考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whybothercooking?Youdon'thavetime,ofcourse(oryouthinkyoudon’t).Thatisthebigreason.Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals,soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou.Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients.MichaelPollanthinksyoushouldbother.Hislatestbook,Cooked,isapowerfulargumentforareturntohomecooking.

Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet.WehaveseentheslowretreatfromthekitchenasaprimarycontributiontoAmerica’sobesityepidemicandotherhealthandenvironmentalills.ButperhapsonlyPollancansoeffectivelypickupthethreadsofsomanyfoodmovements,philosophiesandresearchpapersandknitthemintoacompellingnarrativewithacrystal-clearmessage.Hewrites“Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade.”

Don'tbetagainsthim.Becauseofthepowerofhisproseandhisreasoning,CookedmayprovetobejustasinfluentialasPollan’sotherbook.TheOmnivore'sDilemma,possiblythesinglemost-citedtextbythosewhoprofessconcernwithhowoureatingchoicesaffectplanet.

AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma,Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches,soinCookedhetakesjustasmuchofahands-onapproachashesuggestshisreadersdo.Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking-barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation-and,asthebook’ssubtitlepromises,explorescookingasnolessthanatransformationofnatureintofoodanddrink.

Theresultsarefascinating,butthemagicofCookedliesnotinitsabilitytounlockthesecretsofslow-roastingawholehogorbrewingbeer.Therearemuchmorehelpful,intensiveinstructionalmaterialsforthatkindofthing.No,whatPollanpullsoffisevenmoreimpressive.HemanagestoilluminatethewealthofconnectionsthatstemfromourDIYtimeinthekitchen.“Tocookforthepleasureofit,”hewrites,“todevoteaportionofourleisuretoit,istodeclareourindependencefromthecorporationsseekingtoorganizeoureverywakingmomentintoyetanotheroccasionforconsumption.”

1.“Corporations”(Paragraph2)inthepassagerefertothosewho（）.

2.Toencourageareturntohomecooking.Pollanadvises（）.

3.WhatistrueaboutTheOmniore’sDilemma?

4.“Fermentation’’(Paragraph4)islikelytobetalkedaboutinthesectionof（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelytobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sellyoujunkfoods

B.teachyouhowtocookfoods

C.prepareorprocessfoodsforyou

D.dothehomecookingforyou

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.seekingforprofessionalhelp

B.teachingtheprocessesofcooking

C.understandingphilosophiesaboutfood

D.launchingmanyfoodmovements

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itexpressesconcernovertheenvironment

B.Itisaboutthedilemmatheplanetisfacedwith

C.Itisaboutthedilemmaofhomecooking

D.Itsauthortakesapractice-orientedapproach

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fire

B.water

C.air

D.earth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areviewofabook

B.adefenseforacourseofaction

C.aguidebookforcooking

D.aninstructionforconsumingfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet(包括我在內(nèi)的幾十位食品作家和編輯長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直在哀嘆corporations對(duì)公眾飲食的影響越來(lái)越大)。因此對(duì)corporations的理解可參照上段:Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals，soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou(然而，你也可能做飯做得沒(méi)有專業(yè)人員那樣好，因此讓他們?yōu)槟闾幚盹埵俏说?，以及:Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients(或至少讓他們以餐點(diǎn)裝配商店、蛋糕材料、罐裝、冷藏和預(yù)先剁碎的材料的形式給你一個(gè)有利的開(kāi)端)。由此可知，corporations指那些為你準(zhǔn)備或加工食物的人。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:...Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade(要恢復(fù)食物的真實(shí)性，使它回到我們生活中的適當(dāng)位置，最好的方法就是試圖掌握傳統(tǒng)上制造食物的物理過(guò)程)，由此可知B項(xiàng)“教授烹飪的過(guò)程”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞TheOmniore’sDilemma定位至第四段:AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches(如同在《雜食動(dòng)物的困境》一書(shū)中一樣，Pollan知曉他的可信性依賴于愿意去實(shí)行他所講道的…)，由此可知D項(xiàng)“它的作者采取了一個(gè)以實(shí)踐為導(dǎo)向的方法”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking—barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(在這種情況下，他將這本書(shū)分為四個(gè)章節(jié)，即經(jīng)典的火、水、空氣和大地。每個(gè)代表了一種烹飪類型，即燒烤、燉、面包烤制和發(fā)酵…)，由此可知D項(xiàng)“大地”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。倒數(shù)第二段提到:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcookingbarbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(這種情況下，他將這本書(shū)分成四個(gè)章節(jié)，即經(jīng)典的火、水、空氣和大地。每個(gè)代表了一種烹飪類型，即燒烤、燉、面包烤制和發(fā)酵…)，由此推測(cè)這篇文章可能是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。

