考研考博-英語-安徽長江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽長江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

問題2選項

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

問題3選項

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

問題4選項

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

問題5選項

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

問題6選項

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

問題7選項

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

問題8選項

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

問題9選項

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:E

第8題:A

第9題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,將信息點定位到原文第二段第二句。“Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.（以糧食增長形式出現(xiàn)的大部分盈余，很可能用于提高生活水平；又有因賣糧所得的銀錢，用以打仗。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.

細節(jié)推斷題。定位原文第三段。根據(jù)“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests（波爾多葡萄園的擴張表明，教會和商業(yè)利益之間對可用資本的爭奪非常激烈）”即可得出本題答案。

3.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”，將信息點定位到原文第三段。根據(jù)“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”從而得出本題答案。

4.事實推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,將信息點定位到原文第一段最后一句?！癆slongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.（只要那些耕種土地的人勉強能夠保證他們自己和他們的地主的生存，所有其他活動都必須盡量減少，但是，當(dāng)糧食盈余增加時，就有可能釋放更多的人從事政府、商業(yè)、宗教和文化活動。）”即可得出本題答案。

5.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,將信息點定位到原文第四段第五句。根據(jù)第四段第三句，“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.（毫無疑問，城堡和大教堂的建設(shè)并不是完全沒有利潤（也就是說，對建筑者來說），它為社會帶來了無形的物質(zhì)和道德滿足的紅利。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.

細節(jié)推理題。通讀全文，可知作者的核心觀點與選項C的表述最為吻合。從而得出本題答案。

7.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,將信息點定位到原文最后一段最后一句，“Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細節(jié)推斷題。通讀全文，能發(fā)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭（戰(zhàn)事）對中世紀(jì)人們的影響最大。從而得出本題答案。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，發(fā)現(xiàn)本文多次提及的關(guān)鍵詞為“agriculturalsurplus”“Fundsavailableforcommerce”“medievalFrance”，從而得出本題的答案。

2.單選題

EnglishTestinDoctorialentranceexaminationisdesignedtoobservetheexaminees’English（

）

inreading,writing,andtranslating.

問題1選項

A.proficiency

B.persistency

C.consistency

D.sufficiency

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項persistency“持續(xù)，固執(zhí)”；C選項consistency“一致性”；D選項sufficiency“足量，充足”，根據(jù)文中關(guān)鍵詞“test考試”和“observe觀察，評論”可知proficiency最合適，句意為：博士英語入學(xué)考試旨在測試受測者的讀寫和翻譯的熟練度。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問題1選項

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實際上，他們小組其他成員都不會像他那樣做。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

問題1選項

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查點】虛擬語氣

【解題思路】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的使用情況之一：表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句通常使用虛擬語氣，其形式為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略。本題為表示建議的主語從句，空格處所填的內(nèi)容為從句的謂語，因此需要使用“（should）+動詞原形”，A選項wait“等待”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合該虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)要求。

【句意】有人建議他們等醫(yī)生。

5.單選題

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

問題1選項

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.transplants移植B.transfers轉(zhuǎn)移

C.transcends勝過，超越D.transforms轉(zhuǎn)換

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處的that指代的是speed，也就是說比較飛機與船的速度。C選項transcends“勝過，超越”符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】大家都知道飛機的速度快于輪船的速度。

6.單選題

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

問題1選項

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。四個選項中只有選項D這個單詞是存在的，censorship“審查制度”。句意：很多受過良好教育的人認(rèn)為審查制度不會危及言論自由。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

問題1選項

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明這個地方的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在最近已經(jīng)徹底地改善。

語法題。考查時態(tài)。主語為statistics(數(shù)據(jù)(復(fù)數(shù))),句意為“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,因此此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選D。

8.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問題1選項

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項applicable“可應(yīng)用的，合適的”；C選項crucial“重要的”；D選項cryst“結(jié)晶的”。句意：國會意識到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)提供更多資金對提高競爭力至關(guān)重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)對競爭力的作用”，經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Sheis（）tothecostuntiltragedyaltersherlifeandthelivesofthosearoundher.

問題1選項

A.ignorant

B.oblivious

C.unaware

D.unmindful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ignorant“無知的，愚昧的”；B選項oblivious“健忘的，不注意的”；C選項unaware“未察覺的”；D選項unmindful“漫不經(jīng)心的”。句意：直到悲劇改變了她和周圍人的生活，她才意識到代價的存在。能和介詞to搭配的只有B選項，beobliviousto是固定搭配，意為“不在意的；不以為意的”，所以選項B正確。

10.填空題

deed

continue

keep

consistent

evade

greet

barrier

when

collaborative

share

earn

belief

partourselves

but

Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.

Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct（13）toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto（14）payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand（15）actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.

【答案】1.ourselves

2.keep

3.collaborative

4.belief

5.earned

6.part

7.deed

8.greets

9.barriers

10.but

11.share

12.when

13.hascontinued

14.evade

15.consistent

【解析】1.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前“Weprovideverypersonaldata…”，我們提供非常私人的信息，可判斷出這些信息是與我們自己相關(guān)的。所以單詞“ourselves我們自己”符合文意。

2.上下文理解。上文提到我們把一些非常私人的信息給一些公司，所以是相信這些公司會使數(shù)據(jù)保持安全可靠。單詞“keep保持”符合文意。

3.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后“…andtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.”，可知我們相信我們的同事會盡心盡力地工作，這是基于上文提到的各團隊的互相協(xié)作。單詞“collaborative協(xié)作的”符合文意。

4.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…thepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.”，我們與之打交道的企業(yè)和個人都是值得信賴的，可知上文要表達的意思為“幾乎每次我們和別人交流時，都要帶著一定的信任?！眴卧~“belief信任”符合文意。

