來加速環(huán)境保護(hù)。revup“使更活躍；使快轉(zhuǎn)；加速”。與該詞組意思最接近的是C選項(xiàng)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concentrate“集中；濃縮”；B選項(xiàng)atrophy“萎縮；虛脫”；C選項(xiàng)condense“使?jié)饪s；使壓縮”；D選項(xiàng)astrogate“操縱；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎縮或失去彈性，但是它們不能變成脂肪。并列連詞or連接空格處和“失去彈性”，因此此題選B。

16.單選題

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D。只有選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文：它不限制于有形的物質(zhì)設(shè)施,但是也服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D包括,與原文encompass意思最相近。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“...,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”每個(gè)主題都以這樣或那樣的方式處理社會生產(chǎn)和使用商品和服務(wù)的方式。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Doctors,lawyers,teachers,and