考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Livinginanincreasinglycomplexsociety,wefacevariouskindsofcrises.Somepeopleviewcrisesasopportunitiesandencouragethemselvestoconfrontthem,othershavenegativeattitudestowardsthem.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoyouropinionontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Itiswell-knownthatweexistinadynamicworldwithvariouscrises.Whenwearefacedwiththem,somepeoplewillseethemaspreciouschancesandconfrontthempositively,whileotherswillchoosetoescapeandfacethemnegatively.Personally,Ithinkcrisescanmakeushardyenoughtosurvivewhateveradversitiesinourlaterlife,anditisimportanttoconfrontthemwithhopeandconfidence.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbeturnedtoablessingtous,too.

Firstly,asfarasanationisconcerned,crisescanberenderedbeneficial.TakeWenchuanearthquakewhichshookmostofSichuanforexample.ThecrisishascostChinesealot.Housescollapsed,bridgesbrokedownandmanyaffectedareaswerecutofffromtheoutsideworld.Nearlyamillionpeoplelosttheirhomes,tenthousandsofpeoplewereinjuredandanothertenthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.Butoursufferingswon’tgoinvainifweconfrontitpositively.Scientistsaremoredeterminedtoimprovethemeansbywhichweforecastearthquakeswithmoreaccuracy.Weshouldbuildhouseswhichcansurvivethedestructiveearthquakes.Andwealsoshouldbetterthemechanismtofacetheemergenciesandcrisis.

Secondly,crisessometimescontributetoourlifetreasureinawaythatfewcanimagineifwehavehopeandconfidence.Theycanweatherusandmakeusstrongenoughtofaceourselveswhenwefeelweak.Eric,myuncleisacaseinpoint.Hehadhardtimeinhischildhoodgoingthroughsuchafataldisease.Buthedidn’tgiveupthehopeofliving.Eventually,hewassavedbydoctors.Eversincethenhehasbeensogratefultotheworldthathehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackinthesamemeasuretootherfellows.Andnowheislivingahappyandsuccessfullife.

Asawell-knownancientChinesenotiongoes,thepastlessonsifnotforgottencanbegoodteachersforusall.Insteadofavoidingcrises,weshouldtakethelessonsfromcrisesandregardthemasachancefornewgrowth.

2.單選題

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

問題1選項

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

問題2選項

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

問題3選項

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.betteruseofgreen-spacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

問題4選項

A.hasbeenfullyrecognized

B.isbeingcloselystudied

C.isusuallyneglected

D.isstillunknown

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為綠地空間的娛樂發(fā)展可能性怎樣？”文章第二段提到因為娛樂方式遠離居住區(qū)，而花在提高居住小區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性方面的注意力很少（whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為綠色空間設(shè)施應(yīng)該怎么樣設(shè)計？”文章第二段最后一句話提到這些娛樂設(shè)施的設(shè)計需要能夠使得更多的強制性活動也有娛樂的一面（thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect），因此選項D符合題意。

3.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要思想是什么？”本文主要講述了綠地設(shè)施的娛樂功能。首先通過介紹綠地設(shè)施引出話題，然后運用城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃的居住區(qū)、工作區(qū)、交通和娛樂分離的理論所造成的不足，強調(diào)通過提高居住區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性來改善居民生活，因此選項D“更好地利用綠地設(shè)施來提高生活水平”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，綠色空間在城市環(huán)境中的重要性……”。文章第一段提到目前人們已經(jīng)廣泛認可了綠地設(shè)施的好處，雖然是一種不證自明的說法，還并不是一種經(jīng)過嚴密推理的科學(xué)證明（Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof），因此選項A“被廣泛接受”符合題意。

3.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔(dān)這份工作是因為他擁有的工作經(jīng)驗最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項“隨意地”符合句意。

4.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。allelse“其他所有”；muchworse“更差”；lesslikely“最不可能的是”；letalone“更不必說”。句意：當(dāng)今人們越來越不希望一生只干同樣的工作，更不用說只待在一家公司了。D項符合句意，答案D

5.單選題

Loveisloveanddeathisdeath,foraSouthAfricanBushmanandaFrenchsurrealistalike.Sothethemesofliteraturehaveatonceaninfinitevarietyandanabidingconstancy.

