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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)賢達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)人文學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Afussypersonusuallyhasonlyafewfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Afilthy

B.Apicky

C.Anobstinate

D.Astubborn

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Afilthy一個(gè)下流的(人)B.Apicky一個(gè)挑剔的(人)

C.Anobstinate一個(gè)執(zhí)拗的(人)D.Astubborn一個(gè)固執(zhí)的(人)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞形容人,后文提到“通常只有幾個(gè)朋友”,指這種人不怎么受歡迎,原詞fussy“挑剔的”,因此,B選項(xiàng)Apicky“一個(gè)挑剔的(人)”最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】挑剔的人通常沒什么朋友。

2.單選題

TheBritishpublicwasslowlyeasedintotheknowledgethatwhathadbeenseenasafairytalemarriagehasbeen[A]deeplymiserable.Aseparationwasannouncedin1992.Onthattelevisionprogramin1995Dianahintedthatthe[B]princessmightneverbecomeking.Asforherselfshewouldliketobe[C]“kingofpeople’shearts”.Theput-uponrealqueenhad[D]hadenough.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deeply

B.princess

C.“kingofpeople’shearts”

D.had

【答案】B

【解析】考查混用詞語(yǔ)。B選項(xiàng)處指的是PrinceCharles,應(yīng)把princess改為prince。

3.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheyarepartoftheChristiantradition.

B.TheyaretheoldestbuildingsinEurope.

C.Theyareinworseningcondition.

D.Theyarerenovatedtoattracttourists.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistofseveralstoreys.

B.Theyarewithoutfoundations.

C.Theyare40metrestallonaverage.

D.Theyhaveahistoryof14centuries.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Woodenbuildingskeptthecoldout.

B.Woodwasharmoniouswithnature.

C.TimberwasabundantinScandinavia.

D.TheVikingslikedwoodenstructures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Datingfromasfarbackasthe12thcentury,theyareclaimedtobetheraresthistoricbuildingsinwesternEurope.ThesebuildingsoffervitalinsightsintoScandinavia’sVikingpast.Butnow,[16]withonly30woodenchurchesremainingandtheirconditiondeteriorating,expertsareworkingtopreservethestructuresforfuturegenerations.

Someofthesespectacularchurchesarenomorethansmallbuildings,barelyfourmeterswideandsixmeterstall.Othersaremuchlargerstructures.Theysoarupto40metersintothecoldair.Mostconsistoftimberframesthatrestonstoneblocks.[17]Thismeansthattheyhavenofoundations.Althoughmanyofthechurchesappearfromtheoutsidetobecomplexstructures,theynormallyfeatureonlyasinglestoreybutnumerousdifferentrooflevels.

StafffromtheNorwegiangovernmenthavecarriedoutconservationworkon10ofthechurchesoverthepasttwoyears.Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.Otherchurcheswereconservedinpreviousyears.Sofar,specialistshaveworkedtoaddpreservativematerialstothechurches,exteriors.Theyalsoreplacedrottingrootsandhaltedthesinkingofthechurchesintotheground.

Intwocases,hugemachineshavebeenusedtoliftthebuildingsupto30centimetersintotheair.Thiswasaccomplishedsothattheteamcouldexamineandrepairthechurches,originalmedievalstoneblocks.Theteamplanstoreturntoaroundadozenofthebuildingstoassessprogressandconsiderfurtheraction.

Theearliestfree-standingwoodenchurchwasprobablybuiltinNorwayinaround1080.However,thelargestknownwoodenchurcheswerebuiltfromthe1130sonwards.Thisperiodwasoneofinter-eliterivalryinwhichnoblessoughttoincreasetheirinfluencebyfundingtheconstructionofchurchesandotherbuildings.

[18]ThereasonforconstructingthebuildingsfromwoodisprobablythatideallyproportionedstraightandslendertimberwasavailableinlargequantitiesinScandinavia’svastpineforests.Aswoodwassoplentiful,itwascheapertousethanthestoneusedinthebuildingsofotherEuropeancultures.

Thearea’sship-buildingtradition,partlyestablishedbytheVikings,alsomeantthatsophisticatedcarpentrywasamajoraspectofthelocalculture.Thecomplexstyleofthemedievalwoodenchurchcarvings,andtheskillsusedtomakethem,almostcertainlyderivefromtheancientVikingtradition.

16.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheVikingwoodenchurches?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于維京人木制教堂的信息。錄音開頭提到,現(xiàn)在只剩下30座維京人的木制教堂,而且它們的狀況正在惡化(theirconditiondeteriorating)。C選項(xiàng)是對(duì)錄音原文的同義替換,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們是基督教傳統(tǒng)的一部分”和D選項(xiàng)“為了吸引游客”在錄音中均沒有提及;B選項(xiàng)“它們是歐洲最古老的建筑”,錄音開頭提到,它們被認(rèn)為是西歐最稀有的歷史建筑,并沒有說是最古老的,因此不正確。

17.WhatisspecialaboutmostoftheVikingwoodenchurches?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問維京人的木制教堂有什么特別之處?錄音提到,大多數(shù)教堂由靠在石塊上的木架組成,這意味著它們沒有地基(theyhavenofoundations),這和一般的建筑不同,也就是說,沒有地基就是它們的特別之處,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們由幾層樓組成”,錄音中提到維京人的木制教堂通常只有一層,因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“它們平均有40米高”,錄音只是說有些教堂能高聳至40米,并不是說它們平均有40米高,因此C選項(xiàng)也可排除;D選項(xiàng)“它們有14個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史”,錄音提到的是這些教堂大多建于12至14世紀(jì),D選項(xiàng)與錄音表述不符,因此不正確。

18.WhyweretheVikingchurchesconstructedfromwood?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問為什么維京人的教堂是木制的?錄音后面提到,用木材建造建筑的原因可能是,在斯堪的納維亞廣袤的松林中可以獲得大量筆直細(xì)長(zhǎng)的木材,C選項(xiàng)“斯堪的納維亞木材豐富”與此信息為同義表述,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“木制建筑可以御寒”;B選項(xiàng)“木材與自然搭配和諧”以及D選項(xiàng)“維京人喜歡木制建筑”均不是用木材建造建筑的原因,因此可排除。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofanappropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneformofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressiontheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression:“aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth.”Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenceagainstsociety.Tomakeupforhisoffence,societymustgeteven.Thiscanbedoneonlybydoinganequalinjurytohim.Thisconceptionofretributivejusticeisreflectedinmanypartsofthelegaldocumentsandproceduresofmoderntimes.Itisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohadcommittedmurder.ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltogiveapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminalhadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwillcounteractthisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphisownwillpayhisdebt.Thedemandofthedeathpenaltyisarightthestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimhisdue.

Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatisinhim.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwillenablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbeadministered,thecausesofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthecausecanberemoved,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.

Onlythosecriminalswhoareincurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofthesociety.Thisdoesnotmeanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersofcrime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.Ifseverepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccompanyingthis,itshouldbeadministered.However,theindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumeanormalplaceinsociety.Hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunitytomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis().

2.Thepassageimpliesthatthebasicdifferencebetweenretributivejusticeandcorrectivejusticeisthe().

3.Thepunishmentthatwouldbemostinconsistentwiththeviewsofcorrectivejusticewouldbe().

4.TheBiblicalexpression“aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth”waspresentedinorderto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.FittingPunishmenttotheCrime

B.ApproachestoJustPunishment

C.ImprovementinLegalJustice

D.AttainingJusticeintheCourts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.typeofcrimethatwasproven

B.severityofthepunishment

C.reasonforthesentence

D.outcomeofthetrial

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.forcedlabour

B.imprisonment

C.fairsentence

D.theelectricchair

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.provethatequalitydemandsjustpunishment

