英語語法it形式主語和形式賓語課件

“It”作形式主語和形式賓語

“It”作形式主語和形式賓語

1一、It用作形式主語

當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。1

二、It用作形式賓語當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。2一、It用作形式主語當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）2It作形式主語的常見句型①It+be+形容詞+todosth./doing/that….e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.(學(xué)一門外語非常重要。)Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.(覆水難收。)Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.(她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。)It作形式主語的常見句型①It+be+形容詞34Itisfrighteningtogoclimbingwithhim.？

togoclimbingwithhim.togoclimbingwithhim是真正的主語Togoclimbingwithhim

isfrightening.通常it作為形式主語，在句中沒有實(shí)際意義，只是滿足語法需要，起到一個(gè)平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免句子頭重腳輕的作用。4Itisfrighteningtogoclimb1.It

isimportanttoprotecttheearth.2.It

isourdutytoprotecttheearth.3.It

tookmeanhourtofinishmyhomeworkyesterday.it作為形式主語不定式短語是真正的主語1.Itisimportanttoprotectt561.it作為形式主語代替不定式(1)It

is+adjfor/ofsb+todosth(2)It

is+n+todosth(3)It

takes/tooksb+sth+todosth61.it作為形式主語代替不定式(1)Itis+adjf7It

isnouseaskinghimforhelp.It

isawasteoftimeplayingtoomanyonlinegames.2.it作為形式主語代替動名詞It

is+useless/nouse(good)/pleasure/awasteofsth+doingsth三個(gè)“沒用”一個(gè)“沒趣；浪費(fèi)”7Itisnouseaskinghimforh②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that….e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.(撒謊沒好處。)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.(你昨天沒看成那部電影真遺憾。)

②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that8空白演示

③It+be+過去分詞+that….該句型常見動詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.(據(jù)說他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。)ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.(大家都相信中國將會步入世界強(qiáng)國之列。)空白演示9

④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動詞+that….

e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.

(似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。)

ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.

(看來湯姆可能會改變主意。)

④It+seems/appears/happ10

⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?(他們明天不來很重要嗎？)

Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?(他下周出國是真的嗎？)⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.11

⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.這是一個(gè)表示“（某人）花多少時(shí)間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。⑥It+takes+(sb.)+somet12

e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingbooks.(我花了一些時(shí)間才讀完那段閱讀。)IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.(從上海乘飛機(jī)去新西蘭花了他14小時(shí)。)HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?(從青島坐火車到北京一般要花多久時(shí)間？)Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.(我不能肯定，但估計(jì)至少要九個(gè)鐘頭才能到那兒。)e.g.Ittookmesometimeto13143.it作為形式主語代替從句(1)It

is+done+句子It

issaidthatthestarwillcometoBeijingnextmonth.It

is+said/reported/thought/believed/learned...+句子143.it作為形式主語代替從句(1)Itis+done+153.it作為形式主語代替從句(2)It

is+n(apity/ashame/nowonder...)+句子It

isashamethatIdidsuchasillything.153.it作為形式主語代替從句(2)Itis+n(ap163.it作為形式主語代替從句(3)It

+v(happens/seems/occurs/looks...)+句子It

happenedthatImetmyformerdeskmateyesterday.163.it作為形式主語代替從句(3)It+v(happe1.Itisnouse_________(worry)aboutthecomingexam.2._____isreportedthatthemissing3-yearoldkidhasbeenfoundsafe.3.It'simpossible_______(live)withsuchlittlemoney.4.Itisunclear________willtakeplaceofhim.5.(改錯(cuò))AsisknownthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.6.(改錯(cuò))ThatfeltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.ExerciseworryingIttolivewhoItIt1.Itisnouse_________(worry17it作為形式主語代替不定式代替動名詞代替從句Summary①It

is+adjfor/ofsb+todosth②It

is+n+todosth③It

takes/tooksb+sth+todosthIt

is+nouse/good/useless/pleasure/awasteofsth+doingsth①It

is+done+句子②It

is+n+句子③It

+v+句子it作為形式主語代替不定式代替動名詞代替從句Summary①18

二、It用作形式賓語二、It用作形式賓語19it

作形式賓語

it

作形式賓語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）和賓語從句?！鵬t作形式賓語時(shí)，需具備兩個(gè)條件：

真正的賓主是不定式、動名詞或從句。

有賓語補(bǔ)足語具備了這兩個(gè)條件，形式賓語it一定要用。it作形式賓語201it

代替不定式（短語）

當(dāng)不定式（短語）在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動詞（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）的賓語時(shí)。Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.Theyfeltitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.2it代替動名詞（短語）

這只限于少數(shù)句型，在多數(shù)情況下用不定式時(shí)更多一些。Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.1it代替不定式（短語）213it

代替賓語從句1）某些表示“喜，怒，哀，樂”的動詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句，而是先用it作形式賓語，再把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Idon`tlikeitthathe`ssolazy.Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.Wereallyappreciateditwhensheofferedtohelp.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語，而是先用it作形式賓語，再把真正的賓語從句放在后面。常見于某些動詞加介詞的短語中，如dependon,relyon,seeto,stickto,answerfor,等。Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?Sheinsistedonitthatshewasinnocent.3it代替賓語從句223)由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時(shí)，須借用it.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.Weoweittoyouthattherewasn`taseriousaccident.Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.4)當(dāng)從句在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動詞（如think,make,find等）的賓語時(shí)。TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.5)動詞+it+過去分詞+從句Hemadeitknowntoeveryonethathewasright.3)由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的231Iconsideritnouse___________(quarrel)withhimaboutit.2Idon`tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.3Willyouseeto________thattheluggageisbroughtback?4Iwouldappreciate_______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.5TheInternetmakesitpossible_________(share)thelatestnews.6Ithink_______mydutytohelpher.7Weallthoughtitapity__________theconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.8Theytook________forgrantedthatIwouldbenogoodatit.quarrelingititittoshareitthatit直擊高考1Iconsideritnouse_______241孩子們覺得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。Childrenfeelitsafeandhappytobewiththeirparents.2我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與她相處。Ifindithardtogetalongwithher.3現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使得在太空飛行成為可能。Moderntechnologyhasmadeitpossibletoflyinspace.4大雨使我們更難按時(shí)完成工作。Theheavyrainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinishtheworkontime.5我們認(rèn)為向他解釋清楚發(fā)生了什么事沒有用處。Wethoughtitnouseexplainingtohimwhathappened.translation1孩子們覺得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。translati25Thankyou!Thankyou!26“It”作形式主語和形式賓語

“It”作形式主語和形式賓語

27一、It用作形式主語

當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。1

二、It用作形式賓語當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。2一、It用作形式主語當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）28It作形式主語的常見句型①It+be+形容詞+todosth./doing/that….e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.(學(xué)一門外語非常重要。)Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.(覆水難收。)Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.(她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。)It作形式主語的常見句型①It+be+形容詞2930Itisfrighteningtogoclimbingwithhim.？

togoclimbingwithhim.togoclimbingwithhim是真正的主語Togoclimbingwithhim

isfrightening.通常it作為形式主語，在句中沒有實(shí)際意義，只是滿足語法需要，起到一個(gè)平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免句子頭重腳輕的作用。4Itisfrighteningtogoclimb1.It

isimportanttoprotecttheearth.2.It

isourdutytoprotecttheearth.3.It

tookmeanhourtofinishmyhomeworkyesterday.it作為形式主語不定式短語是真正的主語1.Itisimportanttoprotectt31321.it作為形式主語代替不定式(1)It

is+adjfor/ofsb+todosth(2)It

is+n+todosth(3)It

takes/tooksb+sth+todosth61.it作為形式主語代替不定式(1)Itis+adjf33It

isnouseaskinghimforhelp.It

isawasteoftimeplayingtoomanyonlinegames.2.it作為形式主語代替動名詞It

is+useless/nouse(good)/pleasure/awasteofsth+doingsth三個(gè)“沒用”一個(gè)“沒趣；浪費(fèi)”7Itisnouseaskinghimforh②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that….e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.(撒謊沒好處。)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.(你昨天沒看成那部電影真遺憾。)

②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that34空白演示

③It+be+過去分詞+that….該句型常見動詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.(據(jù)說他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。)ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.(大家都相信中國將會步入世界強(qiáng)國之列。)空白演示35

④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動詞+that….

e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.

(似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。)

ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.

(看來湯姆可能會改變主意。)

④It+seems/appears/happ36

⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?(他們明天不來很重要嗎？)

Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?(他下周出國是真的嗎？)⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.37

⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.這是一個(gè)表示“（某人）花多少時(shí)間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。⑥It+takes+(sb.)+somet38

e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingbooks.(我花了一些時(shí)間才讀完那段閱讀。)IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.(從上海乘飛機(jī)去新西蘭花了他14小時(shí)。)HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?(從青島坐火車到北京一般要花多久時(shí)間？)Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.(我不能肯定，但估計(jì)至少要九個(gè)鐘頭才能到那兒。)e.g.Ittookmesometimeto39403.it作為形式主語代替從句(1)It

is+done+句子It

issaidthatthestarwillcometoBeijingnextmonth.It

is+said/reported/thought/believed/learned...+句子143.it作為形式主語代替從句(1)Itis+done+413.it作為形式主語代替從句(2)It

is+n(apity/ashame/nowonder...)+句子It

isashamethatIdidsuchasillything.153.it作為形式主語代替從句(2)Itis+n(ap423.it作為形式主語代替從句(3)It

+v(happens/seems/occurs/looks...)+句子It

happenedthatImetmyformerdeskmateyesterday.163.it作為形式主語代替從句(3)It+v(happe1.Itisnouse_________(worry)aboutthecomingexam.2._____isreportedthatthemissing3-yearoldkidhasbeenfoundsafe.3.It'simpossible_______(live)withsuchlittlemoney.4.Itisunclear________willtakeplaceofhim.5.(改錯(cuò))AsisknownthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.6.(改錯(cuò))ThatfeltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.ExerciseworryingIttolivewhoItIt1.Itisnouse_________(worry43it作為形式主語代替不定式代替動名詞代替從句Summary①It

is+adjfor/ofsb+todosth②It

is+n+todosth③It

takes/tooksb+sth+todosthIt

is+nouse/good/useless/pleasure/awasteofsth+doingsth①It

is+done+句子②It

is+n+句子③It

+v+句子it作為形式主語代替不定式代替動名詞代替從句Summary①44

二、It用作形式賓語二、It用作形式賓語45it

作形式賓語

it

作形式賓語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）和賓語從句?！鵬t作形式賓語時(shí)，需具備兩個(gè)條件：

真正的賓主是不定式、動名詞或從句。

有賓語補(bǔ)足語具備了這兩個(gè)條件，形式賓語it一定要用。it作形式賓語461it

代替不定式（短語）

當(dāng)不定式（短語）在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動詞（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）的賓語時(shí)。Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.Theyfeltitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.2it代替動名詞（短語）

這只限于少數(shù)句型，在多數(shù)情況下用不定式時(shí)更多一些。Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.1it代替不定式（短語）473it

代替賓語從句1）某些表示“喜，怒，哀，樂”的動詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句，而是先用it作形式賓語，再把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Idon`tlikeitthathe`ssolazy.Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.Wereallyappreciateditwhensheofferedtohelp.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語，而是先用it作形式賓語，再把真正的賓語從句放在后面。常見于某些動詞加介詞的短語中，如dependon,relyon,seeto,stickto,answerfor,等。Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?Sheinsistedonitthatshewasinnocent.3it代替賓語從句483)由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時(shí)，須借用it.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.Weoweittoyouthattherewasn`taseriousaccident.Itookitforgrantedthatt