問題1選項

A.continuing

B.refraining

C.interchanging

D.corresponding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：愛就是愛，死就是死，對于南非的布什曼人和法國的超現(xiàn)實主義者來說都是如此。因此，文學(xué)的主題既具有無限的多樣性，又具有……的穩(wěn)定性。A選項continuing“繼續(xù)的；持續(xù)的”；B選項refraining“克制的”；C選項interchanging“交換的”；D選項corresponding“相當(dāng)?shù)?；相?yīng)的”?！皭劬褪菒?，死就是死”傳遞的是一種永恒的穩(wěn)定性，因此abiding詞義應(yīng)與“永恒的”相關(guān)，因此A選項符合題意。

6.翻譯題

ThenecessaryurbandevelopmentofourcitiesmustbecompatiblewiththeconservationoftheCulturalandHistoricalPatrimony.Thisisparticularlytrueinthecaseofthosecities,numerousintheIberianPeninsulaandEurope,thataretheresultofalonghistoricaltradition,oftenuninterruptedduringalmosttwothousandyears.（1）ThepreservationoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonyinthesecities,however,coniesupagainstconflictsdifficulttoresolve，withverydifferineandopposedpositions:thedemandandthepriceoftheground,theliamioniousdevelopmentofthecity,thepresenceofinfrastructuresandservices,theaspirationofthecitizenstoworthyhousing,thebusinessprojectsofthepromotersortheworkingplansoftheconstructors.

ThecommonresourceestablishedtosolvetheseconflictsisUrbanPlanning.（2）Arcliaeolouvmusttakepartactivelyintheelaborationofthisplanning，anduseitsabilitiespositivelytopreventarchaeologicalproblemsandlookforanacceptablesolutionfi.onithepointofviewoftheprotectionoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonywithregai'dtourbandevelopment.（3）Lainentablv，archaeologyfrequentlyignoresthepossibilitiesofthiscourseofactionanddoesnothavetheresourcesnecessarytousetheurbanstandardandtheplanningfiguresasothermethodologicalinstruments(alongsidethosetraditionallyusedarchaeology)tosolvethearchaeologicalimpactofurbandevelopment.

（4）Giventhattheplanningfiguresarethemostefficientwavofregulatingthegroundplanandclassifyandorganizetheterritory,theyarealsoausefulinstrumentfororganizinganactionofurbanArchaeologicalPatrimonywithintheplan.Thisoutliningmustextendfromtheelementunderprotectiontowardsitssurroundings,andmustseektheconservationofthatspace,aswellasguaranteethecontroloftheagentsoractivitiesthatmayactnegativelyuponthem.（5）Theadequateorganizationofthesespacesneedsnotonlytoapplytheexistinggroundlegislation,butalsodevelopineachparticularcase(whetheracityorasuperiororganiziii2community)adefinedregulation.Thisregulation,adaptedtothespecificationoftheelementsandsurroundingstobeprotected,providesanadequateorganizationofthespacesthat,duetotheirownhistoricalvaluesandpotentialsocialfunction,thusrequireit.Toachievethis,itwillbenecessarytonotonlylimittheiruse,butalsotoestablishsolutionsfortheirmanagementand,even,fortheirsocio-culturaluse.

【答案】1.然而，這些城市的考古遺產(chǎn)保護遇到了難以調(diào)和的沖突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至對立的觀點。

2.考古學(xué)（家）必須積極參與城市規(guī)劃方案的制定，并積極地利用其影響力來阻止考古相關(guān)的問題。而且，在城市開發(fā)方面，必須從保護歷史遺產(chǎn)的角度來尋求可接受的解決辦法。

3.可惜，考古學(xué)經(jīng)常忽視這一行動的可能性，他們?nèi)狈Ρ匾馁Y源將城市標準和規(guī)劃數(shù)字用作其他方法學(xué)工具（與傳統(tǒng)考古學(xué)一樣）,以解決城市開發(fā)對考古學(xué)造成的沖擊。

4.假使規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)是規(guī)定土地使用和對用地進行劃分以及管理的最有效的途徑，它們也可以成為在規(guī)劃范圍內(nèi)組織城市歷史遺址保護行動的有效手段。

5.為了對這些地的空間進行充分管理，不僅需要應(yīng)用現(xiàn)成的一些規(guī)范，還要針對每一種具體情況（無論是一座城市還是高級的組織社區(qū)）制定特殊規(guī)定。

7.單選題

Don'ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（）withthefacts.

問題1選項

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。symmetrical“勻稱的，對稱的”；comparative“比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹保籧ompatible“可兼容的”；harmonious“和諧的”。句意：不要再相信演講者了，因為他在演講中所講的永遠與事實不符。選項C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們正面臨著一項嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)：全球變暖。地球氣候持續(xù)惡化，正在演變成一場事關(guān)緊要的戰(zhàn)爭，而從任何一個方面來看，美國正在輸?shù)暨@場戰(zhàn)爭。美國每年釋放的溫室氣體約占全球總量的25%，并聲稱它不打算采取任何減排措施。困難還在于，即使絕大多數(shù)人認為氣候變化是個全球性的緊急事件，如何解決這個問題很難達成共識。工業(yè)界提出自己的方案，可惜這些方案通常解決不了什么問題。環(huán)保主義者也獻策，可惜他們的方案往往過于天真，以至于會嚴重阻礙美國社會和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。但是一個宏大而有效的方案到底是什么樣的呢？如何才能讓我們同時擁有安全的環(huán)境和良好的經(jīng)濟增長？

然而，只要我們能制定出可行的戰(zhàn)略，將短期措施和長遠目標結(jié)合起來，將務(wù)實精神和雄心壯志結(jié)合起來，我們就能做到既不損害經(jīng)濟，又幫助遏制氣候變化帶來的最壞影響，并保證我們的后代在這個世界上能生存下來。要實現(xiàn)這個目標，最需要的是決心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

9.單選題

I（）thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

問題1選項

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed確認,堅定;uphold支持,維護;overwhelmed壓倒,淹沒;established制定,建立。句意：我維護正義,盡我最大的努力與腐敗作斗爭。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Anairplane（

）inthemountain.

問題1選項

A.crashed

B.smashed

C.clashed

D.crushed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。crash“損毀，墜毀”；smash“粉碎，使破產(chǎn)”；clash“發(fā)出撞擊聲，碰撞”；crush“壓壞，損壞”。句意：飛機在山區(qū)墜毀了。A項符合題意。

11.單選題

Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchan（）plan.

問題1選項

A.inherent

B.ingenious

C.infectious

D.indulgent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inherent“內(nèi)在的,固有的,與生倶來的”;ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的,機靈的”;infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”;indulgent“放縱的,寬容的”。句意:想出這樣一個巧妙的計劃需要很大的想象力。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

問題1選項

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)該是一個非限定性定語從句。先行詞在從句中作主語，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，it不能引導(dǎo)從句；故用which。本句句意是：對于像英國這樣依賴于一個制造基地的國家，那樣意味著低效率。D選項正確。

13.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問題1選項

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問題2選項

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

問題3選項

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

問題4選項

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

問題5選項

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是什么？”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.（但越來越多的中間派和右翼億萬富翁開始擔(dān)心收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運），可知當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運，所以C項“財富分配的不平等”正確。A項“超級富豪的命運”和D項“左翼和右翼之間的沖突”在文中沒有提到；B項“中產(chǎn)階級的解體”太片面，美國富人擔(dān)心的是國家與中產(chǎn)階級的核心交易的瓦解。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

62.推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從MortimerZuckerman的悲嘆中學(xué)到了什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段，原文提到Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.（我們的大部分經(jīng)濟收益都流向了收入階梯最頂端的人；相比之下，工薪階層家庭的平均收入?yún)s連續(xù)5年下降），可推斷，盡管國家財富增長，但大多流向了收入最頂端的人，大部分的美國人得到的越來越少，故D項“大多數(shù)美國人從國家不斷增長的財富中獲益甚少”正確，由此也可知A項“許多中等收入家庭未能爭取到更好的福利”錯誤；第三段最后一句講到TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.（數(shù)以千萬計的美國人生活在恐懼之中，擔(dān)心一個重大的健康問題就會讓他們破產(chǎn)），由此可知B項“美國的經(jīng)濟體制已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致許多公司破產(chǎn)”表述與原文不符；C項“美國國家變得越來越分裂，盡管它很富有”在該段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第五段我們可以了解到……”。第五段第二句提到TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.（富人和你我一樣適應(yīng)潮流，在政治和政策方面也可以如此），可以推斷，富人在政治和政策方面也非常敏感，故B項“非常富有的人在政治上很敏感”正確。A項“非常富有的人有時尚意識”是文中的一個比較，用來突出富人在政治方面的敏感性，該項不選；由andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare（以及加州州長提供全民醫(yī)療保健的努力）這一句可知，C項“全民醫(yī)療保健將在整個美國實施”表述錯誤；D項“國會通過提高最低工資獲得了歡迎”，文中只提到了國會提高最低工資等措施的流行，并沒有描述它的歡迎程度。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

64.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“富豪們表達與中產(chǎn)階級團結(jié)一致的真正原因是什么？”。根據(jù)第六段No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.（不，他們擔(dān)心的是，由于收入分配不均和經(jīng)濟不安全，美國面臨的持續(xù)支持全球經(jīng)濟一體化的政治挑戰(zhàn)將更加困難）可知，富豪們表達與中產(chǎn)階級團結(jié)一致的真正原因是想得到全球經(jīng)濟一體化的支持，故C項“他們希望獲得對全球經(jīng)濟一體化的支持”正確。由第五段最后一句Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.（但收入不平等將導(dǎo)致對富人增稅的前景不會讓富豪們夜不能寐，他們承受得了）可知，A項“他們想保護自己不被沒收”和D項“他們感到越來越受到經(jīng)濟不安全感的威脅”不符合原文；B項“他們知道中產(chǎn)階級對社會貢獻最大”在文中沒有提及。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

65.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“如果美國對外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙，會發(fā)生什么？”。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.（當(dāng)美國為外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙時，很可能會鼓勵國外的對等行動）可知，如果美國對外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙，其他國家也會采取相應(yīng)的措施，故D項“外國將設(shè)置同樣的經(jīng)濟壁壘作為回報”正確。A項“進口商品的價格將不可避免地飆升到無法控制的程度”、B項“投資者將不得不做出巨大的努力來重新配置資本”和C項“富人將試圖跨越國界購買外國公司”在文中都未提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

14.單選題

Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe（

）Singaporepension.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.similar

C.consistent

D.identical

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:香港每人退休金的購買力只有新加坡退休金價值的70%。

equivalent等價的。similar相似的。consistent始終如一的，一致的。identical同一的；完全相同的。

15.單選題

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

問題4選項

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

問題5選項

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話提到的內(nèi)容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。第二段第一句話提到把獻血的血液輸血給接受者很簡單。第二句話提到通過皮下注射器從獻血者手臂的靜脈中抽取血液。第三句話提到檸檬酸鈉可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句話講述了如何防止血液凝固，選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句話，可以排除A、B、C三個選項，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句話提到當(dāng)接受者是新生兒或嬰兒時，通常對血液進行輻射處理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段最后一句話提到長期儲存血液的能力對人類健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.

ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.

SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoo