考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國(guó)人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道，奧運(yùn)和中國(guó)有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

2.單選題

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyofknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shoreup/reservoirs

B.accedeto/consumers

C.participatein/recipients

D.compensatefor/custodians

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語及名詞辨析。shoreup“支持，支撐，加固”；reservoir“水庫(kù)，蓄水池”；accedeto“加入，同意，就任”；consumer“消費(fèi)者，用戶，顧客”；participatein“參與，參加”；recipient“接受者，受體”；compensatefor“賠償，補(bǔ)償”；custodian“管理人，監(jiān)護(hù)人”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)程序可以通過迫使學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)而非僅是知識(shí)接受者的方式來提供信息。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployer,oneshoulddressneatly,be（）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的；敏捷的”；B選項(xiàng)instant“立即的；緊迫的”；C選項(xiàng)timely“及時(shí)的；適時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)punctual“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的；守時(shí)的”。句意：為了給未來的雇主留下印象，職員應(yīng)該穿戴整潔，……，顯示對(duì)工作的興趣。目的是impressafutureemployer“給未來雇主留下好的印象”，應(yīng)該要dressneatly“穿戴整潔”，bepunctual“守時(shí)的”，而且顯示出對(duì)這份工作的興趣。就像是一場(chǎng)面試，最重要的還是要守時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone'smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism'senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare"opportunists".Attheotherextremeare"competitors",almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds,fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeing*displacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable—soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Theword"squander"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas"opportunists"or"competitors"isdeterminedby（）

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedinParagraph7ascontributionstothelongevityofoaktreesEXCEPT（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredascompetitorsbecause（）

5.InParagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extend

B.transform

C.activate

D.waste

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfires

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theygrowintheareasfreeofopportunities

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beganasopportunistsandevolvedintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，生長(zhǎng)、繁殖和日常代謝都需要生物體消耗能量。這里的squander應(yīng)該與expend“消耗，浪費(fèi)"意思相近。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，"opportunists（機(jī)會(huì)主義者）"幾乎所有的能量都用于繁殖，而用于生長(zhǎng)的能量卻很少。"競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者（competitors）"幾乎將其所有的能量都用于生長(zhǎng)一個(gè)龐大的身軀，而只有極少部分的能量用于繁殖。由此可知，兩者的區(qū)別在于生物體分配能量的方式不同，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均有對(duì)應(yīng)信息。選項(xiàng)D與題干意義不符。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第七段的"...theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots"橡樹將其能量大多用于構(gòu)建其樹葉、樹干和樹根上，而不是其種子上。這與第三段提到的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的定義相同，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第七段的最后一句“...thepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.”單純的機(jī)會(huì)主義者或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者在自然界中是很少見的，大多數(shù)的物種都處于這兩個(gè)極端組成的區(qū)域中，顯現(xiàn)出兼有二者的一些特征。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)

1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.

2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.

3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.

【答案】1.我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，創(chuàng)新是各國(guó)和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)的重要?jiǎng)恿?。我們致力于解決經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)疲軟的根源問題之一，將創(chuàng)新作為我們努力為各國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)尋找新的增長(zhǎng)引擎的關(guān)鍵因素。

2.認(rèn)識(shí)到腐敗和非法資金流動(dòng)對(duì)公共資源公平分配、可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的不利影響，以及破壞全球金融體系的完整性和法治，我們將加強(qiáng)二十國(guó)集團(tuán)的反腐敗國(guó)際合作，同時(shí)充分尊重國(guó)際法、人權(quán)、法治以及各國(guó)主權(quán)。

3.當(dāng)我們看到來自我們國(guó)家的人獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)心里產(chǎn)生的那種自豪感，與我們看到我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員收獲奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌時(shí)油然而生的自豪感不同。我們內(nèi)心并不會(huì)有一種優(yōu)越感認(rèn)為我們的民族優(yōu)于其他民族，恰恰相反，獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的自豪感是源于得知我們當(dāng)中的某個(gè)人對(duì)全人類的共同努力做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

6.單選題

Ourbiologicaluniquenessrequiresthattheeffectsofasubstancemustbeverifiedby（

）experiments,evenafterthousandsoftestsoftheeffectsofthatsubstanceonanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolutionary

B.human

C.random

D.replicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evolutionary進(jìn)化的，發(fā)展的；human人類的；random任意的，胡亂的；replicated重復(fù)的。句意：我們生物的唯一性要求一種物質(zhì)的效用必須被人類實(shí)驗(yàn)所證明，甚至是在經(jīng)過對(duì)該物質(zhì)在動(dòng)物身上千萬次的試驗(yàn)以后。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

8.單選題

Theoilpriceisalsoabigrisk,mainlybecausetheBush（）appearsdeterminedtoattackIraq.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.government

B.administration

C.cabinet

D.registration

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。government“政府”；administration“管理，行政”；cabinet“內(nèi)閣”；registration“登記，注冊(cè)”。句意：油價(jià)也是一個(gè)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，主要是因?yàn)椴际舱坪鯖Q意要攻打伊拉克。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Youcannotbe（

）carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.so

C.too

D.enough

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。cannottoo…“再...也不為過”。句意：開車時(shí)你再怎么小心也不為過。答案C

10.單選題

）

theafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市場(chǎng)上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午卻小幅上漲。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。regain恢復(fù),收回（不及物動(dòng)詞）上漲；recover恢復(fù),彌補(bǔ),重新獲得；restore恢復(fù),還原;revive復(fù)興,蘇醒,恢復(fù)精祌。根據(jù)前面句意以及表轉(zhuǎn)折的but可知A符合句意。

11.單選題

Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reveal

B.haverevealed

C.berevealed

D.havebeenrevealed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：結(jié)果本應(yīng)在昨天公布，但我們什么也沒有聽說。wereto表示過去將來時(shí)，根據(jù)reveal的動(dòng)作按照計(jì)劃在昨天就應(yīng)該被完成，確定用完成的狀態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)havebeenrevealed符合題意。A選項(xiàng)reveal是動(dòng)詞原形，B選項(xiàng)haverevealed只表示完成，C選項(xiàng)berevealed只表示被動(dòng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“可取的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“適用的”。句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的開銷應(yīng)該占總共______開銷的五分之一。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在所擁有的開銷中，住房占五分之一，available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

HispastaffectionforJane（）anynewrelationshipimpossibleforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resented

B.rendered

C.repelled

D.resorted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。resent厭惡，憎恨；render致使，提出；repel擊退，抵制；resort求助，訴諸。句意：他過去對(duì)Jane的感情致使他無法開始一段新戀情。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。incredible“難以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根據(jù)Ifinallyconvincedhim“我最終說服了他”可知此處表達(dá)的意思是他剛開始聽到消息的時(shí)候是不相信的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞incredulous，incredible是形容事物難以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：當(dāng)他聽到那個(gè)意外的消息時(shí)是……，但是我最終還是說服了他。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Unlesswegivepartofourselvesaway,unlesswecanlivewithotherpeopleandunderstandthemandhelpthem,wearemissingthemostessentialpartofourownhumanlives.Thereareasmanyroadstotheattainmentofwisdomandgoodnessastherearepeoplewhoundertaketowalkthem.Thereareasmanysolidtruthsonwhichwecanstandastherearepeoplewhocansearchthemoutandwhowillstandonthem.Thereareasmanyideasandidealsastherearemenofgoodwillwhowillholdthemintheirmindsandactthemintheirlives.

【答案】除非我們樂于奉獻(xiàn)，除非我們能夠與人們一起生活并幫助他們，否則我們的人生就失去了最重要的意義。世間有多少行路者，通往善良與智慧的途徑就有多少。世間有多少真理，就有多少探索、堅(jiān)持真理的人。有多少信念與理想，就有多少仁人志士在生活中奉行并實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。

16.單選題

Theageofothertreesisvariouslyestimatedas（）fromtwohundredtoeighthundredyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changing

B.differing

C.varying

D.ranging

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)change“改變”，B項(xiàng)differ“使……相異/不同”，C項(xiàng)vary“變化，變異”，D項(xiàng)range表示“變動(dòng)，列為一行”，rangefrom固定用法，表示“從……到……變動(dòng)，從……到……范圍”。句意：其他樹木的年齡有不同的估計(jì)，從200年到800年不等。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thisbook,______onlyappearedayearago,hasalreadygonethroughseveraleditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。根據(jù)這個(gè)句子可知主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格部分為定語從句；因?yàn)橹髡Zbooks后面有逗號(hào)，所以這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句且先行詞為物，故排除A、D選項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)when在非限制性定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，不符合先行詞books；故只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意：這本書一年前才面市，就已經(jīng)修訂好幾次了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Theperformanceofthisreasonablypricedrecordplayeris（）inqualitytothatofsomemoreexpensivehi-fisets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparable

B.compared

C.parallel

D.alike

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparable“可比較的，同等的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹崩纾篘ohorsehasaspeedcomparabletothatofhis。（沒有一匹馬的速度能比得上他的馬。）B選項(xiàng)compared“比較的，對(duì)照的”例如：Happinessistobefelt,nottobecompared.（幸福，是用來感覺的，而不是用來比較的。）C選項(xiàng)parallel“平行的，類似的”例如：Theroadrunsparalleltotheriver.（這條路和這條河是平行的。）；D選項(xiàng)alike“相似的；相像的”例如：MysisterandIdonotlookalike.（我和我妹妹外貌不相像。）句意：這部定價(jià)合理的錄音機(jī)在性能上可與那些昂貴的高保真音響設(shè)備相比。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Thelittlegirlisignorant（）thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.with

D.against

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B正確。

20.填空題

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改為agreed

2.words改為these/thosewords

3.in改為at

4.enables改為enable

5.style改為styles

6.old改為older

7.seen改為understood

8.刪除it

9.And改為However

10.moststriking改為themoststriking

【解析】1.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，agreeing作前置定語修飾conventions，agree和conventions之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用agree的過去分詞形式agreed“一致的，同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的慣例”。

2.語法題。根據(jù)上文的astoreofwords，可知下文再次提及words，應(yīng)該添加指示代詞表特指。又因?yàn)閣ords為復(fù)數(shù)，所以選用指示代詞these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，所以inhisdisposal介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。

4.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules，為復(fù)數(shù)，所以定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

5.語法題。根據(jù)avarietyof“各種各樣的”，用來修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。這里要用名詞style的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

6.語法題。根據(jù)句意，“特別是他的詞匯量，無論是經(jīng)常使用的還是他認(rèn)識(shí)的，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，由于教育和使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，詞匯量也會(huì)增加”?？芍@里的old應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)的形式。

7.上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“除非他能夠運(yùn)用一種能夠被語言社區(qū)中的其他成員所理解的表達(dá)方式”，所以這里要表達(dá)的意思是“理解”，而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配takesth.forgranted“認(rèn)為某事是理所當(dāng)然的”。根據(jù)下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“兩種最常見的交流方式”，可知文章要表達(dá)的意思是“認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，所以這里的it為多余的代詞。

9.上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission，“我們認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“這是人類最顯著的成就之一”。可知前后兩句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。所以并列連詞誤用，應(yīng)改為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

10.語法題。文中moststriking應(yīng)該要表達(dá)的意思為“最顯著的”，為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。形容詞的最高級(jí)前面應(yīng)該加上定冠詞the，為英語的習(xí)慣用法和表達(dá)。

21.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“CulturalDifferenceandIntegration"accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

不同文化是各民族社會(huì)生活存在和發(fā)展的外在表現(xiàn)形式，其差異性表現(xiàn)有適應(yīng)于其文化個(gè)性發(fā)展的環(huán)境、條件和進(jìn)程，但是國(guó)際化的發(fā)展使得文化的融合和整合成為必然的趨勢(shì)，在這一潮流中文化的融合和民族文化的傳承和個(gè)性發(fā)揚(yáng)似乎是矛盾的存在，談?wù)勀愕目捶ê椭鲝垺?/p>

【答案】范文：

CulturalDifferenceandIntegration22.單選題

Icanvouchforhis（

）,Ihavealwaysfoundhimveracious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reputation

B.steadiness

C.truth

D.honesty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reputation“名聲；名譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)steadiness“穩(wěn)定；穩(wěn)健”；C選項(xiàng)truth“真理；事實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)honesty“誠(chéng)實(shí)；正直”。句意：我可以為他的······擔(dān)保，我總覺得他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。本題需要找的是與veracious“誠(chéng)實(shí)的；真正的”含義相近的名詞，才會(huì)有“我可為他擔(dān)?！?，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。validity“有效性；正確；正確性”；arrogant“自大的；目中無人的”;congenial“意氣相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂熱的”。句意：盡管Parker在自己所關(guān)心的問題上非常直言不諱，但是她卻____；當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?？赏茢郟arker不是一個(gè)傲慢無禮的人。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.單選題

Hisassertionangeredme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.statement

B.question

C.success

D.mistake

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張；聲稱”；A選項(xiàng)statementn.聲明；陳述；B選項(xiàng)problemn.問題；C選項(xiàng)successn.成功；D選項(xiàng)mistaken.錯(cuò)誤。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

25.單選題

AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircell-phonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.“Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents,”saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.

Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.

“Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad.”saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽竊)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.

Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand.“Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey’regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey’rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,”saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed“sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn’tdo.”

Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.

1.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating（）.

2.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents（）.

3.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto（）.

4.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythemostsignificantmeasuretofightcheating?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildevicet

B.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatest

C.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemt

D.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthorityt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyt

B.didn’thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamt

C.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenought

D.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystemt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usemanyhigh-techdevicest

B.cutoffInternetaccessoncampust

C.turntotheoralexaminationformst

D.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevicest

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingt

B.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingt

C.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationst

D.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternett

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.t

B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.t

C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.t

D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的一名學(xué)生被發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊……”。第一段指出AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.（在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)，一名學(xué)生將他的課堂筆記加載到一個(gè)手持電子郵件設(shè)備中，并試圖在考試時(shí)閱讀它們：一個(gè)同學(xué)告發(fā)了他），由此可知D項(xiàng)“在他的同學(xué)向當(dāng)局報(bào)告了他的作弊行為后”正確。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他把他的課堂筆記載入一個(gè)手持電子郵件設(shè)備時(shí)”，這是作弊的方法；B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他試圖把答案告訴他的同學(xué)時(shí)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“在學(xué)校實(shí)行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度后”，第一段提到AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestions…putinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.（在拉斯維加斯的內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)(UNLV)，學(xué)生們用手機(jī)攝像頭拍攝試題……實(shí)行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度），由此可知實(shí)行新的考試監(jiān)督制度是內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)，而不是加州大學(xué)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“據(jù)羅恩雅斯賓說，所有作弊的學(xué)生……”。第一段最后一句雅斯賓提到了Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents（如果他們花同樣多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，他們都能成為優(yōu)等生），由此可知C項(xiàng)“如果他們學(xué)習(xí)足夠努力，他們能得最高分”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們的不誠(chéng)實(shí)應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”、B項(xiàng)“考試前沒有太多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)”和D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄儾皇煜ば孪到y(tǒng)所以可以被原諒”在文中雅斯賓都沒有提到過。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了在新的考試中贏得貓和老鼠的游戲，大學(xué)管理者們必須……”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.（為了打擊考試季的作弊行為，他們切斷了筆記本電腦的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，要求考生在考試前交出手機(jī)，或者干脆要求考生用紙筆考試）可知，D項(xiàng)“停止使用高科技設(shè)備”正確；A項(xiàng)“多使用高科技設(shè)備”和C項(xiàng)“變?yōu)榭谠囆问健眱?nèi)容與原文相反；B項(xiàng)“切斷校園內(nèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，原文提到的是切斷筆記本的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，不是校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“RyanDapremont表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarisminwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.（Dapremont說，技術(shù)讓作弊變得更容易，但寫論文時(shí)的剽竊可能是最大的問題；學(xué)生們可以從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上抄襲別人的作品，而不用注明出處），由此可推斷，論文作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重，因此C項(xiàng)“寫作作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重”正確。A項(xiàng)“紙筆考試對(duì)于打擊作弊毫無用處”，文章只提及技術(shù)讓作弊更加容易，A項(xiàng)斷章取義；B項(xiàng)“由于他的字寫得很差，他的試卷評(píng)了低分”文中沒有提到他由于字寫得差而打了低分；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)他來說，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上摘抄別人的作品就更難了”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)可能是打擊作弊最重要的措施？”。文章最后一句提到Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.（他們說最重要的事情是首先要教學(xué)生不要作弊），由此可知，打擊作弊最重要的措施是給學(xué)生建立誠(chéng)實(shí)的考試原則，所以B項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)生知道誠(chéng)實(shí)更重要”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“不太重視學(xué)生將來的去向”，這不屬于措施；C項(xiàng)“很難作弊的寫作考試”和D項(xiàng)“建立更嚴(yán)格的校園榮譽(yù)守則”是具體的方法，與題干不符。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That'sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（銷蝕）ofcorporate（公司的）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-arts（文科）peoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’’saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,Mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize，“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

1.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

2.Bysaying“...buttheimpactofadegre