考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐藥性和人口變化，瘧疾現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上比20年前更流行。由此可知，瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關(guān)。A選項(xiàng)“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結(jié)果，它導(dǎo)致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區(qū)；B選項(xiàng)“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性”，蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者，蚊子對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性，所以瘧疾傳播得更廣；C選項(xiàng)“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”，原文中科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D通過轉(zhuǎn)基因的蚊子來消滅瘧疾，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的；D選項(xiàng)“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達(dá)5億人”，這是現(xiàn)狀不是導(dǎo)致的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計(jì)劃一個(gè)長期的項(xiàng)目來制造抗瘧疾的蚊子，他認(rèn)為他們可以在5年內(nèi)做到。由此可知，蘭薩羅正計(jì)劃消滅瘧疾。A選項(xiàng)“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意為“開始消滅瘧疾”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”，與原文不符，蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法；C選項(xiàng)“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”，與原文不符，原文中是蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲給老鼠；D選項(xiàng)“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行了基因改造，使它們不會(huì)將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知，科學(xué)家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經(jīng)取得了成功，蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項(xiàng)“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意為“蚊子的自然數(shù)量不會(huì)改變”，原文未提及蚊子數(shù)量的變化；B選項(xiàng)“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來基因總是去需要它們的地方”，與原文不符，原文是讓外來基因進(jìn)入蚊子體內(nèi)；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實(shí)驗(yàn)室飼養(yǎng)的蚊子不會(huì)對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性”，原文并未提及實(shí)驗(yàn)室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，蘭薩羅說，科學(xué)上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實(shí)驗(yàn)室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知，將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對(duì)的難題。A選項(xiàng)“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子；C選項(xiàng)“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”，與原文不符，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)能制造抗瘧疾的基因；D選項(xiàng)“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，說明識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，蘭薩羅說，他有一個(gè)更好的方法來阻止瘧疾的傳播：對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行基因改造，使它們無法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知，改變蚊子的基因，使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項(xiàng)“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意為“開發(fā)新的抗瘧疾藥物”，B選項(xiàng)“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產(chǎn)有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來說幾乎都是一個(gè)問題，每個(gè)人害怕的事物不一樣，所以這里提到的我們這些特殊的生物是指對(duì)某種事物感到害怕。選項(xiàng)A正確，選項(xiàng)B,C,D都是指某一類人害怕的東西，不能以偏概全，所以錯(cuò)誤。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，恐懼是一種有用的情感是因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兠鎸?duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)快速做出反應(yīng)并自我保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。其他選項(xiàng)都只涉及生理反應(yīng)而忽略了心理反應(yīng)，太片面。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題。也就是說，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)被認(rèn)為比實(shí)際上更大時(shí)，恐懼就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐懼的影響。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”從出生開始，他或她更容易學(xué)習(xí)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Threecenturiesago,aDutchmathematiciannamedChristianHuygensinventedanewreligion.Hedidn’tmeanto.Allhedidwastobuildapendulumclockthatallowedpeople,forthefirsttimeinhistory,tokeeptrackofhoursandminutesaccurately.Yes,itwillgetalotofattentionaroundtheglobeonNewYear’sEve,butthatistheexception.Manyculturesstillmarchtodifferentdrummers.TimeseemstomovefasterinFrankfurtthaninSanSalvador.MonksinBurmaknowitistimetogetupwhenthereisenoughlighttoseetheveinsintheirhands,andshowingupontimeiscauseforridiculeinMexico.

RobertLevineandhisresearchersvisitedcitiesaroundtheworldtomeasuretheaccuracyofpublicclocksandtotimehowlongittakesdowntownpedestrianstowalk60feetandpostalclerkstosellastamp.

InSwitzerland,clocksaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19seconds.InBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffwhenhetoldLevineitwas“exactly2:14.”AtthecentralpostofficeinJakarta,Levinewassentoutsidetostreetvendors.

MuchoftheworldlivesonwhatLevinecallseventtime.InParis,youmightsetabusinessmeetingfor3p.m,butinBurundi,youmightagreetomeetwhenthecowsreturnfromthewateringhole.InMadagascar,ifyouaskhowlongittakestogettothenearestmarket,yougetananswerlikethetimeittakestocookrice.

Ifthatsoundsappealing,don’tbetoohastytomoveabroad.Clockaddictionistoughtobreak.Learninganewpaceoflifeislikemasteringaforeignlanguage.Andtherearedrawbackstotimelessliving.Youmightbeabletoshowupforworkatyourconvenience.Butyoucouldspendadayormorewaitingtomakeatelephonecall.YoufeelslightedintheUnitedStatesifyourlunchdatenevershows,butinKenya,aperfectlyreasonableexcuseisthatonthewaytomeetyou,heranintoafriendanddecidedtojoinhimforlunchinstead.

LevineseemstothinkthattheWestisbecomingmoredevotedtotheclockwitheachpassingminute.

Anewatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwon’tbeoffbymorethanasecondamillionyearsfromnow.Andclockworshipappearstobespreadingtothedevelopingworld，wherevendorshawkwatchesoncitystreets.

Butoftentheyaresellingprestigeratherthanpunctuality.Onsomeoftheirwatches,thehandsdon’tmove.

1.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutclockisexpressedinthepassage?

2.TheauthorquotestheexamplethatclocksinSwitzerlandaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19secondswhileinBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffinordertoimply（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.IntheWest,peopletendtodothings（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasinventedinthesixteenthcentury.

B.Inmoderntimes,clockisindispensabletopeople’slives.

C.Theprevalenceoftheclockwasbeyondtheexpectationoftheinventor.

D.Whilemovingabroad,peoplewillgiveupclockandadaptthemselvestotimelessliving.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.clocksaremoreaccurateinSwitzerlandthaninBrazil

B.clocksmadeinSwitzerlandaremuchbetterinqualitythanthoseinBrazil

C.timemovesfasterinSwitzerlandthaninBrazil

D.peopleinSwitzerlandhavestrongersenseoftimethanBrazilians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplefromthedevelopingworldbegintoregardbeingontimeasveryimportant.

B.ThepaceoflifeinJakartaiscomparativelyslow.

C.InMexico,peoplewillbelaughedatiftheyareontime.

D.PeopleinBurmadothingsaccordingtotheeventtime.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.accordingtoclocktime

B.accordingtoeventtime

C.attheirconvenience

D.withnoregardtotime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“assumptionsaboutclock”定位到文章第一段“Allhedidwastobuildapendulumclockthatallowedpeople,forthefirsttimeinhistory,tokeeptrackofhoursandminutesaccurately.Yes,itwillgetalotofattentionaroundtheglobeonNewYear’sEve,butthatistheexception.”可知他只是建造了一個(gè)鐘擺鐘，使人們有史以來第一次能夠準(zhǔn)確地記錄小時(shí)和分鐘。在除夕夜，它會(huì)得到全世界的關(guān)注，但這是一件異常的事?？膳袛喑鰰r(shí)鐘的普及和被關(guān)注是發(fā)明者未能預(yù)料的事情，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Switzerland，Brazil”定位到文章第二段“InSwitzerland,clocksaresloworfastbyanaverageofjust19seconds.InBrazil,onemanwasmorethanthreehoursoffwhenhetoldLevineitwas‘exactly2:14.’”，可知在瑞士，時(shí)鐘的平均快慢只有19秒，而在巴西，有個(gè)人休息了三個(gè)多小時(shí)，但他卻告訴萊文時(shí)間是2:14。下文繼續(xù)列舉了一系列一些例子，體現(xiàn)出不同國家的時(shí)間觀念?？膳袛喑鲎髡吡信e瑞士和巴西的例子，是為了說明瑞士人相比巴西人有更強(qiáng)的時(shí)間觀念。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由A項(xiàng)“developingworld”定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Andclockworshipappearstobespreadingtothedevelopingworld，wherevendorshawkwatchesoncitystreets.”可知，對(duì)鐘表的崇拜似乎正在向發(fā)展中國家蔓延，在那里，小販們?cè)诔鞘薪值郎隙凳凼直?。可判斷出發(fā)展中國家的人越來越崇拜鐘表，時(shí)間觀念也越來越強(qiáng)。故選項(xiàng)A符合文意，可排除。B項(xiàng)文章沒有提及，可排除。由C項(xiàng)“Mexico”定位到文章第一段“...showingupontimeiscauseforridiculeinMexico.”，可知在墨西哥，準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約會(huì)遭到人們的嘲笑。故選項(xiàng)C符合文意，可排除。由C項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞“Burma”定位到原文第一段“MonksinBurmaknowitistimetogetupwhenthereisenoughlighttoseetheveinsintheirhands…”可知，對(duì)于緬甸的僧侶們來說，當(dāng)有足夠的光線看到他們手上的血管時(shí)，就該起床了?？膳袛喑鼍挼榈臅r(shí)間觀念并不強(qiáng)，也不是按照某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的時(shí)間來衡量時(shí)間的。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“West”定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段“LevineseemstothinkthattheWestisbecomingmoredevotedtotheclockwitheachpassingminute.”可知Levine似乎認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的流逝，西方國家對(duì)時(shí)鐘的關(guān)注越來越多。第四段中也提及“InParis,youmightsetabusinessmeetingfor3p.m…”在法國巴黎，你可以把商務(wù)會(huì)議安排在下午三點(diǎn)?？膳袛喑鑫鞣饺耸欠浅Ｊ貢r(shí)的，會(huì)按鐘表的時(shí)間來辦事。故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whilehurricanesareblamedforproducingtornadosandcausingwidespreaddestruction,theyhaveanotherdevastating,yetlesser-knowneffect:spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats.

WhenHurricaneIsaiasslammedintotheCaribbeanandeasternU.S.thissummer,risingwaterlevelsallowedatleast114non-nativeaquatic(水生的)speciestoridefromonewatershedtothenext.Since2017,thescientistshavecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightingstomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes,aswellasstudywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers.

Taketheapplesnail,apopularaquaticinsectamongaquariumownersforexample.NativetoSouthAmerica,thesix-inchspeciesfirstcametoAmericaviatheaquariumtrade,andithassincebecomeadestructivepestinricefieldsandotheraquaticcroplands.Applesnails“actuallytakeairintotheirshellandfloatalongthewater,”saysWesleyDaniel,afisherybiologistwiththeWetlandandAquaticResearchCenterinFlorida,wherethetropicalclimatehasmadeitahotspotforinvasivespecies.“We’veseenthemspreadinnumeroushurricaneslikethis.”

SinceapplesnailswerealreadyestablishedinmanycoastalfreshwaterecosystemsthroughoutthesoutheasternU.S.,it’slikelythattherecentactivehurricaneseasonhaspushedthemfartherinland.Notonlyhavehurricanesandtropicalstormsformedfarearlierthisyearthanusual,10havemadelandfallonthemainlandU.S.breakingarecordsetin1916.

Before2017,fewscientistshadinvestigatedtheroleofhurricanesinthespreadofinvasivespecies,whichasawholecosttheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear.Butashurricanesareprojectedtobecomebothmorefrequentandintenseduetoclimatechange,thepotentialfornon-nativestofurtherdegradeecosystemsisahugeconcern.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?

2.Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?

3.HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?

4.Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Changingoftherivercourse.

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.

C.Massivedestruction.

D.Setting-offofstorms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspecies

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?下列哪個(gè)陳述不是颶風(fēng)的后果？

A.Changingoftherivercourse.A.改變河道。

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.B.外來生物的入侵。

C.Massivedestruction.C.大規(guī)模破壞。

D.Setting-offofstorms.D.引發(fā)風(fēng)暴。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconsequenceofhurricanes定位到原文第一段。本段提到“雖然颶風(fēng)被認(rèn)為是造成龍卷風(fēng)（producingtornados）和大范圍破壞的罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝╟ausingwidespreaddestruction），但它們還有另一個(gè)破壞性的、鮮為人知的影響：將入侵物種傳播到新的棲息地（spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats）。”由此可知，原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果有：造成龍卷風(fēng)和大范圍破壞、導(dǎo)致外來物種入侵，而A選項(xiàng)“改變河道”并未提及，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“外來生物的入侵”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“大規(guī)模破壞”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)風(fēng)暴”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?2017年以來，科學(xué)家的研究問題之一是？

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.A.如何整合食物和入侵物種的數(shù)據(jù)。

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.B.如何追蹤非本地動(dòng)物物種。

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.C.什么體系能最好地繪制出物種入侵的路徑。

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.D.為什么一些入侵物種更能利用這場風(fēng)暴。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researchproblems和since2017定位到原文第二段。本段第二句提到“自2017年以來，科學(xué)家們結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)（havecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightings），繪制了這些動(dòng)物在大西洋颶風(fēng)后分散的路線（tomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes），并研究了是什么讓一些物種比其他物種更有可能從風(fēng)暴中受益（studywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers）。”由此可知，科學(xué)家的研究問題有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是“入侵動(dòng)物在颶風(fēng)后是如何分散的”，一個(gè)是“為什么一些物種比其他物種更有可能從風(fēng)暴中受益”。因此，D選項(xiàng)“為什么一些入侵物種更能利用這場風(fēng)暴”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“如何整合食物（food）和入侵物種的數(shù)據(jù)”，首先，原文提到的是flood而不是food，其次，“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”是科學(xué)家研究問題的方式，而不是問題本身，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“如何追蹤非本地動(dòng)物物種”，原文提到科學(xué)家是通過“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”進(jìn)行追蹤的，該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的并不是科學(xué)家的研究問題，問題應(yīng)該是“追蹤，即非本地物種是如何分散的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“什么體系能最好地繪制出物種入侵的路徑”，原文提到科學(xué)家是通過“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”來繪制入侵物種的分散路徑的，該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的并不是科學(xué)家的研究問題，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?“蘋果蝸?！弊畛跏窃鯓舆M(jìn)入美國的？

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.A.它們是被早期的熱帶風(fēng)暴帶來的。

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.B.它們是作為商品進(jìn)口的。

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.C.它們?cè)从诿绹膬?nèi)陸水域。

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.D.它們是從一個(gè)海岸游到另一個(gè)海岸的。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞applesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica定位到原文第三段第二句，該句提到“這個(gè)物種（指上一句提到的蘋果蝸牛）原產(chǎn)于南美洲（NativetoSouthAmerica），最初是通過水族館貿(mào)易（viatheaquariumtrade）來到美國的”，由此可知，蘋果蝸牛最開始是作為水族館的觀賞物種被賣到美國的，因此B選項(xiàng)“它們是作為商品進(jìn)口的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們是被早期的熱帶風(fēng)暴帶來的”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“由于蘋果蝸牛已經(jīng)在美國東南部的許多沿海淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中生長，很可能最近活躍的颶風(fēng)季節(jié)把它們推向了更遠(yuǎn)的內(nèi)陸（haspushedthemfartherinland）?！庇纱丝芍瑹釒эL(fēng)暴可能是該物種從沿海到內(nèi)陸的原因，而不是該物種最初進(jìn)入美國的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“它們?cè)从诿绹膬?nèi)陸水域”，原文提到該物種原產(chǎn)于南美洲，而非美國，原文SouthAmerica指的是南美洲，而不是“美國南部”，“原產(chǎn)于美國南部，最初是通過水族館貿(mào)易來到美國的”語義邏輯不通，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“它們是從一個(gè)海岸游到另一個(gè)海岸的”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.2017年之前，颶風(fēng)帶來的入侵物種____。

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.A.繁衍并占據(jù)了美國的濕地

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspeciesB.奪走了當(dāng)?shù)匚锓N的棲息地

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.C.每年給美國造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.D.清理了美國內(nèi)陸水道中的淤泥

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Before2017定位到原文最后一段。該段第一句提到“2017年之前，幾乎沒有科學(xué)家調(diào)查過颶風(fēng)在入侵物種傳播中的作用，這一行為每年給美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成至少1200億美元的損失（costtheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear）?！庇纱丝芍?，2017年以前，颶風(fēng)帶來的入侵物種，使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受巨大的損失，C選項(xiàng)“每年給美國造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“繁衍并占據(jù)了美國的濕地”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“奪走了當(dāng)?shù)匚锓N的棲息地”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“清理了美國內(nèi)陸水道中的淤泥”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.單選題

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。automotive自動(dòng)的；instructive有教育意義的；unconventional不按照慣例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新聞節(jié)目已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep（

）intointernationalfinancialmarkets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.understanding

C.knowledge

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在當(dāng)今的國際銀行業(yè)，一個(gè)銀行必須對(duì)國際金融市場有深入的洞察。idea“觀點(diǎn)；主意”；understanding“理解”；knowledge“知識(shí)”；insight“洞察力”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon（

）.

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat（

）.

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themainideaoftheparagraph

B.anexamplesupportingthemai