5.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.”，可知信任是通過努力工作和行動而不是僅僅憑好意而獲得的。單詞“earned贏得，獲得”符合文意。

6.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe…oftheveryDNAofacompany.”，可知證明自己具有可信度是一家公司基因的必須部分。單詞“part部分”符合文意。

7.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby…,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront”，可知可信賴度不僅僅通過言詞來證明，還是通過董事會、管理團隊和店面等的實際行動來證明的。單詞“deed行動”符合文意。

8.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“…andthepersonwho…staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.”，可知這里指的是當(dāng)員工和顧客走過門時歡迎他們的人。單詞“greet”符合文意。根據(jù)先行詞person為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)填入“greets歡迎”。

9.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Oneofthebiggest…tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.”，可知保密和掩蓋是建立信任度最大的障礙之一。單詞“barrier”符合文意，又因為障礙不止一個，故填入復(fù)數(shù)形式“barriers障礙”。

10.上下文理解。空格前“Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness…”，毫無疑問，在商業(yè)中有些事情必須保密……空格后繼續(xù)提到有一些方法可以讓公司在不泄露機密信息的情況下清楚地說出自己的做法。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。單詞“but但是”符合題意。

11.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto…atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.”，可知如果你想要人們信任你或者你的公司，你必須至少愿意分享一些你做決定的信息。單詞“share分享”符合文意。

12.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Transparencyisparticularlyimportant…thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.”，可知當(dāng)需要重新建立起信任的時候，透明度顯得尤其重要。單詞“when當(dāng)……時候”符合文意。

13.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct…toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.”，可知銀行業(yè)最近就即將進行的改革發(fā)表了重要聲明，但他們持續(xù)實施的行為違背了他們的承諾。單詞“continue繼續(xù)，持續(xù)”符合文意，又根據(jù)上文“hasrecentlymade”可判斷這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填入“hascontinued”。

14.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto…payingtax.”，可知最近，我們看到這家銀行因涉嫌幫助客戶逃稅而登上新聞頭條。單詞“evade逃避，逃脫”符合文意。

15.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Peopleneedtoseerealand…actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficence…”人們需要看到真實并且始終如一的行動并且知道是誰該為一些罪行負責(zé)。單詞“consistent始終如一的”符合文意。

11.不定項選擇題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

問題1選項

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

問題2選項

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

問題3選項

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

問題4選項

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

問題5選項

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:本題考查了考生對作者意圖的把握。定位到第一段，EdmundBurke這句話的意思是“好人的不作為就是一個錯誤的觀點想要盛行所需要的所有條件”，可以看出這是在諷刺好人不去做出應(yīng)有的行為，再緊接著后文也提到“現(xiàn)在有一個組織他們呼吁不要用動物來做實驗，動物也有自己的權(quán)利，而科學(xué)家必須采取行動來回復(fù)這些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科學(xué)家們行動起來，因此答案為A。

第2題:本題是細節(jié)推斷題。題干中說“tendtothink”提示我們答案可能在文中沒有直接體現(xiàn)，需要我們結(jié)合原文進行推理，推理出這些被誤導(dǎo)的人們對于動物實驗是何種態(tài)度，題干關(guān)鍵詞就是“misledpeople”，可以幫我們定位到第一段，最后一句說“當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實驗殘忍對待動物的指控時，許多人都不明白為什么有人會故意傷害動物”。第二段是一個具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說她反對用動物來做研究。第三段最后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對于他們來說，動物實驗說得好是浪費，說得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個選項中，B最符合原文。A中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對，因為被誤導(dǎo)的人們不可能認(rèn)為那是普通的事情。C說的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因為文章中沒有提到不可避免這個說法。D項說的是“毫無意義，浪費的”，文中沒有提到毫無意義這個意思。

第3題:這也是一道作者意圖題，例子說的是一位老太太向大家發(fā)傳單，呼吁大家不要用任何來自于動物或在動物身上試驗過的東西。當(dāng)她被問及是否反對使用疫苗時，老太太說，若疫苗也來源于動物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計算機來解決。可見老太太對科學(xué)的無知。而她的這種無知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為B。A說的是公眾對動物試驗的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅是為了說明這一點，這個例子反映的不僅是他們的不滿，更多的要透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，全文來看，作者的目的是為了指出公眾不滿的根源——對醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后號召科學(xué)家們針對這個根源采取行動。因此老太太的例子是為了反映公眾的無知。

第4題:這里考查的是作者的態(tài)度題，解答這類問題時，考生需要代入作者的思維，從全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者對這個事件的看法，然后根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞去定位具體細節(jié)處。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challengefromanimalrightsadvocates”以及“sientitsshould”，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯是A。選項B、C以及D貌似合理，其實文中都沒有提到。

第5題:這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。題干問我們StephenCooper是一個什么身份的人，我們根據(jù)人名定位到最后一段，我們可以找到線索“Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,…courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.”，這句話告訴我們Cooper是個名人，同時也曾經(jīng)生病過，他是高度贊揚過動物研究的，因此，我們可以得出他是動物研究的支持者。答案為D。

12.單選題

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

問題1選項

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onview“在展出，陳列著”；B選項ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C選項onthescene“在場，出現(xiàn)，到場”；D選項insight“看得見，在視野內(nèi)”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格處的內(nèi)容作表語，說明主語somedistantmountain（遠處的山脈），結(jié)合句意，可知D選項符合語境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，寬闊的平原開始出現(xiàn)了，而且時刻可以看得見遠處的山脈。

13.單選題

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

問題1選項

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，這家旅館的雙人間只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索價,要價。

14.單選題

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

問題1選項

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

問題2選項

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

問題3選項

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

問題4選項

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

問題5選項

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusio