考研考博-英語-北京師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

問題1選項

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項flexible“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”；B選項loose“寬松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C選項elastic“（物理上的）有彈性的；靈活的；易伸縮的”；D選項resourceful“資源豐富的；足智多謀的；機智的”。句意：把面團揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有彈性，因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

問題1選項

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識別；承認，認出；”;appreciation“欣賞，鑒別;感謝”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“參與;分享;參股”。根據(jù)cheer與caughttheball可知觀眾是因為球被接住歡呼，對球員表示贊賞，因此選項B符合題意。句意：當球員接住球時，觀眾歡呼表示贊賞。

3.單選題

Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(諷刺性地)，thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).

1.Theword“pinpoint”(Para.1，Line3)basicallymeans（

）.

2.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger’ssuggestionsthat（

）.

4.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor’sopinion,are（

）

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.appreciate

B.obtain

C.interpret

D.identify

問題2選項

A.Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.

B.Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.

C.Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.

D.Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople’spersonality.

問題3選項

A.Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.

B.inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly-

C.thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.

D.face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson

問題4選項

A.personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwith

B.barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywith

C.assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatements

D.thingspeopleshouldguardagainst

問題5選項

A.togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasions

B.toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeople

C.tocallthereader’sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople’scharacters

D.todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)上下文可推斷pinpoint的意思與perceive“了解，認知”相似。第一段提到pinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters深入內(nèi)心確定他的態(tài)度、情感、動機、能力、想法和性格。所以選項D符合題意。

2.第一段最后一句wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance提到人們常常以為短短幾秒鐘就能夠了解他人，然而事實卻遠非這樣，這顯然是低估了了解他人的難度。所以選項B符合題意。

3.Berger建議了幾種了解他人的方法，但是僅從一個方面去了解他人是行不通的，因為大部分人都在不斷改，而我們用來獲得信息的這些方法不夠精確（gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise），選項A符合題意。

4.文章最后一句話提到對于建議一段良好的人際關(guān)系而言，他人的秘密和欺騙與他人的自我表露和實話一樣重要，這非常具有諷刺意味。選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要討論了了解他人的不同方面，如：識人的困難、方法及隱瞞和欺騙的積極方面等。所以選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

問題1選項

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞不定式短語作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句，forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語從句，在這個從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語，展開后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge，是主句中的we主動的發(fā)出base這個動作，所以不能使用被動語態(tài)，排除A，D選項；動詞不定式短語作定語時要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)（但是并非從句）且和base這個動作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前，排除B選項。句意：沒有事實，我們就不能形成有價值的觀點，因為我們需要事實知識來作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Ineverknowwhetherthebosswilldismissmebecauseofmybeinglateforwork,soIcan'taffordto（）myduties.

問題1選項

A.neglect

B.deny

C.refuse

D.ignore

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。neglect“疏忽；忽視”；deny“否定；否認”；refuse“拒絕，回絕”；ignore“忽視；不理睬”。句意：我從不知道老板是否將會因為我上班遲到而解雇我，所以我不能承受去疏忽我的職責。由前半句可知，此空表達的是“不能承受疏忽職責”之意，故A項正確。

6.寫作題

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

7.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項complement“補足；補充”；B選項flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項flatten“擊敗；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來害處，至少在奉承其對葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來害處。結(jié)合此處語境，B選項正確。

8.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問題2選項

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問題3選項

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問米歇爾?奧巴馬競選的目的是什么？錄音開頭提到目前針對米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動起來”的運動有越來越多的評論，該運動鼓勵孩子多參加運動來對抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運動的目的就是對抗兒童肥胖，A選項與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“幫助弱勢兒童”；C選項“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及；D選項“鼓勵孩子多運動”最具干擾性，這是對抗兒童肥胖的方式，并不是最終的目的，因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于職業(yè)運動員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)錄音，2010年，研究人員報道指出，12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說，由專業(yè)運動員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”；B選項“放在網(wǎng)上時最能促進產(chǎn)品銷量”，利用TV和online設(shè)置干擾項，錄音原文并沒有對這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進行對此，因此可排除；C選項“它們變得越來越普遍”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該做什么？錄音最后提到，如果孩子們以運動員為榜樣，如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一，那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應(yīng)該要追隨的更健康的生活方式，所以講話人認為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該一直傳達積極行為的信息。D選項中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達，因此D選項“時刻傳達積極的行為”正確。A選項“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”；B選項“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

9.單選題

Hardlyaweekgoesbywithoutsomeadvanceintechnologythatwouldhaveseemedincredible50yearsago.

問題1選項

A.hardtoimagine

B.hardtobelieve

C.hardtoinvent

D.hardtounderstand

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.hardtoimagine難以想象的B.hardtobelieve難以相信

C.hardtoinvent難以發(fā)明的D.hardtounderstand難以理解的

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】原句中incredible用來形容的是“幾乎每周都有技術(shù)上的進步”，根據(jù)常理來說，這在50年前是可能做到的，所以難以讓人相信，原詞incredible“難以置信的”，因此，B選項hardtobelieve“難以相信的”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項排除】

A選項hardtoimagine“難以想象的”，與原詞詞義不夠相近；

C選項hardtoinvent“難以發(fā)明的”，不符合原文語義；

D選項hardtounderstand“難以理解的”，與原詞詞義不夠相近。

【句意】幾乎每周都有一些技術(shù)進步，這在50年前似乎是不可思議的。

10.填空題

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.語法題。此處應(yīng)該用介詞at。Atthetradefair在交易會上。

2.

語法題。此處有提示詞since,所以此處表示

“自從2007年來,就沒見過他們了”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定haven’t

done。

3.語義題。此處填both(兩者都…)符合句意。

4.語義題。Neither表示“都不”。

11.單選題

（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

問題1選項

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充當主句的主語，選項中的mathematics是主語從句的主語。所以前面的主語從句完整不缺成分，只有that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語從句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：數(shù)學是人類知識中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，這一點已被廣泛接受。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

12.單選題

IsitsurprisingthatawaveofsadnesssweptovermeasIlookedforthelasttimeattheFlamingCliffs,gorgeousinthemorningsunshineofthatbrilliantAugustday?

問題1選項

A.splendid

B.risky

C.restless

D.gloomy

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.splendid壯麗的，雄偉的B.risky有危險（或風險）的

C.restless坐立不安的，不耐煩的D.gloomy黑暗的，陰暗的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】gorgeous的意思為“非常漂亮的，美麗動人的”，用來形容烈火危崖的美麗壯闊的景色，splendid與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】我最后一眼眺望烈火危崖，在八月燦爛的早晨陽光下，它美極了，這時一股悲傷席卷了我，這不是非常令人震驚嗎？

13.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實質(zhì);antagonism對抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意：雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對抗對立和猜疑。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.

問題1選項

A.strong

B.dead

C.dying

D.lethal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項strong“強壯的”；B選項dead“無生命的；呆板的；廢棄了的”；C選項dying“垂死的；臨終的；瀕臨消亡的；快要結(jié)束的”；D選項lethal“致命的”。句意：判處死刑，蘇格拉底本可以逃脫但選擇喝……毒藥尋求真理。根據(jù)poison（毒藥），A，B，C項都不能與poison（毒藥）進行搭配，結(jié)合句意，選項D為正確答案。

15.單選題

Bythetimethetourends,thefootballteam（）twentymatchesinfourcountries.

問題1選項

A.willplay

B.willbeplaying

C.willhaveplayed

D.willhavebeenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)前一句Bythetimethetourends“到巡回賽結(jié)束時”，表示巡回賽還在進行，By接的是將來的時間，那么主句也需要用將來完成時。將來完成時的構(gòu)成willhavedone。句意：到巡回賽結(jié)束時，足球隊將在4個國家踢20次比賽。因此C選項符合題意。

16.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美國政府對全球變暖問題沒有積極主動地采取相應(yīng)措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”雖然美國各州和國會的行動正朝著正確的方向推進，但政府在政策上的模糊性卻產(chǎn)生了相反的效果?！笨芍绹谌蜃兣@個問題上什么也沒做，因此選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前為止，美國公司還沒有捕捉獲碳排放的動力?？芍狟選項“公司在采用新技術(shù)方面沒有很強的積極性?！币虼薆選項符合題意。A選項“現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)只能處理大規(guī)模的碳排放”；C選項“政府對使用煤炭和石油的政策是產(chǎn)生相反的效果”；D選項“公司不愿意卷入政治問題”。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的大意為：現(xiàn)在是美國政府為碳排放定價的時候了，使投資于技術(shù)使碳排放減少的公用事業(yè)將看到他們的努力得到回報。這一舉措不僅會降低全球變暖帶來的風險，而且對恢復(fù)美國的環(huán)保信譽也有很大幫助。因此A選項“政府應(yīng)該征收碳排放，以鼓勵公司采用新技術(shù)。”符合題意。

17.單選題

Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.

問題1選項

A.variable

B.various

C.different

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:variable“可變的”；B:various“各種各樣的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由這個電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的熱量是可變的--任意轉(zhuǎn)動一個小的操按鈕即可。根據(jù)句意，判斷出A為正確答案。

18.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

問題1選項

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

問題2選項

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

問題3選項

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

問題4選項

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

問題5選項

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一個令人發(fā)指的建議，政府應(yīng)為考古學提供資金，并減少非法挖掘的數(shù)量。）”。A選項“博物館文物陳列的替代品”；B選項“在有益于考古行業(yè)的同時遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C選項“區(qū)分有科學價值和沒有科學價值的文物的方法”；D選項“政府對考古遺址的管制”。聯(lián)系全文可知B選項更符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至沒有足夠的錢來整理這些發(fā)現(xiàn)；結(jié)果，它們再也找不到了，變得像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過一樣難以接近。）”。A選項“博物館官員很少允許學者接觸這些文物”；

B選項“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空間用于存儲”；C選項“在發(fā)掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物往往彼此分離”；D選項“這類工件通常保持未編目狀態(tài)，因此一旦放入存儲中就無法定位”。因此D選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建議，科學的考古考察和政府當局在公開市場上出售發(fā)掘出來的文物。這種銷售將為挖掘和保存考古遺址以及公布結(jié)果提供大量資金。）”。A選項“潛在購買者更愿意購買經(jīng)過認證的文物”；B選項“非法挖掘文物的價格會上漲”；C選項“計算機可以用來追蹤出售的文物”；D選項“出售經(jīng)過鑒定的文物所得的錢可以用來調(diào)查和起訴非法挖掘者”。因此D選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但對這種秘密產(chǎn)品的需求將大大減少。）”由此可知復(fù)制的工件會供過于求，于是這些工件會大量涌現(xiàn)，最終會導(dǎo)致對這些暢銷品的需求下降。因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型發(fā)掘中，考古學家最近在一個院子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了2000個幾乎無法辨認的小陶罐。）”，由此可推斷出塞浦路斯可能會成為復(fù)制品的主要市場來源。A選項“非法挖掘最終將完全停止”說法太過絕對化，文章并未提到完全終止。B選項“考古學家將能夠比現(xiàn)在更頻繁地公布他們的發(fā)掘成果”，如果復(fù)制工件合法化，考古學家會更愿意公開他們的挖掘成果。因此D選項正確。

19.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WaystoFightRisingFoodPricesFood,clothingandsheltergenerallytopthelistofbasichumanneeds.Whileshoppingatadiscountstoreinsteadofthemallgenerallytakescareoftheclothingissue,andlivinginasmallapartmentinsteadofaMcMansioncanaddressyourhousingsituation,risingworldfoodpricescanleadtosomesignificantchallengesinthefooddepartment.Everythingfromrisingtransportationcoststothedevelopmentofbiofuelspushesupthecostoffoodandputapinchonconsumers’wallets.(41)

Diningoutisexpensive.(42)Evengoodcoffeeischeapertomakeifyoudoityourself.Fastfoodisexcludedfromthecategory,ashigh-calorie,low-qualityfoodcanbeabargainprice,buttheimpactonyourlong-termhealthoverridesthebenefitofshort-termsavings.

Ifyoustumblearoundthegrocerystoreandfillyourcartwitheverythingthatcatchesyoureye,chancesareyouwillspendalotmoremoneythanyouneededto.(43)Planyourmealsfortheweekahead,andmakecarefulnoteofwhatyouneedtobuyinordertopreparethosemeals.Oncethelistismade,purchaseonlytheitemsonthelist,andavoidimpulsebuys.

Grocerystoresaredesignedtomakeyougothroughamazetogettothemostbasicitemsinthehopethatyouwillmakeafewimpulsebuysalongtheway.(44)Becausemostnecessitiesandbasiccookingitemsarefoundalongtheoutsideperimeterofthestore,startthereandworkyourwayaroundtheperimeterandstepintothemazetograbanyleftoveritemsonyourlist.

Ourfast-pacedsocietyencouragesconvenience,andgrocerystoreshavecapitalizedonthistrend.Ready-mademealsareeasytobuy,buttheycomewithapremiumpricetag.Insteadofputtingthatrotisseriechickenandmacaronisaladinyourcart,buytheingredientsandpreparethemealyourself.Thesameconceptappliestofrozenentrees,bakedgoodsandanyotherfoodsthathavebeenpreparedinsomewayforaddedconvenience.

(45)Payattentiontothepricesandpickupthefamily-sizepackageiftheper-unitcostislowerandyouhaveaplacetostoreit.Shoppingatbig-boxbulkretailerslikeSam’sClubandCostcocanalsosaveonyourbillifyoushoptherefrequentlyenoughtocoverthecostofmembership,butpaycarefulattentiontoyourspendinghabits.Thebigboxesareoftennobargaincomparedwithsalespricesandcouponsavingsatotherstores.Inaddition,theymayencourageyoutobuymorethanyouneed,drivingupyourgrocerybill.

A.Justaboutanynutritiousmealthatyoubuyinaformalrestaurantcanbemadeathomeforafractionoftheprice.

B.Ifyoukeeptoyourplannedlist,youwon’tbetemptedwhenyougetforceddownthejunkfoodaisletogetatthemilk.

C.Tominimizeyourcashoutlay,prepareashoppinglistbeforeyouleavehome.

D.Whiletheneedtoeatisn’tsomethingyoucanavoid,therearesomestepsyoucant