考研考博-英語-臨沂大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨沂大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

One-thirdoftheUSphysiciansareover65,andthatproportionisexpectedtorise.Asdoctorsinthebabyboomgenerationreach65,manyareunderincreasingfinancialpressuresthatmakethemreluctanttoretire.Manydoctors,ofcourse,retaintheirskillsandsharpnessofmindintotheir70sandbeyond.ButphysiciansarehardlyimmunetoParldnson’sdisease,strokeandotherillsofaging.Andsomeexpertswarnthattherearetoofewsafeguardstoprotectpatientsagainstthosewhoshouldnolongerbepracticing.“Myguessisthatpeoplethinkthereissomefail-safemechanismtoprotectthemfromincompetentphysicians”,Dr.Norcrosssaid.“Thereisnot.”

【答案】三分之一的美國醫(yī)生年齡在65歲以上，這一比例預(yù)計還會上升。隨著嬰兒潮一代的醫(yī)生年滿65歲，許多人面臨著越來越大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，因此不愿退休。當(dāng)然，許多醫(yī)生在70多歲以后仍然保持著他們的技能和敏銳的頭腦。但是醫(yī)生很難對帕爾登森病、中風(fēng)和其他衰老疾病免疫。一些專家警告說，保護(hù)病人免受那些不應(yīng)該再執(zhí)業(yè)的人傷害的保障措施太少了。諾克羅斯博士說：“我的猜測是，人們認(rèn)為有某種故障安全機(jī)制可以保護(hù)他們免受不稱職的醫(yī)生的傷害。然而，實際上是沒有的?！?/p>

2.單選題

Despite（

）effortsbythefinanceminister,inflationroseto36points.

問題1選項

A.absurd

B.grimy

C.valiant

D.fraudulent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。absurd“不合理的，荒謬的，可笑的，愚蠢的”；grimy“污穢的”；valiant“勇敢的，英勇的”；fraudulent“欺詐的，欺騙的”。句意：盡管財政部長做了無畏的努力，通貨膨脹還是上升到了36點。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks詭計，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語，諷刺語。選項A與之意思相近。

4.單選題

Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.

問題1選項

A.familiarize

B.modify

C.orient

D.alter

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……適應(yīng)……”。句意：大學(xué)新生花了一段時間使自己適應(yīng)大學(xué)的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

5.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

問題1選項

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

問題2選項

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

問題3選項

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

問題4選項

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

問題5選項

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少數(shù)群體因其不同于占主導(dǎo)地位的多數(shù)群體的特征的程度決定了該群體被接受的程度。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明顯不同特征的移民往往被視為對美國基本價值觀和美國生活方式的威脅。選項C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”為移民提供公民課程是因為美國希望移民們了解并保持美國的價值觀。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作為對他們幫助的回報，政治領(lǐng)袖們希望移民們在選舉中投票支持他們，從而使他們繼續(xù)掌權(quán)。所以選項B正確。

5.根據(jù)第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世紀(jì)的移民生活水平提高主要原因還是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，所以選項D正確。

6.單選題

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited,thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentifythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkerssuchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400”inparagraph3?

2.Accordingtoparagraph5,whydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

4.Accordingtoparagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

問題1選項

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear

B.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney

C.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth

D.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections

問題2選項

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritieswhohavenormallifestyles

問題3選項

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs

B.Theydonottrytofindemployment

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation

問題4選項

A.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime

B.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously

C.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘為什么作者在第三段提到“福布斯400強(qiáng)”?’根據(jù)第三段第一句Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.“盡管社會上關(guān)于他們的神話總與事實相反，但是預(yù)測未來財富只要看你出生的家庭就行了”和第四句Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled“self-made”werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets.“榜單上那些可以被稱為“白手起家”的人并不是典型的出身貧寒；最重要的繼承資產(chǎn)?！笨梢源_定B選項“支持大部分富人都是繼承了家庭財產(chǎn)的論點”。A選項“解釋每年公布財富榜單的意義”沒有在文章中提及；C選項“對家庭收入可以推測個人財富這一觀點提出質(zhì)疑”和D選項“舉例說明大部分富人與家庭之間的關(guān)系不多”與原文意思相反。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第5段，為什么在美國大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為自己是中產(chǎn)階級?’根據(jù)第五段第三句ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesinanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.“但是，美國是一個開放的階級制度，這一觀點使許多人認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)人都過著中產(chǎn)階級的生活方式，因為一般來說，人們不愿意承認(rèn)美國的階級差別?！焙偷谒木銽hus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.“因此，中產(chǎn)階級成為了普遍存在的規(guī)范，盡管許多自稱中產(chǎn)階級的人對這個階級地位的把握微乎其微?！贝_定C選項“人們不愿意去了解階級的不同”正確。A選項“他們其他人有著相同的生活方式”與原文的不同階級劃分相反，排除；B選項“因為不清楚階級，所以他們不知道如何去定義自己的位置”沒有在文章中提及，排除；D選項“他們認(rèn)定自己和大多數(shù)人一樣有著正常的生活方式”與題干沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘關(guān)于美國的窮人，我們可以推斷出什么?’根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.“較低階級是由無家可歸的窮人組成的”和第二句Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.“這個階層的人幾乎沒有接受過正規(guī)教育，經(jīng)常失業(yè)或從事最低工資的工作。”確定D選項“他們從事的工作不要求高學(xué)歷”正確。A選項“他們無法找到初級職位”和B選項“他們沒有嘗試找工作”沒有在文章中提及。C選項“他們屬于服務(wù)行業(yè)人員和手工勞動者”根據(jù)文章信息，這類人是屬于中下階級，與題干不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第7段，為什么出現(xiàn)了下層階級?’根據(jù)最后一段第五句Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopment.“下層階級包括那些被當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展拋在后面的人?！焙偷诹銻ejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.“被排斥在經(jīng)濟(jì)體系之外的下層階級可能會依賴公共援助或非法活動?！贝_定A選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的變化導(dǎo)致底層的人只能靠社會救濟(jì)或者違法行為來生存”。

7.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe（）ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問題1選項

A.enjoyment

B.appreciation

C.evaluation

D.reputation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：在他19年的職業(yè)生涯中，F(xiàn)ranceBattiate贏得了意大利以外的大量觀眾的。

enjoyment享受；appreciation欣賞；evaluation評價；reputation名譽。因此，B項符合句意。

8.單選題

Becomingdisabledbyanaccidentisoneofthemostserious（

）thatalldriversface.

問題1選項

A.shortcomings

B.faults

C.mistakes

D.hazards

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。shortcoming意為“短處，缺點”；fault意為“缺點，缺陷”；mistake意為“錯誤，過失”；hazard意為“危險，危害，事故”。

句意：車禍致殘是所有司機(jī)面臨的最大威脅之一。

9.單選題

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

問題1選項

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項splendid“壯麗的”；B選項weighty“重的”；C選項vague“模糊的”；D選項keen“熱切的”。句意：我的祖父一直對我的作品很感興趣，我也同樣欣賞他那個時代的故事。本句表示有濃厚的興趣，因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

問題1選項

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；intheeventof如果……發(fā)生；inthefaceof面臨，面對；inthecourseof在……過程中。句意：她總是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗和原則來處理問題。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Ihaven’tgotthe（）ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?

問題1選項

A.lightest

B.furthest

C.smallest

D.faintest

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lightest最輕的，最亮的；furthest最遠(yuǎn)的，最大程度的；smallest最小的；faintest一點也不的，極小的。由下文“你能說清楚一些嗎？”可推知前面“我沒有弄懂你說的意思”，故D項正確。

12.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始，大多數(shù)公司就傾向于經(jīng)營隨需應(yīng)變、隨時可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這樣為顧客提供了，而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

13.單選題

Hemadeuphismindtolosthisweightbystickingtoadietnomatterhowthefood（）him.

問題1選項

A.attracted

B.appealed

C.induced

D.tempted

【答案】D

【解析】句意:無論食物多么引誘他，他都已經(jīng)下定決心通過節(jié)食減肥。

考查動詞辨析。attract吸引（人）；appeal上訴，通常后面接appealtosb.;induce引起；tempt引誘（人），饞（人）。因此D符合句意。

14.單選題

Ametropolitanareaconsistsofacentralcityandmanysuburbanareasinits（

）.

問題1選項

A.vicinity

B.vessel

C.upkeep

D.verge

【答案】A

【解析】vicinity鄰近，附近；vessel船，艦；upkeep維持，保養(yǎng)；verge邊緣。句意：大都市區(qū)由一個中心城市和它附近的許多郊區(qū)組成。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Treasurysecurities.AlotofattentionhasfocusedonChina,buttheproblemislargerthanChinaalone.

Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits.Countriesdowhattheydobest.Poorcountriessellinexpensivelabor-intensivegoodstowealthycountriesandbuysophisticatedknowledge-intensivegoods.Livingstandardsinallcountriesrise.Someworkersandindustriesmaytemporarilylose,butmostconsumersbenefitandmostworkersareultimatelyre-employedintrade-competitiveindustries.Tradedoesn’tpermanentlydestroyjobs;spendingiscircular.

Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses.Tradecanbecomeaneconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer.Toomanysellerschasetoofewbuyers.Countriescompeteforbiggersharesofstagnantmarketsandtrytoshiftunemploymentabroad.Agreat,ifsilent,strugglehasbegun.Fordecades,expandingtradepromotedglobalprogress.Itreducedpovertyandspreadprosperity.Butifthetradingsystemcan’tsolveitsbasicproblem-over-relianceontheUSmarketitcouldfosterpoliticaldivisionandeconomicvulnerabilityforall.Tradingpatternsmustbecomemorebalancedandsustainable.

1.SomebigLatinAmericacountriesare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcertainregionaleconomyisTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thefreetradesystemwillcollapsewhen（）.

4.Theauthorstronglyadvocatesthatasustainablefreetradesystem（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith（）.

問題1選項

A.exportingmoreforenoughforeigncurrencytopaytheirdebt

B.exportingsurplusesastoreserveenoughpreciousUSdollars

C.usingUSdollarstopayalltheirinternationalanddomesticdebts

D.usingexportingasaneffectivewayfortheireconomicprosperity

問題2選項

A.Europemayhelpthefutureworldtradeexpansion.

B.LatinAmerica'sdebtwouldhinderitsexportcapacity

C.Asiamayenhancetradeexpansionbutnotspendingmuch

D.Africafindsithardtoemergeinworld-tradeexpansion

問題3選項

A.tradebecameeconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer

B.countriestriedtoshifttheirunemploymenttoothernations

C.worldtradeoverreliedonthevulnerableU.S.market

D.toomanycountriesarenotimportingmuchfromothercountries

問題4選項

A.shouldbechangedthroughinternationalcollaborations

B.willdefinitelybecomeaneconomicdepressantworldwide

C.requiresacircularityofbothimportingandexporting

D.shouldencouragebuyingmorefromtrade-competitiveindustries

問題5選項

A.economicbalanceandsustainability

B.economiccollapseandpotentialcrisis

C.tradecompetitionagainstU.S.market

D.worldwideeconomicachievementtoday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbled,andtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars—torepaytheirinternationalloans.可知，拉丁美洲也處于類似的境地。許多大國(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背負(fù)著沉重的債務(wù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長舉步維艱，他們努力爭取出口盈余——賺取寶貴的美元——以償還國際貸款。因此，選項A“出口更多賺外幣來償還債務(wù)”符合原文，故本題正確答案為A項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings可知，這些國家都是出口大國；他們似乎在爭取永久的貿(mào)易順差，并囤積過剩的出口收入。因此，可推測選項C“亞洲可能加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易擴(kuò)張，但不會花太多”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)作者觀點，當(dāng)……時，自由貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)會崩潰。根據(jù)原文最后一段Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses可知，如果太多國家囤積，自由貿(mào)易的邏輯就會崩潰。因此，結(jié)合上下文可推測D選項“太多國家從沒有從其他國家大量進(jìn)口”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits可知，以往的交易系統(tǒng)缺乏循環(huán)性。自由貿(mào)易存在的正當(dāng)之處就是大家最終都能受益。這說明作者認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的自由貿(mào)易具有循環(huán)性。因此，可推測C選項“要求進(jìn)口和出口的循環(huán)”正確。故本題正確答案為C項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問，最后一段主要講的內(nèi)容是什么？綜合分析可知，文章最后一段主要討論了貿(mào)易在何時會崩潰以及目前國際貿(mào)易太依賴美國市場所導(dǎo)致的隱含危機(jī)。因此，B選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰和潛在危機(jī)”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為B選項。

17.單選題

Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,more（）emotion.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.abiding

C.violent

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的”；abiding“持久的”；violent“暴力的”；sophisticate“復(fù)雜的”。句意：樂趣是在一種行為中體會到的。快樂是在行為之后體會到的。快樂的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

Parentsoftenfallintothetrapofofferingotherfoodinorderto（

）thechildtoeat.

問題1選項

A.tempt

B.manipulate

C.incense

D.escort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。tempt“吸引，誘使”；manipulate“操作，操控”；incense“使激怒”；escort“護(hù)送，陪同”。句意：家長們常常陷入困境，通過別的食物來吸引孩子好好吃飯。選項A符合句意。

19.不定項選擇題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat______.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Para1)mostprobablymeans“______”.

4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict______.

5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“______”.

問題1選項

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

問題2選項

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項

A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D.canbeavoided

問題5選項

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.I