考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

問題1選項

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。repel表示“抵制”；A項holdup“舉起，阻攔”，B項holdoff“拖延，不接近”，C項holdto“堅持，緊握”，D項holdin“抑制，約束”。句意：盡管馬克用溫和的口吻極力勸說伊麗莎白，但仍然被拒絕了。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

2.單選題

Theyannouncedtothe（）gueststhattheywereengagedtobemarried.

問題1選項

A.adopted

B.acquired

C.accumulated

D.assembled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。adopt“采取，采納”；acquire“獲得”；accumulate“積攢”；assemble“集合，聚集”。句意：他們向聚集在一起的客人宣布他們訂婚的消息。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Modernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstituteintheirplace（）superficialrelationships（）passingacquaintances.

問題1選項

A.for…with

B.with…with

C./…with

D.with…for

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：現(xiàn)代社會改變了人們之間的自然關(guān)系，放松了對親人和鄰居的責(zé)任，取而代之的是萍水相逢的表面關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，superficialrelationships在句中做后置定語，所以前面不需要用介詞，而passingacquaintances在句中做伴隨狀語，所以用介詞with，故選項C為正確答案。

4.單選題

Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill（

）him.

問題1選項

A.lure

B.disturb

C.alienate

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項lure“誘惑”；B選項disturb“打擾，妨礙”；C選項alienate“使疏遠(yuǎn)”；D選項control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你將會和他疏遠(yuǎn)。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松節(jié)油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT（）.

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe（）.

問題1選項

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

問題2選項

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

問題3選項

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

問題4選項

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

問題5選項

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.（即使有醫(yī)生，他們也常常像他們的病人一樣缺乏知識。）故A選項“他們不知道如何治療他們不熟悉的疾病”正確。B選項“他們對在城市建立業(yè)務(wù)更感興趣”，C選項“他們更關(guān)心做研究而不是治療病人”，D選項“他們經(jīng)常對他們病人的疾病無可奈何”不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

32.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.（大多數(shù)專利藥和賣專利藥的流動商人的藥品一樣，都不可靠。）所以我們可以推理出專利藥的效果難以保證。C選項“它們的效果不太好?！闭_。A選項“它們不貴”，B選項“它們對治療蛇咬傷有幫助”，D選項“它們味道很重”都不符合原文。故選C。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句，提示詞learnbackhome（從家學(xué)習(xí)到的），可以在下半句找到答案，theirEasterncousins（她們東部的表兄弟們）可推理出她們來自美國的東部地區(qū)。A選項Thedesert“沙漠”；B選項Thewest“西部”；C選項ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”，首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（作為她家庭健康的守護(hù)者，這位開拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她從未想象過的情況。很少有婦女來西部就準(zhǔn)備好了應(yīng)對沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇的咬傷或箭傷的。）由此可排除AB選項，C選項為干擾項，文中只說了穿越了密西西比并沒有直接說明來自那里。故選D。

34.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（很少的婦女來到西部，就能夠準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇咬傷或者箭傷的。）A選項“箭傷”，C選項“沙漠曬傷”，D選項“響尾蛇咬傷”在句中都有提及，而B選項“嚴(yán)重的凍傷”并未涉及，故選B。

35.語義推測題。A選項sincere“真誠的”；B選項young“年輕的”；C選項resourceful“有策略的，足智多謀的”；D選項rich“富有的”。從第一段我們知道西部地區(qū)是比較艱苦的，定位到第二段awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.(女人可以借鑒自己在家里學(xué)到的民間智慧和療法。)由此我們可知先鋒者在西部艱苦的地方生存下來是需要有一定技巧的，故選C。

6.單選題

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶壓載水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑馬貝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼體）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

問題1選項

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

問題2選項

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs

問題3選項

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters

D.sometimesdisruptshippingtimes

問題4選項

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature

B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry

C.acenturiesoldspecies

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents

問題5選項

A.isunlikelytobeidentified

B.mustprecedefurtherresearch

C.ishypotheticallyeasy

D.willlimitglobalshipping

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Dr.Carlton定位到第二段Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.這些生物從適合當(dāng)?shù)厣W(wǎng)的沿海水域遷移到一些可能會將網(wǎng)絡(luò)撕裂的地方?？芍@些海洋生物從沿海水域被轉(zhuǎn)移到了其他地方。故A項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.坎頓和其他海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家擔(dān)心的是，他們對每天悄悄進(jìn)入世界各地沿海水域的數(shù)百只外來入侵者缺乏了解?！笨芍Ｑ髮W(xué)家擔(dān)心的是他們對外來入侵者不了解。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhavedevastatingeffects…不斷移動的海洋生物已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)改變了海洋生物。它會產(chǎn)生毀滅性的影響…可知外來海洋生物的入侵會擾亂水域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，造成嚴(yán)重影響。故A項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway船舶將壓艙水及其居民裝載在一個港口的沿海水域，并將壓艙水傾倒在數(shù)千公里以外的另一個港口?！笨芍斐赏鈦砗Ｑ笊锶肭值脑蚴谴盀榱吮３制胶庖词执罅康膲号撍搅硪粋€港口后，要將這些壓艙水倒出來，所以船舶的運輸為海洋生物入侵提供了機(jī)會，B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.那些創(chuàng)造了生物“傳送帶”的海洋國家應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)國際力量，小心翼翼地弄清楚正在發(fā)生的事情以及應(yīng)該做些什么?？芍狟項“必須進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究”正確。

7.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的沖擊下，哲學(xué)任務(wù)這個概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看，可以說，哲學(xué)家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實的絕對真理和絕對的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們試圖構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點，一種對宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學(xué)的各種貢獻(xiàn)整合成一個明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點。最后，哲學(xué)家們試圖澄清知識和評估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評方法，對絕對真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無意義，也是徒勞無益的。當(dāng)代科學(xué)的精神是“批判性的”，因為它的所有結(jié)論直到“進(jìn)一步注意”才被認(rèn)為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說，這兩個極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開接受批評和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

8.單選題

Havingwrittenover200booksIsaacAsimovisaveryprolificwriter.

問題1選項

A.loquacious

B.productive

C.capable

D.well-known

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.loquacious話多的B.productive多產(chǎn)的

C.capable有能力的D.well-known著名的

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是writer“作家”，根據(jù)前文“寫了200多本書”推測，本句表達(dá)的是他寫了很多書，產(chǎn)出非常多，B選項productive“多產(chǎn)的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞prolific“多產(chǎn)的”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項loquacious“話多的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項capable“有能力的”，沒有B選項精確；

D選項well-known“著名的”，沒有B選項精確。

【句意】艾薩克?阿西莫夫（IsaacAsimov）是一位非常多產(chǎn)的作家，他寫了200多本書。

9.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

TheAmericantraditionhasfoundthisviewofhumanhistoryrepugnantandfalse.（1）

Thistraditionseestheworldasmany,notasone.Theseempiricalinstincts,thepreferenceforfactoverlogic,fordeedoverdogma,havefoundtheirmostbrilliantexpressioninthewritingsofWilliamJamesandintheapproachtophilosophicalproblemswhichJamescalled“radicalempiricism”.Againstthebeliefintheall-encompassingpowerofasingleexplanation,againstthecommitmenttotheabsolutismofideology,againstthenotionthatallanswerstopoliticalandsocialproblemscanbefoundinthebackofsomesacredbook,againstthedeterministicinterpretationofhistory,againstthecloseduniverse,（2）

Jamesstoodforwhathecalledtheunfinisheduniverse―auniversemarkedbygrowth,variety,ambiguity,mystery,andcontingency―auniversewherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwherenomortalmanwillevergetanabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth,auniversewheresocialprogressdependsnotoncapitulationtoasingle,all-consumingbodyof

doctrine,butonthe

unforced

intercourseofunconstrainedminds.

Thusideologyandpragmatismdifferradicallyintheirviewsofhistory.Theydifferjustasradicallyintheirapproachtoissuesofpublicpolicy.Theideologist,bymistakingmodelsforreality,alwaysmisleadsastothepossibilitiesandconsequencesofpublicdecision.Thehistoryofthetwentiethcenturyisarecordofthemanifoldwaysinwhichhumanityhasbeenbetrayedbyideology.

Letustakeanexamplefromcontemporaryhistory.（3）

Itisevidentnow,forexample,thatthechoicebetweenprivateandpublicmeans,thatchoicewhichhasobsessedsomuchrecentpoliticalandeconomicdiscussioninunderdevelopedcountries,isnotamatterofreligiousprinciple.Itisnotamoralissuetobedecidedonabsolutistgrounds,eitherbythoseontherightwhoregardtheuseofpublicmeansaswickedandsinful,orbythoseontheleftwhoregardtheuseofprivatemeanswickedandsinful.Itissimplyapracticalquestionastowhichmeanscanbestachievethedesiredend.Itisaproblemtobeanswerednotbytheologybutbyexperienceandexperiment.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse.Theybelongtothevocabularyofdemagoguery,nottothevocabularyofanalysis.

So,withtheinventionofthemixedsociety,pragmatismhastriumphedoverabsolutism.Asaconsequence,theworldiscomingtounderstandthatthemixedeconomyofferedtheinstrumentalitiesthroughwhichonecanunitesocialcontrolwithindividualfreedom.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhowmuchitisexposedbyexperience,thecravingforitstillpersists.Thatcravingwill,nodoubt,alwayspersist,solongasthereishumanhungerforanall-embracing,all-explanatorysystem,solongindeedaspoliticalphilosophyisshapedbythecompulsiontoreturntothewomb.

Theoldestphilosophicalproblem,wehavenoted,istherelationshipbetweentheoneandtheoneandthemany.Surelythebasicconflictofourtimesispreciselytheconflictbetweenthosewhowouldreducetheworldtooneandthosewhoseetheworldasmany—betweenthosewhobelievethattheworldisevolvinginasingledirection,alongasinglepredestinedline,towardasinglepredestinedconclusion,andthosewhothinkthathumanityinthefuture,asinthepast,willcontinuetoevolveindiversedirections,towarddiverseconclusions,accordingtothediversetraditions,values,andpurposesofdiversepeoples.Itisachoice,inshort,betweendogmatismandpragmatism,betweenthetheologicalsocietyandtheexperimentalsociety.

Ideologistsareafraidofthefreeflowofideas,evenofdeviantideaswithintheirownideology.TheyareconvincedtheyhaveamonopolyontheTruth.Thereforetheyalwaysfeelthattheyareonlysavingtheworldwhentheyslaughtertheheretics.（4）

Theirobjectiveremainsthatofmakingtheworldoverintheimageoftheirdogmaticideology.Thegoalisamonolithicworld,organizedondieprincipleofinfallibility—buttheonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.

Thegoaloffreemenisquitedifferent.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth.Theirreligiousandtheirintellectualheritagejoininleadingthemtosuspectfellowmenwholayclaimtoinfallibility.TheybelievethatthereisnogreaterdelusionthanformantomistakehimselfforGod.（5）

Theyacceptthelimitationsofthehumanintellectandtheinfirmityofthehumanspirit.Thedistinctivehumantriumph,intheirjudgment,liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstrivingbuttostrivenonetheless.

【答案】1.這種傳統(tǒng)將世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。威廉?詹姆斯的作品以及詹姆斯所謂的“激進(jìn)經(jīng)驗主義”對待哲學(xué)問題的方法，最好地表達(dá)了這種經(jīng)驗主義的本能，即注重事實而不是推理，注重行為而不是教條。

2.詹姆斯主張被他稱為“未完成的世界”的觀點——一個以成長性、多樣性、不確定性、神秘性、偶然性為特征的世界——一個自由的人們可以找到部分真理、而不是某個凡人獨自掌握了絕對真理的世界；一個社會的進(jìn)步不是依賴單一、耗盡所有精力的學(xué)說，而是依靠自由思想不受約束的交流的世界。

3.例如，在選擇公有制還是私有制的問題上，發(fā)展中國家在近來的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)討論中備受困擾，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很清楚了，這不是宗教原則問題。

4.他們的追求仍然是根據(jù)他們意識形態(tài)的教條概念去改造世界。他們的目標(biāo)是按照確定無誤的理論，建造一個龐大而僵化的世界——然而，絕對的體制必然導(dǎo)致權(quán)力的濫用。

5.他們承認(rèn)人類智力的局限性及心靈的脆弱性。根據(jù)他們的判斷，人類與眾不同的巨大成就在于他們懂得人類的奮斗雖然存在缺憾，但仍然奮斗不息的能力。

10.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項“低于商人的預(yù)期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認(rèn)為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“他認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設(shè)計和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對一個經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個方面的貢獻(xiàn)……，根據(jù)C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉(zhuǎn)向新的市場或改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.

Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.

Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.

【答案】科學(xué)家研究我們居住的這個世界。他們受好奇心驅(qū)使，當(dāng)有新發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)方法來解釋那些未解之謎時他們會變得興奮?？茖W(xué)家一般都不自私，他們樂于將喜悅分享給他人。他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)出版，這樣全世界對此有興趣的人都能接觸到。

事實上，他們交流結(jié)果也是為了自己?？茖W(xué)家們渴望與其他研究相同和類似問題的同行交流。通過交換結(jié)果和想法，他們成功的機(jī)會更大，能更快達(dá)到目標(biāo)。通常他們研究的目標(biāo)大部分是屬于物理、化學(xué)或者生物領(lǐng)域的，這些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特質(zhì)。歐洲和中國的自然規(guī)律都是一樣的。正是這個原因使得科學(xué)家之間的對話不會為政治界限所阻。只要科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有同行在研究同一個問題，無論在世界何處，交換各自的知識就能幫助對方推進(jìn)研究。由于這些原因，科學(xué)家之間的國際合作蓬勃發(fā)展。

很多人具備所有快樂的條件，比如健康以及足夠的收入，但是他們卻并不快樂。就這種情況來說，似乎問題出在生活理論的錯誤上。在某個意義上，我們可以說任何關(guān)于生活的理論都是錯誤的。我們和動物的區(qū)別并沒有想象中的大。動物的生活是沖動性的，只要外部條件合適，它們就會很快樂。如果你有一只貓，它只要有東西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶爾有機(jī)會出去玩，它就會很快樂。你的需求遠(yuǎn)比你的貓的要復(fù)雜，但還是以本能為基礎(chǔ)的。在文明社會中，尤其是在講英語的國家，這一點很容易被人遺忘。人們給自己提出一個至高無上的目標(biāo)，并抑制一切不利于實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的沖動。

12.單選題

ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity_______shockandangerthroughouttheworld.

問題1選項

A.tempted

B.provoked

C.summoned

D.enveloped

【答案】B

【解析】tempted引誘,誘導(dǎo);provoked激起,引起;summoned傳喚,召集;enveloped包圍,包封,遮蓋。句意：紐約雙子塔的毀壞在全世界引起了震驚和憤怒。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Inanycommercialtransactionaconsumermusthaveconfidencethatthebusinesswhoseproducttheyareabouttopurchaseisreliableandthattheproductbeingofferedisworththepricethatispaid.Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.Thebestcompaniesalwaysunderstandthisexpectationandconti