2.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prestige“威信”；B選項(xiàng)regime“政體”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個(gè)給予強(qiáng)者顯赫聲望的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)覺(jué)得自己無(wú)用，不被社會(huì)需要。本句表示強(qiáng)者獲得威望。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測(cè)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫(xiě)作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國(guó)的制造商一直試圖通過(guò)削減成本來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。”確定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人。’所以B選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來(lái)描述？’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的，公正的”正確。

4.單選題

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞的指代。meat是不可數(shù)名詞，前面三個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般用來(lái)知道可數(shù)名詞，所以不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D既可以指代可數(shù)名詞，也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，符合題意。句意：這里一部分肉來(lái)自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

5.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（

）sightonTV.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。panic“恐慌的”；patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”；pathetic“可憐的”；periodic“周期的”。句意：發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的交通事故；當(dāng)人們從電視上看到這個(gè)可憐的場(chǎng)面的時(shí)候都非常傷心。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個(gè)都是拉格泰姆作品的一個(gè)特征？題干問(wèn)的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個(gè)都是拉格泰姆作品的一個(gè)特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不關(guān)心音樂(lè)主題的發(fā)展，而是完整地、完整地設(shè)定一個(gè)主題，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。拉格泰姆樂(lè)曲的張力來(lái)自于兩種基本元素之間的對(duì)立:鋼琴師左手彈連續(xù)低音(爵士音樂(lè)家稱之為“boom-chickbass”)和右手彈有旋律的切分低音?？芍狣項(xiàng)“音樂(lè)主題的全面發(fā)展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“切分音”和B項(xiàng)“與旋律線不同的低音線”，C項(xiàng)“旋律強(qiáng)度不斷上升”這段均有提及。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有時(shí)有人指責(zé)拉格泰姆是機(jī)械的。例如，威爾弗雷德?米勒斯評(píng)論道，“拉格泰姆被轉(zhuǎn)移到自動(dòng)鋼琴上，即使不是機(jī)器演奏，也應(yīng)該像機(jī)器演奏一樣具有細(xì)致的精確度?！比欢?，我們沒(méi)有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造者對(duì)拉格泰姆音樂(lè)使用了機(jī)械錄音的方法（這是當(dāng)時(shí)記錄鋼琴演奏的唯一方法）就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的。拉格泰姆音樂(lè)不是機(jī)械的精度，也不局限于精度的表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一種定義明確的形式，并在該形式中遵循簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則?？芍狢項(xiàng)“混淆了錄音的手段和音樂(lè)的本質(zhì)特征”正確。D項(xiàng)“夸大了專業(yè)的拉格泰姆音樂(lè)演奏者表演風(fēng)格對(duì)這種音樂(lè)流派的影響”，A項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤地將商業(yè)拉格泰姆音樂(lè)與更微妙的古典拉格泰姆風(fēng)格區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”；B項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確地描述拉格泰姆鋼琴音樂(lè)的聲音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：從文中可推斷出拉格泰姆音樂(lè)的本質(zhì)被基于什么基礎(chǔ)上的評(píng)論所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，沒(méi)有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商對(duì)拉格泰姆使用了一種機(jī)械錄音方法，就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的，這是當(dāng)時(shí)唯一一種錄制鋼琴的方法?！笨芍捎诶裉┠酚昧艘环N機(jī)械錄音法，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)在來(lái)源和藝術(shù)特征上與文中描述的拉格泰姆樂(lè)曲最為相似?A項(xiàng)“從復(fù)雜的爵士主題中衍生出來(lái)的交響樂(lè)。”；B項(xiàng)“一部以著名卡通人物為原型的實(shí)驗(yàn)性小說(shuō)”；C項(xiàng)“演員們創(chuàng)造場(chǎng)景并即興創(chuàng)作臺(tái)詞的一種戲劇作品”；D項(xiàng)“以民間舞蹈為基礎(chǔ)的有紀(jì)律的舞蹈編排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是要以階梯狀的方式從一個(gè)主題上升到另一個(gè)主題······與最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，拉格泰姆音樂(lè)更像是十九世紀(jì)的民間音樂(lè)，而不是爵士樂(lè)。由此對(duì)應(yīng)可推知有“folk-dancesteps民間舞蹈步伐”的D項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishtoChinese

Naturecontainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.

Buttheartistisborntopick,andchoose;andgroupwithscience,theseelements,thattheresultmaybebeautifulasthemusiciangathershisnotes,andformshischords,untilhebringsforthfromchaosgloriousharmony.

Tosaytothepainter,thatNatureistobetakenassheis,istosaytotheplayer,thathemaysitonthepiano...

Thedignityofthesnow-cappedmountainislostindistinctness,butthejoyofthetourististorecognizethetraveleronthetop.Thedesiretosee,forthesakeofseeing,is,withthemass,alonetheonetobegratified,hencethedelightindetail.

【答案】在色彩和形狀方面，大自然包含所有的圖畫(huà)元素，如同鍵盤(pán)包含所有的音樂(lè)的音符一樣。

但是藝術(shù)家生來(lái)就有挑選和選擇的能力，將它們巧妙地結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一幅美麗的圖畫(huà)，如同音樂(lè)家用聲音譜成和音，從混亂無(wú)序的聲音中創(chuàng)作出動(dòng)聽(tīng)和諧的樂(lè)曲一樣。

對(duì)畫(huà)家來(lái)說(shuō)，他可以按照大自然本來(lái)的樣子創(chuàng)作，就等同對(duì)演奏家說(shuō)，他可以坐在鋼琴……

白雪皚皚的高山若是變得清晰可見(jiàn)就失去了它的威嚴(yán)，但觀光者的快樂(lè)在于能看到山頂上的游客。對(duì)于大多數(shù)人，只是為了看見(jiàn)而要看見(jiàn)，只是為了使這個(gè)愿望得到滿足，因此，他們以能一睹細(xì)節(jié)為快。

8.單選題

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者通過(guò)寓言引出傳統(tǒng)教育理念，并對(duì)此做出兩個(gè)結(jié)論：第一，我們目前對(duì)大學(xué)的困惑源于這位中世紀(jì)學(xué)生的行為，即客觀探究、反抗權(quán)威等；第二，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理念要三思后再考慮踐行。最后，作者提出三個(gè)疑問(wèn)，一是我們應(yīng)該延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)的什么內(nèi)容？大學(xué)有什么義務(wù)？這兩種忠誠(chéng)（一種是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理想的忠誠(chéng)，另一種是對(duì)社會(huì)的忠誠(chéng)）的前景是什么？這些內(nèi)容都是和教育有關(guān)，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)“作者對(duì)教育的看法”。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻譯為我想從這個(gè)寓言中得出兩個(gè)結(jié)論。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻譯為：第一，我們現(xiàn)在對(duì)大學(xué)的困惑源于這個(gè)中世紀(jì)學(xué)生的行為。他象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始、對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗、經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度、學(xué)術(shù)研究與生活事實(shí)的聯(lián)系。他的行為把研究引入了大學(xué)。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻譯為：第二個(gè)結(jié)論是，在我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)教育理想是可以接受的”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻譯為：第二個(gè)結(jié)論是，在我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行。因此，C選項(xiàng)“大學(xué)理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)取決于很多重要因素”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由A項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段，第二段談及“寓言中學(xué)生的行為象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始，對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度，學(xué)術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的聯(lián)系?！眲t排除A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有提及；由C選項(xiàng)“教學(xué)環(huán)境是實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻譯為：中世紀(jì)的大學(xué)敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的學(xué)術(shù)自由……傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播。在某些時(shí)期，它甚至對(duì)知識(shí)本身不感興趣。許多學(xué)者追求知識(shí)。判斷C選項(xiàng)正確；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻譯為：傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)中不是所有東西都值得保留。以及文章提及在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前需要三思，判斷出D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故C為正確答案。

5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻譯為：并不是所有的傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)都值得保留。中世紀(jì)的大學(xué)敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的學(xué)術(shù)自由。置身于學(xué)術(shù)文集之外，甚至以新穎的方式解讀書(shū)籍，都是在招惹異端。傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播?？梢缘弥狢項(xiàng)“新的”最為符合。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻譯為：他象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始，對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度，學(xué)術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的聯(lián)系。因此只有A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，符合題意。

9.單選題

12.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說(shuō)待會(huì)去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說(shuō)：Seeyouinthecourt(球場(chǎng)上見(jiàn))。

10.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand（1）thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand（2）aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In（3）tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit（4）,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.（5）,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe（6）betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto（7）thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the（8）ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor（9）otherliteraryformdoesqu