考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國(guó)鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國(guó)主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國(guó)用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段講到鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段講到美國(guó)工業(yè)化期間的勞動(dòng)力（Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways）和資金來(lái)源（Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion）。綜上所述，本文以工業(yè)化為中心，闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)鐵路的歷史”和D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)主要的工業(yè)中心”：文中沒(méi)有提到具體的工業(yè)中心，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”（第二段）？

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句，該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張（railwaynetworkexpanded），直到（until）美國(guó)的鐵路地圖看起來(lái)像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)連接著（connecting）所有重要的原材料來(lái)源地、它們的制造地點(diǎn)和配送中心?！?，可知這里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，連接著各個(gè)地點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)（contributedtotheindustrialgrowth），不僅（notonly）因?yàn)樗B接了這些主要的中心，而且（butalso）因?yàn)樗旧硪蚕牧舜罅康娜剂?、鐵和煤?！保@里表達(dá)的是鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)，而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題”和D選項(xiàng)“描述原材料分配的困難”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章，誰(shuí)是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者？

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句，該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品（Theproductsofthefactories）迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收（growingcities），工人和商人以此謀生?！?，可知消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路（builttherailways）的勞動(dòng)力（labor）部分來(lái)自美國(guó)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)”，這里是說(shuō)鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民，而不是說(shuō)鐵路工人消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”：農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者，而不是消費(fèi)者，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（surpluses）銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！保芍N往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分，而不是大部分，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)農(nóng)民，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過(guò)使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國(guó)家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無(wú)法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心?！?，可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄?，還有剩余的可以用來(lái)出口，和文章內(nèi)容不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械取代（Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery）”，機(jī)器代替人做農(nóng)活，做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè)，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“他們通過(guò)使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用所提高（moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery）”，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們把食物賣給歐洲國(guó)家”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！?，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：哪個(gè)單詞完美總結(jié)了Jennie的男朋友？A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)失敗者”，定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior（她的男友不僅吸毒而且有其他自殘的行為）。第三段作者還說(shuō)Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.（我只是不敢相信她真的認(rèn)為和一群廢柴在一起是可以接受的，尤其是她的男朋友。）也就是說(shuō)珍妮的男友是位失敗者，A選項(xiàng)最佳總結(jié)了她的男朋友。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)吸毒者”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)惹是生非的人”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)罪犯”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友這段感情的？B選項(xiàng)“他們不允許她繼續(xù)和他在一起”，定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.（她一直在向父母撒謊她要去哪里，甚至偷偷溜出去見(jiàn)那個(gè)男人，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌Ｍ谒磉叄┮虼宋覀兛梢缘贸鏊母改甘遣煌馑退谝黄鸬?，答案為B。A選項(xiàng)“他們非常寬容”，C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)這個(gè)并不關(guān)心”，D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們的女兒值得更好的”。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：作者對(duì)于Jennie和她男朋友的這段感情是怎么看的？D選項(xiàng)“她盡自己的最大努力去勸Jennie分手”，作者在第二段抱怨說(shuō)NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.（不管我怎么努力告訴她她值得更好的，她都不相信我）。在第三段又說(shuō)Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble（我試圖讓她相信，她正在毀掉自己的未來(lái)，惹上大麻煩），也就是說(shuō)作者一直想辦法勸阻珍妮不要繼續(xù)和她的男友來(lái)往了，答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)于Jennie選擇了一個(gè)這樣的男朋友感到很生氣”，B選項(xiàng)“她威脅說(shuō)，如果珍妮不聽(tīng)她的勸告，她就要同珍妮絕交”，C選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)于Jennie告訴她自己有男朋友而感到很驕傲”。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：作者對(duì)于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的？D選項(xiàng)“她感到高興并驕傲”；定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.（我只是在電話的另一端聽(tīng)著，喜極而泣。）證明作者得知這個(gè)消息之后又開(kāi)心又激動(dòng)，答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她感到松了一口氣”，B選項(xiàng)“她感到精疲力竭”，C選項(xiàng)“她感到沮喪并且生氣”。

5.歸納概括題。題干問(wèn)：作者寫(xiě)這篇文章是為了傳遞什么信息呢？D選項(xiàng)“真摯的友誼可以戰(zhàn)勝一切”；從全文來(lái)看，珍妮和作者有著十分深厚的友誼，她們彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友，這位男友不僅吸毒而且還有其他的自殘行為——這讓作者十分不安，希望珍妮立刻斷絕她和這位男友的來(lái)往。但一開(kāi)始珍妮并沒(méi)有接受她的規(guī)勸，所以作者感到十分沮喪。作者只能以她們的深厚友誼為賭注，希望珍妮能相信作者是在盡力拯救她，希望她們的友誼能幫助她們克服一切困難。最終珍妮經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的痛苦的思考，終于醒悟過(guò)來(lái)，和那位男友斷絕了關(guān)系，擺脫了困境，因此答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“毒品可以摧毀無(wú)辜的年輕人”，B選項(xiàng)“年輕人在挑選伴侶時(shí)應(yīng)該小心”，C選項(xiàng)“家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該照顧關(guān)心他們的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意義。

3.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達(dá)；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動(dòng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)的全面改革可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

______foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，therebe句型在此處作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)therebe句型與后半句之間缺少連接詞；B選項(xiàng)Havingnorain邏輯關(guān)系不正確；C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，但使用完成時(shí)更能表現(xiàn)因很久未下雨而導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果；因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。句意：因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有下雨，地里干枯得很厲害。

5.單選題

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutqualitycontrolproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorpOvernight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they’renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto.“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and“thelackofredundancyinoursystem.”

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAvePasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn’tmuchtheothercandoaboutit.“Avaccinemakercan’tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,”saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp,“there’sawholeindustrythat’sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime.”

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’InvivaC.hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

1.Shortagesoffluvaccineshowthat（

）.

2.Theword“cleared”(Line5,Paragraph3)mightmean（

）.

3.Privatecompanieshavelittleinterestinproducingfluvaccinesbecauseof（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluvaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitted

B.remove

C.proved

D.produced

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedprocess,highcost,lowprofitandhighrisk

B.shortagesoffertilizedchickeneggs

C.difficultyingrowinglivevirus

D.fastchangingoffluvirus

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithlimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AllAmericansarepersuadednottogetvaccinatedthisyear.

B.Thebigproblemininnovatingfluvaccineproducingtechniqueishowtogrowvirusinanewway.

C.Morefluvaccinescannotbeproducedinashorttimebecauseprivatecompaniesrefusetoproducemore.

D.Fluvaccinesareeasierthanmostvaccinestoproducethroughcellcultures.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“‘Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,’saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and‘thelackofredundancyinoursystem.’‘這再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性，’全國(guó)免疫信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的MartinMyers博士說(shuō)，‘我們的系統(tǒng)缺乏冗余?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“流感疫苗的供應(yīng)相當(dāng)薄弱，美國(guó)也沒(méi)有后備措施來(lái)彌補(bǔ)”正確。

2.詞義題。由“oneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.有一種基于文化的產(chǎn)品(SolvayPharmaceuticals的Invivac)已經(jīng)獲準(zhǔn)在歐洲上市?！备鶕?jù)formarketinginEurope可以判斷出應(yīng)該是“得到官方批準(zhǔn)和允許”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.為什么這樣一項(xiàng)基本的醫(yī)療服務(wù)如此容易被取消?主要是因?yàn)樗綘I(yíng)企業(yè)沒(méi)有動(dòng)力去追求它。”接下來(lái)作者介紹了復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)工藝，“Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.利潤(rùn)空間狹窄，需求變化無(wú)常，而且由于每年的流感病毒不同，任何剩余的疫苗都被浪費(fèi)了?！惫蔄項(xiàng)“流程復(fù)雜、成本高、利潤(rùn)低、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.政府估計(jì)，根據(jù)上周末宣布的自愿限制措施，仍有9500萬(wàn)人有資格注射疫苗。這幾乎是診所現(xiàn)有劑量的兩倍，但正常年份只有6000萬(wàn)美國(guó)人尋求注射?！笨芍呙绗F(xiàn)有劑量只有9500萬(wàn)的一半，即4700多萬(wàn)。故還有4700多萬(wàn)有資格注射疫苗的人無(wú)法得到注射。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第三段“Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.更新的技術(shù)正在研發(fā)中，專家們希望今年的失敗將加快創(chuàng)新的步伐。主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。”可知B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新流感疫苗生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的最大問(wèn)題是如何以新的方式培養(yǎng)病毒”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“所有的美國(guó)人被勸說(shuō)今年不要接種疫苗”與文中提到的“2-64歲的健康人群不用接種”不符。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗綘I(yíng)企業(yè)拒絕生產(chǎn)更多的流感疫苗，所以更多的流感疫苗無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出來(lái)”與文中提到的“疫苗生產(chǎn)操作的難度大導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)商無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更多流感疫苗”不符。D項(xiàng)“流感疫苗比大多數(shù)通過(guò)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的疫苗更容易生產(chǎn)?！迸c文中的“Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。用這種方法生產(chǎn)流感疫苗比大多數(shù)疫苗都難?！辈环?。

6.單選題

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知僅僅在單獨(dú)國(guó)家的框架內(nèi)觀察事態(tài)發(fā)展已不再可行。繼續(xù)局限于各州的地理邊界，容易導(dǎo)致例外主義。可推斷出從包容性的角度看，伊斯蘭教的發(fā)展將在全球范圍內(nèi)得到理解，并與其他宗教的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。這一現(xiàn)象可以表達(dá)包容的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽視了全球化的影響和全球化對(duì)歷史發(fā)展的直接影響。從句子中的also可判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為同一對(duì)象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于單獨(dú)的國(guó)家的地理邊界。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯蘭政治角色包括21世紀(jì)伊斯蘭教法對(duì)社會(huì)的意義、主流穆斯林活動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、心靈斗爭(zhēng)演變的例子。所以穆斯林和社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系不屬于伊斯蘭的政治角色。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯蘭教關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何組織人類的中心不是“國(guó)家”，而是社會(huì)團(tuán)體。因?yàn)閱卧~or可判斷出ummah應(yīng)該為前面提到的事物。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者認(rèn)為主流穆斯林思想和極端主義思想對(duì)于伊斯蘭和他們的社會(huì)里面都是很重要，因?yàn)榻缍ㄕ麄€(gè)社會(huì)秩序的發(fā)展性質(zhì)的辯論是決定21世紀(jì)亞洲穆斯林社會(huì)性質(zhì)的一個(gè)主要部分。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Mybrotherisapainterandworksina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.studio

B.stall

C.senate

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)studio“工作室，畫(huà)室”；B選項(xiàng)stall“貨攤”；C選項(xiàng)senate“參議院”；D選項(xiàng)stage“舞臺(tái)”。句意：我的兄弟是個(gè)畫(huà)家，在一個(gè)畫(huà)室工作。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Oldbeliefsdiehard;evenwhenjobsbecame（）,thelong-standingfearthatunemploymentcouldreturnatamoment’snoticepersisted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.pervasive

C.plentiful

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”；pervasive“無(wú)處不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)充足時(shí)，人們還是長(zhǎng)期害怕失業(yè)會(huì)來(lái)臨。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠；強(qiáng)使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹(shù)葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹(shù)葉）可推測(cè)acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項(xiàng)resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項(xiàng)shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析。similar后面要求跟to，表示“和……差不多”。與with連用，可以是thesamecasewith...，表示“……的情況也如此”。like作介詞，表示“像……一樣”。same后面跟as，組成thesame...as，表示“和……一樣”。句意：瑪麗有棕色的頭發(fā)。事實(shí)上，和你的很相似。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel，Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves，achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationow