考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中央司法警官學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中央司法警官學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshe’ll（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeround

B.comealong

C.comeon

D.comeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。comeround“順道拜訪，改主意，恢復(fù)知覺，蘇醒”；comealong“出現(xiàn)，一起來(lái)”；comeon“加油，快點(diǎn)”；comeout“出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是”。句意：她昏倒了，往她臉上噴點(diǎn)水，她就會(huì)蘇醒的。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStates（）HenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanhad

B.thanwas

C.thandid

D.aswas

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。more...than...為有關(guān)比較的固定用法,

首先排除選項(xiàng)D。

did

代動(dòng)詞,

代替hadaneffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleoftheUSA,

所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：恐怕沒有誰(shuí)對(duì)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人的日常生活影響能超過(guò)汽車生產(chǎn)的先驅(qū)亨利.福特。

3.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人電腦對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)不再遙不可及，現(xiàn)在電腦很容易買到。

考查副詞辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地輕而易舉地；quickly迅速地。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1.Thewritermentionstheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalstosuggestthat（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredformDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat（）.

3.Dr.Worm’scommentof“thesefiguresareconservative”（Line1,Paragraph3）means（）.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersmaintainthat（）.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

B.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsago

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

B.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

C.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

D.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation

B.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime

C.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

D.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalapplication

B.managementefficiency

C.catch-sizelimits

D.biomasslevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通過(guò)講述史前人類到達(dá)新地方時(shí)，大型動(dòng)物會(huì)突然滅絕，進(jìn)而引出討論的話題，即海洋生物也會(huì)在人類來(lái)臨之后面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“…thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.”可知，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開發(fā)后的15年中大型捕食類魚種的生物量平均減少了80%。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)，自那以后，這個(gè)數(shù)量又減少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了90%；故B選項(xiàng)表述正確，其余選項(xiàng)均不能由他們的論文得出。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承認(rèn)論文中的數(shù)據(jù)是保守的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在捕魚的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高，已經(jīng)用上了衛(wèi)星和聲納定位，這些設(shè)備50年前是無(wú)法使用的。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了，以前被鯊魚搶走的，現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚都不見了，自然被捕撈的就更多了。由此可知，之前的那些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知，兩位博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了正確的基準(zhǔn)線，因?yàn)槿藗冎詻]有察覺到海洋中發(fā)生的巨大變化是因?yàn)樗麄冎换仡櫫诉^(guò)去相對(duì)較短的一段時(shí)間，所以在未來(lái)的管理工作中要明確“移動(dòng)基準(zhǔn)線”的意義。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)“人們要根據(jù)變化情況調(diào)整基準(zhǔn)線”。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，當(dāng)目標(biāo)魚種的生物量約為其原始水平的50%時(shí)，漁場(chǎng)就可以收獲最大的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量。而大多數(shù)漁場(chǎng)都遠(yuǎn)低于這一水平，這是一種糟糕的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是漁場(chǎng)的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量，也就是關(guān)心biomasslevel（生態(tài)量）。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Thetaleisbasedonthe______ideaofamanwhoremainsyoungwhilehisportraitonthewallgrowsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.querulous

D.cynical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的，躊躇的”，B項(xiàng)whimsical“古怪的，異想天開的”，C項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的，愛發(fā)牢騷的”，D項(xiàng)cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”。根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)從句“掛在墻上的肖像會(huì)變老，而他卻依然年輕”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中“異想天開的”符合。句意：這個(gè)故事是基于一個(gè)人的異想天開的想法，他仍然年輕，而他的肖像在墻上變老。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S..Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered—surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.

2.RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.

3.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefield

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefield

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseas

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefield

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeons

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreen

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentangles

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnified

D.heiswearing3-Dglasses

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewounded

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequickly

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedious

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.據(jù)理查德?薩塔瓦（RichardSatava）稱，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用____。

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldA.將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldB.可以讓戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵振作起來(lái)

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldC.將大大改善戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療條件

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldD.可以縮短戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第一句“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們就能在每條戰(zhàn)壕里安置一名外科醫(yī)生。”以及第三段最后一句“醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)?！笨芍摂M現(xiàn)實(shí)可以運(yùn)用到戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上去，由此可推斷這將提高戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療水平。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上”，文中第三段提到“這些電腦將把士兵的圖像傳送給美國(guó)的外科醫(yī)生。外科醫(yī)生將通過(guò)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵”也就是說(shuō)醫(yī)生們并不是親自出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的，而是通過(guò)電腦進(jìn)行操作。該選項(xiàng)意思與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵振作起來(lái)”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“可以縮短戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想____。

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasA.使用遠(yuǎn)程控制技術(shù)治療在海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldB.在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsC.受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseasD.在海外設(shè)立移動(dòng)外科單位

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“他設(shè)想了這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代：在海外作戰(zhàn)中受傷的士兵被安置在配備了電腦的移動(dòng)外科病房里?！迸鋫潆娔X也就是指的遠(yuǎn)程治療，由此可知他設(shè)想用遠(yuǎn)程治療技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景”，文中第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生將通過(guò)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕。醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)是戴著頭盔的醫(yī)生引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人做手術(shù)，而不是醫(yī)生本人做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)”，文中提到“醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上機(jī)動(dòng)外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動(dòng)手術(shù)。”也就是說(shuō)是機(jī)器人做手術(shù)而不是醫(yī)生做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在海外設(shè)立移動(dòng)外科單位”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是如何進(jìn)行的？

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.A.它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的。

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.B.外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋。

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.C.外科醫(yī)生通過(guò)與機(jī)器人相連的計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)移動(dòng)機(jī)器人設(shè)備。

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.D.3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過(guò)程中的動(dòng)作。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段三、四句“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，計(jì)算機(jī)把圖像傳給醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人，因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的?！?，文章提及現(xiàn)實(shí)虛擬手術(shù)是由外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制進(jìn)行手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋?！保撌中g(shù)不僅僅是外科醫(yī)生接受反饋，而且他們操作機(jī)器人進(jìn)行，因此該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過(guò)程中的動(dòng)作”，文中倒數(shù)第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生露西亞?薩莫拉諾通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)掃描獲取大腦圖像，并使用計(jì)算機(jī)程序生成3D圖像?！笨芍?D圖像記錄的是傷口而不是手術(shù)中醫(yī)生的動(dòng)作，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)中，醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體上的傷口，因?yàn)開___。

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenA.他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesB.這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedC.因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅?/p>

D.heiswearing3-DglassesD.他戴著3D眼鏡

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“在這些手術(shù)過(guò)程中，外科醫(yī)生會(huì)戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野?！币虼诉xD。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口”，這并不是更好地看到身體傷口的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查”，文章提到“戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”但并沒有說(shuō)可以從不同的角度進(jìn)行檢查，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅恕?，文章提到“戴?D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”，但并沒有說(shuō)傷口被放大，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因?yàn)樗鼈僟___。

A.causelesspaintothewoundedA.減少了受傷人員的疼痛

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyB.可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstediousC.將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionD.是由機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生以更高的精確度完成的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第四段“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器。計(jì)算機(jī)向外科醫(yī)生提供力量、紋理和聲音方面的反饋?！币约拔恼碌箶?shù)第二段“他們命令機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織?！庇纱丝赏茢?，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是由機(jī)器人進(jìn)行的更精確的手術(shù)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少了受傷人員的疼痛”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

7.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨(dú)立的”;separated“分開的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨(dú)的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨(dú)立的身份。選項(xiàng)B更符合句意。

8.單選題

Nowthecheersandapplause______inasinglesustainedroar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mingled

B.concentrated

C.assembled

D.permeated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mingled“混合；交往；使混合；使相混”；B選項(xiàng)concentrated“集中；濃縮；全神貫注；聚集”；C選項(xiàng)assembled“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；D選項(xiàng)permeated“滲透，透過(guò)；彌漫；透入；散布”。句意：現(xiàn)在歡呼聲和掌聲交織成一聲持續(xù)的吼聲。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改為speakup。D處句意應(yīng)為“大聲說(shuō)”,而speakout表示“公開說(shuō)出”。

10.單選題

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”；B選項(xiàng)exclude“不放在考慮之列；防止……進(jìn)入，阻止……參加，把……排斥在外”；C選項(xiàng)allot“分配，配給（時(shí)間、錢財(cái)?shù)龋?；分派（任?wù)等）”；D選項(xiàng)commend“贊揚(yáng)；舉薦”。句意：我們將出臺(tái)立法，簡(jiǎn)化商標(biāo)注冊(cè)程序，擴(kuò)大他們______的權(quán)利。橫線處和they形成主謂關(guān)系來(lái)修飾rights“權(quán)利”，A選項(xiàng)confer“授予（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、學(xué)位、榮譽(yù)或權(quán)利）”對(duì)應(yīng)rights“權(quán)利”，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps（

）aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coach

B.forsake

C.foster

D.censor

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。foster“培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)”；coach“訓(xùn)練，指導(dǎo)”；forsake意為“遺棄，拋棄”;censor意為“審查，檢查”。句意：最重要的是，這樣的經(jīng)歷能促使人們對(duì)其他文化的感受性，并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Theyweremorethangladtoleavetheircarsparkedandwalked（

）forachange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.for

C.to

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們更樂意去把車停放在某個(gè)地方，然后改為走路。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Forcenturiescoalhasbeenoneofthemostimportantfuels,anditstillis,althoughitislessimportantnowthanitoncewas.Otherfuels,notablypetroleumandnaturalgas,arereplacingit.Butcoalisstillwidelyusedfordomesticheatingandinpowerstationsforgeneratingelectricity.Enormousquantitiesofcoalaremadeintogas,andforuseinmetal-smeltingfurnaces,andelsewhere.Andcoalprovidesvaluablerawmaterialsforthechemicalindustry,too.Buthereagain,petroleumandnaturalgasaresupplantingcoal.

Weminecoalfromtheground,justasweminemineralsandores.Thedepositsmaylieonorjustbelowthesurfaceordeepunderground.Itisincoal-miningthatthegreatestadvancesinminingmethodshavetakenplace.Continuousminingmachineshewthecoalfromthecoalface,whereoncetheminersslaved.Lengthyconveyorsystemsconveyawaythehewcoal.Dieselandbatterylocomotiveshaulwagonsalongmilesofundergroundtunnels.

Wetendtocallcoalamineral,too.Butthereisagreatdifferencebetweencoaland,say,ironore.Ironoreisinorganicinorigin,beingformedasaresultofinorganic,ornon-livingprocessesinsidetheEarth'scrust.Coal,ontheotherhand,isorganicinorigin,beingderivedfromplantswhichoncelivedonthesurface.Itconsistsmainlyofcarbon.Theactualproportionofcarbonvariesfromonetypeofcoaltoanother.

MostofthecoalintheworldisderivedfromplantsthatgrewintheCarboniferousPeriodoftheEarth'shistory,whichlastedfromabout350milliontoabout280millionyearsago.DuringthisperiodwholeregionsoftheEarthwerecoveredinswamps,inwhichlivedgiganticfernsandtrees.Theplantsdiedandfellintotheswamps.Bacteriaacteduponthedeadvegetablematterandcausedittodecay.Astimewenton,thedecomposingvegetablematterbecamecoveredwithmudandclay,andthenmoreplantsgrew,died,decayed,andsoon.Inplaceslayeruponlayerofdecayedplantremainsbuiltup,sandwichedbetweenmudandclaysediments.IntimetheEarth'scrustfoldedthiswayandthat;heatandpressurechangedthesedimentsintorockandforcedoutmostofthewaterfromthedecayedmatter,whichchangedintocoal.Thuswerethecoalmeasuresformed.

Notallthecoalwassubjectedtothesamedegreesofheatandpressure.Thereforetherearedifferentkindsofcoals.Peatisnotreallyatruecoal,butitrepresentsthefirstdecompositionstageinthecoal-formingprocess.Lignite,orbrowncoal,representsafurtherstateintheprocess.Itcontainsalittlelessmoisture,andsomewhatmorecarbonthanpeat.Nextthereisbituminousorsoftcoal,themostplentifulofthecoals.Ithasahighcarboncontentandcontainslittlemoisture.Thefinalproductofthecoal-makingprocessisanthracite,orhardcoal,whichisovernine-tenthscarbonandcontainsscarcelyanymoistureatall.

1.Theword"supplanting"inline6ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.What'sthedifferencebetweencoalandironore?

4.Fromthepassage,weknowthat（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

6.Paragraph4dealswith（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,thereare（）typesofcoal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supplementing

B.supplying

C.replacing

D.providing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.differencebetweencoalandironore

B.thedepositofcoal

C.miningmachine

D.generatingelectricity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaredifferentinorigin

B.Theyaredifferentinappearance.

C.Theyaredifferentincolon

D.Theyaredifferentinminingmethods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.coalisjustusedfordomesticheating.

B.ironoreisorganic.

C.bothcoalandironoreareimportantfuels.

D.coalislessimportantthanitoncewas.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theapplicationsofcoal

B.Theapplicationsandformationofcoal.

C.Classificationofcoal.

D.Coalislessimportantthanitoncewas.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theprocessofcoalformation

B.thechangesofcoal

C.theclassificationofcoal

D.thecarbonincoal

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.4

B.6

C.8

D.10

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文句意可知,石油和天然氣正在取代煤炭。supplementing補(bǔ)；supplying供應(yīng),充；replacing更換,替代；providing提供。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近,所以正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,本段主要是講開采煤礦的過(guò)程,其中重點(diǎn)描述的是開采器械,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,煤和鐵礦有很大的區(qū)別。鐵礦的來(lái)源是無(wú)機(jī)的,是地殼內(nèi)部無(wú)機(jī)或無(wú)生命的過(guò)程。煤的來(lái)源是有機(jī)的,來(lái)自曾經(jīng)生活在地表的植物。由此可知,它們的來(lái)源不同,選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第一段第一句“itislessimportantnowthanitoncewas.”可知選D符合原文；選項(xiàng)A和B表述錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及。所以本題選D。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講煤炭的應(yīng)用與形成。選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文。

6.第四段最后一句“Thuswerethecoalmeasuresformed.”為本段的中心句,本段主要是講煤的形成過(guò)程,選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.根據(jù)原文最后一段可知,煤有四種：peat,lignite（browncoal）,bituminous（softcoal）,anthracite（hardcoal）,注意連詞“or”的使用就能快速找出答案,選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.單選題

Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe（

）ofeverythingelseinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heart

B.beginning

C.mercy

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意為“以……為代價(jià)”。

句意：太多的人相信為了成就大事我們必須做出殘酷的犧牲，為了在工作中取得成功，我們必須一心一意，以犧牲生活中的其他一切為代價(jià)。

15.單選題

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalniche---Holoceneclimatestability---whichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservices---aquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systems---withthehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。整篇文章作者都是客觀地闡述了大城市的城市化對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞，但是小城市、小鎮(zhèn)的城市化和生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)合起來(lái)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生良性循環(huán)。其中沒有作者過(guò)多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。所以對(duì)文中的問題作者持中立的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources”，可知城市形態(tài)是由投機(jī)者和開發(fā)商決定的，繞過(guò)了對(duì)規(guī)劃和資源的民主監(jiān)督，這造成了空間隔離和環(huán)境問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.”，可知使城市地區(qū)在環(huán)境上的問題正是因?yàn)檫@些特點(diǎn)，即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的?？膳袛喑鰐hese指代的就是上文提到的features，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。wholesome“健全的”；righteous“正義的”；efficacious“有效的”；pernicious“有毒的，惡性的”。句意：相比之下，那些最典型的城市特征，與一些小城市或城鎮(zhèn)結(jié)合起來(lái)也會(huì)形成一個(gè)更良性的循環(huán)。所以virtuous意思為良性的，只有pernicious不是它的同義詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Accesstocitycenters