B.justifytheneedforpunishmentasapartoflaw

C.givemoralbacktoretributivejustice

D.showthatmanhaslongbeeninterestedinjustice

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.1.這篇文章最好的題目是______。

A.FittingPunishmenttotheCrimeA.對(duì)罪行的適當(dāng)懲罰

B.ApproachestoJustPunishmentB.公正懲罰的方法

C.ImprovementinLegalJusticeC.加強(qiáng)司法公正

D.AttainingJusticeintheCourtsD.在法庭上獲得公正

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位文章段落中心句,第一段首句“社會(huì)的正義必須包括對(duì)被告的公平審判和對(duì)被證明有罪的人選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽土P”,第二段首句“現(xiàn)代法學(xué)家試圖用糾正正義的概念來取代報(bào)應(yīng)正義”以及第三段首句“只有那些無法治愈的罪犯才應(yīng)該與社會(huì)的其他部分永久隔離”;然后,文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu),也就是說第一段中心句為文章的主旨,即公正懲罰的途徑,所以B項(xiàng)“公正懲罰的方法”符合文章主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“對(duì)罪行的適當(dāng)懲罰”、C項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)司法公正”和D項(xiàng)“在法庭上獲得公正”都是以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thepassageimpliesthatthebasicdifferencebetweenretributivejusticeandcorrectivejusticeisthe______.2.這篇文章暗示了報(bào)應(yīng)正義和糾正正義的根本區(qū)別是______。

A.typeofcrimethatwasprovenA.被證實(shí)的犯罪類型

B.severityofthepunishmentB.懲罰的嚴(yán)厲程度

C.reasonforthesentenceC.判刑的原因

D.outcomeofthetrialD.審判的結(jié)果

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞retributivejustice和correctivejustice定位至文章第二段,第二和第三句提到“后者(糾正正義)的目的不是要放棄平等的概念,而是要找到一種更適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹肀磉_(dá)它。它試圖保持這樣一種理念(Ittriestopreservetheidea),即每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己最好的一面?!?,從中可知,兩種司法審判類型不同的根本原因在于司法理念的不同,所以兩者之間最主要的差異應(yīng)該是判刑的原因。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“被證實(shí)的犯罪類型”和D項(xiàng)“審判的結(jié)果”沒有提及,無中生有;

B項(xiàng)“懲罰的嚴(yán)厲程度”是德國(guó)唯心主義者黑格爾的觀點(diǎn),與題干無關(guān),張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Thepunishmentthatwouldbemostinconsistentwiththeviewsofcorrectivejusticewouldbe______.3.最不符合糾正正義觀點(diǎn)的懲罰是______。

A.forcedlaborA.強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)

B.imprisonmentB.監(jiān)禁

C.fairsentenceC.公平判決

D.theelectricchairD.電椅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)correctivejustice可以定位到第二段對(duì)correctivejustice的描述:它試圖保持這樣一種理念,即每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己最好的一面。罪犯被認(rèn)為患有社會(huì)疾病,需要治療,以使他成為社會(huì)的正常成員。在進(jìn)行治療之前,必須找出他反社會(huì)行為的原因。如果原因可以消除,就必須做出規(guī)定來做到這一點(diǎn)。從中可知,根據(jù)“correctivejustice”的理論,要先找出犯人犯罪的原因并想辦法消除它;對(duì)犯人可以采取嚴(yán)厲的懲罰,但懲罰是為使犯人改過,不是為了使其得到相應(yīng)的報(bào)應(yīng),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中D項(xiàng)“電椅”是極端的做法,不符合此理論。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)”、B項(xiàng)“監(jiān)禁”和C項(xiàng)“公平判決”都符合糾正正義的理論,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.TheBiblicalexpression“aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth”waspresentedinorder______.4.《圣經(jīng)》中的表達(dá)“以眼還眼,以牙還牙”是為了______。

A.provethatequalitydemandsjustpunishmentA.證明平等需要公正的懲罰

B.justifytheneedforpunishmentasapartoflawB.證明懲罰是法律的一部分

C.givemoralbacktoretributivejusticeC.將道德還給報(bào)應(yīng)正義

D.showthatmanhaslongbeeninterestedinjusticeD.表明人類長(zhǎng)期以來對(duì)正義很感興趣

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位第一段第二和第三句“由于正義被視為平等的一種形式,我們?cè)谒脑缙诒磉_(dá)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了懲罰等于犯罪的想法(wefindinitsearlierexpressiontheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime)?!妒ソ?jīng)》中有這樣一種說法:‘以眼還眼,以牙還牙?!?,從中得知,正義在很久以前就已經(jīng)以另外一種形式出現(xiàn),即懲罰等于犯罪;在這里作者沒有表達(dá)或反駁任何觀點(diǎn),只是做了介紹說明;綜合理解可知,文章中使用《圣經(jīng)》中的表達(dá)“以眼還眼,以牙還牙”是為了表明人類長(zhǎng)期以來對(duì)正義很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“證明平等需要公正的懲罰”沒有體現(xiàn),無中生有;

B項(xiàng)“證明懲罰是法律的一部分”表述錯(cuò)誤,懲罰只是對(duì)現(xiàn)代法律文件和程序的許多部分的反映,而不是其中一部分,曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“將道德還給報(bào)應(yīng)正義”是第二段內(nèi)容,與題干無關(guān),張冠李戴。

5.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid,yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfasterthanknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon’tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon’tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant:notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivated,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo:theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,“Thoroughlyconsciousignorance...isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.’’

Thisperspectiveonscience—thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers—shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles—andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia—thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostscholarsagreetoaboutNewtonandscience?

2.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

3.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

4.Theexpression“takeabackseat”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans(

)

5.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Newtonwastheonlypersonwhoknewallthescienceinthe1600s.

B.Newton’slawsofforceandgravitydominatedsciencefor350years.

C.SinceNewton’stime,sciencehasdevelopedintoamountainoffacts.

D.AhighschoolstudentprobablyknowsmoresciencethanNewtondid.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takeabackplace

B.haveadifferentrole

C.beofgreaterpriority

D.becomelessimportant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists’enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:關(guān)于牛頓和科學(xué),大多數(shù)學(xué)者同意以下哪一種觀點(diǎn)?根據(jù)第一段第一句“MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton…probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime”和第三句“ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid…”,在牛頓的時(shí)代他可能知曉那個(gè)年代所有的科學(xué)知識(shí),但現(xiàn)代高中生擁有的科學(xué)知識(shí)可能都比他要多。A選項(xiàng)only過于絕對(duì),選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:下列哪項(xiàng)最能得從本文中獲取依據(jù)?根據(jù)第二段第四句“Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist…”,懂得多的人才能當(dāng)科學(xué)家,因此推出A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家是知識(shí)大師”。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant…”,科學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)重要成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無知方式,B選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為科學(xué)知識(shí)。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:為什么科學(xué)關(guān)注的是問題而不是答案?由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”,作者認(rèn)為,人們更容易了解問題(questionsarealsomoreaccessible)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.詞義推測(cè)題。題干:”takeabackseat”可能是指______。第五段第一句“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer”提到,人們?cè)絹碓讲辉诤蹩茖W(xué)的這一面了。因此這里的“takeabackseat”指“變得沒俺么重要”。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么?全文講的是科學(xué)與大眾的關(guān)系,文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”,作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學(xué)中來。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松節(jié)油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT().

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.(即使有醫(yī)生,他們也常常像他們的病人一樣缺乏知識(shí)。)故A選項(xiàng)“他們不知道如何治療他們不熟悉的疾病”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)在城市建立業(yè)務(wù)更感興趣”,C選項(xiàng)“他們更關(guān)心做研究而不是治療病人”,D選項(xiàng)“他們經(jīng)常對(duì)他們病人的疾病無可奈何”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

32.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.(大多數(shù)專利藥和賣專利藥的流動(dòng)商人的藥品一樣,都不可靠。)所以我們可以推理出專利藥的效果難以保證。C選項(xiàng)“它們的效果不太好?!闭_。A選項(xiàng)“它們不貴”,B選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)治療蛇咬傷有幫助”,D選項(xiàng)“它們味道很重”都不符合原文。故選C。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句,提示詞learnbackhome(從家學(xué)習(xí)到的),可以在下半句找到答案,theirEasterncousins(她們東部的表兄弟們)可推理出她們來自美國(guó)的東部地區(qū)。A選項(xiàng)Thedesert“沙漠”;B選項(xiàng)Thewest“西部”;C選項(xiàng)ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”,首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(作為她家庭健康的守護(hù)者,這位開拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她從未想象過的情況。很少有婦女來西部就準(zhǔn)備好了應(yīng)對(duì)沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇的咬傷或箭傷的。)由此可排除AB選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng),文中只說了穿越了密西西比并沒有直接說明來自那里。故選D。

34.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(很少的婦女來到西部,就能夠準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇咬傷或者箭傷的。)A選項(xiàng)“箭傷”,C選項(xiàng)“沙漠曬傷”,D選項(xiàng)“響尾蛇咬傷”在句中都有提及,而B選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的凍傷”并未涉及,故選B。

35.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)sincere“真誠(chéng)的”;B選項(xiàng)young“年輕的”;C選項(xiàng)resourceful“有策略的,足智多謀的”;D選項(xiàng)rich“富有的”。從第一段我們知道西部地區(qū)是比較艱苦的,定位到第二段awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.(女人可以借鑒自己在家里學(xué)到的民間智慧和療法。)由此我們可知先鋒者在西部艱苦的地方生存下來是需要有一定技巧的,故選C。

7.單選題

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。分析句子成分可知空格處所填成分為定語(yǔ),when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:瓦倫斯坦的研究表明,即使過了十年,年輕男女仍然會(huì)受到父母離婚的影響,這些離婚是在他們還是孩子時(shí)發(fā)生的。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Youhavetopaya(n)premiumforexpressdelivery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extratip

B.extrabonus

C.extracharge

D.extraprice

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.extratip額外的小費(fèi)B.extrabonus額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

C.extracharge額外費(fèi)用D.extraprice額外價(jià)格

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句的意思是如果要寄特快專遞的話,就要收取額外的費(fèi)用,原詞premium“附加費(fèi)”,C選項(xiàng)extracharge“額外的服務(wù)費(fèi)”符合該語(yǔ)境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)extratip“額外的小費(fèi)”,小費(fèi)一般是給服務(wù)員的,如餐廳服務(wù)員或者理發(fā)師,為了感謝他們的服務(wù);

B選項(xiàng)extrabonus“額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”,原句是要收費(fèi),而不是給獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);

D選項(xiàng)extraprice“額外價(jià)格”,側(cè)重于指溢價(jià),比如快遞費(fèi)本來是8元,但是由于疫情,快遞小哥少,寄快遞漲價(jià)了(假設(shè)),要10元,中間漲的2元就屬于extraprice“額外價(jià)格”。

【句意】寄特快專遞的話,你得付額外費(fèi)用。

9.單選題

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof(1)anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman

(2)

inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave

(3)

himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many

(4)

judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis

(5)

oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand

(6)

allhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he

(7)

languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He

(8)

totakepartinthenationalist

(9)

likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

(10)

interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken

(11)

ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe

(12).

Whenhegraduatedin1902,he

(13)

hewouldbecomeawriterandan

(14)

,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone

(15)

theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting

(16)

,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,

(17)

thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall

(18)

tobecomeinvolvedinpopular

(19)

orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin

(20)

andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investigating

B.constructing

C.depicting

D.experiencing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nature

B.method

C.surrounding

D.figure

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.magnified

C.exaggerated

D.made

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wearing

B.worn

C.critics

D.takingoff

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mastery

B.acquisition

C.familiarity

D.acquaintance

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.unscripted

B.illuminated

C.documented

D.wrote

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attempted

B.persuaded

C.studied

D.undertook

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.accepted

B.refused

C.persevered

D.admitted

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.movement

B.revolution

C.campaign

D.challenge

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.addicted

C.fascinated

D.unconcerned

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.journals

B.articles

C.argumentations

D.paintings

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.artificial

C.rendered

D.original

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.sensed

B.knew

C.presented

D.suggested

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.exile

B.imprisonment

C.obtrude

D.expire

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.without

B.withstand

C.withdraw

D.withhold

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.mutably

B.truthfully

C.ephemerally

D.filially

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.hither

C.within

D.beneath

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.tabernacles

B.reiteration

C.temptations

D.reimbursement

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.publication

C.impact

D.opinion

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.tranquility

B.poverty

C.exhilaration

D.matriculation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】(1)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。investigate“調(diào)查;研究”;construct“建造,創(chuàng)立”;depict“描述”;experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn);體驗(yàn)”。由anIrishnovelist與anovel可知B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。答案B。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。nature“性質(zhì)”;method“方法”;surrounding“環(huán)境”;figure“數(shù)字”。由portrayal及human可知這里指代人物本性。答案A。

(3)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。perform“執(zhí)行”;magnify“放大”;exaggerate“使擴(kuò)大;使增大”;make“制造;形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案為D。

(4)考查動(dòng)詞及名詞詞義辨析。wearing“穿著”;worn“疲倦的;用舊的”;critics“評(píng)論家;吹毛求疵的人”;takingoff“測(cè)量;減退”。由judge可知C項(xiàng)符合題意,答案C。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。mastery“掌握”;acquisition“獲得”;familiarity“熟悉”;acquaintance“熟人;知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A項(xiàng)正確,答案A。

(6)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”;illuminate“闡明;照亮”;document“用文件證明”;

write“書寫;寫信給”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D項(xiàng)正確,答案D。

(7)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attempt“企圖,嘗試”;persuade“說服;勸說”;study“學(xué)習(xí);細(xì)察”;undertake“承擔(dān);從事”。由“inDublinCollege及“l(fā)anguages可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案C。

(8)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accept“接受;容納”;refuse“拒絕;抵制”;persevere“堅(jiān)持;不屈不撓”;admit“承認(rèn);準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入”。由“but”可知這里指代“拒絕參加”。答案B。

(9)考查固定搭配。movement“運(yùn)動(dòng);運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”;revolution“革命;運(yùn)行”;campaign“運(yùn)動(dòng)”;challenge“挑戰(zhàn);懷疑”。由歷史常識(shí)“愛爾蘭有反對(duì)英國(guó)統(tǒng)治的民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng)歷史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A項(xiàng)符合題意。答案A。

(10)考查副詞及形容詞詞義辨析。passionately“熱情地;激昂地”;addicted“沉溺于”;fascinated“著迷的”;unconcerned“不關(guān)心的;無憂慮的”。interestedinliterature中interested為形容詞,需用一個(gè)副詞來修飾interested,A項(xiàng)符合題意。答案A。

(11)考查名詞詞義辨析。journal“日?qǐng)?bào),日記”;article“文章;條款”;argumentation“論證;辯論”;painting“繪畫”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。答案B。

(12)考查形容詞詞義辨析。primary“主要的;基本的”;artificial“仿造的”;rendered“已渲染的”;original“原始的;新穎的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知這里指代“閱讀易卜生用挪威語(yǔ)寫的原著”,故答案D。

(13)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。sense感覺到;know“知道”;present“提出;呈現(xiàn);贈(zèng)送”;suggest“提議;暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B項(xiàng)符合題意,答案B。

(14)考查動(dòng)詞及名詞詞義辨析。exile“流放,離鄉(xiāng)背井者”;imprisonment“監(jiān)禁;坐牢”;obtrude“逼使;強(qiáng)迫”;expire“呼出(氣體),排出”。由awriter可知這里應(yīng)填名詞,由此排除C項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng);再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在國(guó)外”知“離鄉(xiāng)背井者”符合,故答案A。

(15)考查介詞及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。without“沒有”;withstand“抵擋;反抗”;withdraw“撤退;撤銷”;withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”與“theother”分別指代一種身份知空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示“沒有”意思的介詞,故本題答案選項(xiàng)為A。

(16)考查副詞詞義辨析。mutably“無常地”;truthfully“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”;ephemerally“短暫地”;filially“孝順地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”符合題意,答案B。

(17)考查介詞和副詞詞義辨析。about關(guān)于;大約”;hither“到這里;在這里”;within“在······之內(nèi)”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本題答案為A。

(18)考查名詞詞義辨析。tabernacle“臨時(shí)房屋;神龕”;reiteration“重復(fù);重說”;temptation“引誘;誘惑物”;reimbursement“退還;賠償”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular(

)orpubliclife可知本題答案C。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“承認(rèn),認(rèn)出;公認(rèn)”;publication“出版;出版物”;impact“影響”;opinion“意見,觀點(diǎn)”。由orpubliclife可知D項(xiàng)正確,答案D。

(20)考查名詞詞義辨析。tranquility“寧?kù)o;平靜”;poverty“貧窮;困難”;exhilaration“興奮;歡欣”;matriculation“入學(xué)考試;錄取入學(xué)”。由obscurity可知本題答案為B。

10.單選題

Thechildhasagood()memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。convey動(dòng)詞,“傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸”;verbal“口頭的,言語(yǔ)的”;optimistic“樂觀的”;authentic“真正的”。根據(jù)下文“她能準(zhǔn)確地復(fù)述她母親講給她聽的故事”,說明孩子的口頭記憶很好,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

IunderstandyourhobbyisphotographyandI’vegotajobthat(

)interesty

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