考研考博-英語-冀中職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-冀中職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetheorythatbusinesscouldoperatetotallywithouttheaidofgovernmenthasprovedtobea（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allusion

B.seclusion

C.illusion

D.confusion

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞辨析。allusion“暗示”；seclusion“與世隔絕”；illusion“幻想；錯覺”；confusion“混亂；困惑”。句意：認(rèn)為商業(yè)運(yùn)營能夠完全脫離政府援助的這種觀點(diǎn)是一種幻想。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfertileandproductive.

B.Itissmallandunconventional.

C.Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.

D.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.

B.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.

C.Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.

D.Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcauseshardlyanypollution.

B.Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.

C.Itsavesalotofelectricity.

D.Itneedslittlemaintenance.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

There’salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas,Californiathatseemsunusual.[9]Thenationalaveragefarmsizeisaround440acres,buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58yearsold,butheisjust26.AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothepromotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach.[9]It’sanapproachnotdictatedbytheconfinesofconventional,large-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations.

Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind,[10]Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellowyoungfarmersaremotivatedbyadesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture.Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies,somenewandsome...notsonew.Recently,[11]Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez’sothergadget:agas-poweredflameweed-killerinventedin1997.Hesimplydoesn’tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworks,itworks.

Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention,andit’snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheirloveofagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriately-sizedtools,theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetter,ormoreefficiently.

9.WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez’sfarm?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場的信息。錄音提到，全國農(nóng)場的平均面積約440英畝，但利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場只有一英畝，由此可知他的農(nóng)場規(guī)模很小。桑切斯不斷嘗試改進(jìn)一切，其實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法不為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)所束縛，由此可知他的農(nóng)場是非傳統(tǒng)的。因此B選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小，非傳統(tǒng)”為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“肥沃多產(chǎn)”和D選項(xiàng)“盈利且環(huán)保”在錄音中沒有提及。C選項(xiàng)“位置優(yōu)越，完全自動化”，錄音中提到桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，由此可知并不是完全自動化的，因此C選項(xiàng)錯誤。

10.WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么激勵利奧?桑切斯和他的伙伴們從事農(nóng)業(yè)？錄音提到，他和許多年輕的農(nóng)民伙伴都是受一種為農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)立新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的愿望所激勵，因此A選項(xiàng)“他們希望樹立新的農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們想讓農(nóng)業(yè)變得更有樂趣的強(qiáng)烈愿望”；C選項(xiàng)“他們改善農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備的愿望”以及D選項(xiàng)“他們希望振興傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)”均不正確。

11.WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問利奧?桑切斯為什么要買一個手動除草工具？錄音提到，桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，因此B選項(xiàng)“除草時能松土”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幾乎不會造成任何污染”；C選項(xiàng)“節(jié)省了大量電力”以及D選項(xiàng)“幾乎不需要維護(hù)”在錄音中均未提及。

3.單選題

Shewentintoadeep____aftertakinganoverdoseofsleepingpills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbalance

B.unbelief

C.coma

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.unbalance不平衡B.unbelief疑惑

C.coma昏迷D.uncertainty不確定性

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“服用了過量的安眠藥后”可知，空格處所填詞是服用過量安眠藥帶來的后果，C選項(xiàng)coma“昏迷”符合語義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義邏輯。

【句意】她服用了過量的安眠藥后陷入了深度昏迷之中。

4.單選題

Healthexpertsrecommendleisurelymeals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfor

B.deleted

C.gathered

D.regular

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。leisurely意為“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；payfor意為“賠償，付款，為……付出代價”；delete意為“刪除”；gather意為“聚集，集合”；regular意為“規(guī)則的，有規(guī)律的”。

句意：健康專家建議從容飲食。

5.單選題

Beforewemove,weshould（）someoftheoldfurniture,sothatwecanmoreroominthenewhouse,

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.dissipate

C.cancel

D.conceal

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們搬家之前應(yīng)該丟棄一些舊家具，以便為新家騰出更多的空間。

考查動詞辨析。discard丟棄，拋棄；dissipate驅(qū)散，消散;cancel取消；conceal隱藏。因此A符合句意。

6.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。當(dāng)不同的男性聽到“父親”這個詞時，都會有不同的反應(yīng)。有些人覺得驕倣，有些人擔(dān)憂。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:很多書籍寫到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。實(shí)際上第三段提及大量書籍寫到關(guān)于母親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,而非父親，故排除。B:不太關(guān)注。文章倒數(shù)第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人們往往不太關(guān)注在這個調(diào)節(jié)過程當(dāng)中教育父親)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:角色轉(zhuǎn)變對于男性而言更難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家認(rèn)為父親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管困難，但是不會有妻子的的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。因此C錯誤。D:角色轉(zhuǎn)變是困難，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判斷推理題。A:母親能得到社會更多的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。B:一些作者認(rèn)為，母親有創(chuàng)造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母親的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全轉(zhuǎn)變，且有高度革新的適應(yīng)性),B項(xiàng)和原文有出入。C:母親一般待在家里照顧孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我們提及越來越多的女性在外工作),故C錯誤。D:母親應(yīng)該在這個轉(zhuǎn)變過程當(dāng)中幫助父親,文章并未提及。結(jié)合全文可知,A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為母親和成為父親一樣難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家認(rèn)為，父親角色的改變雖然困難，但是不會有妻子的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。故本題選A。

5.作者意圖題。A:解釋為什么那么少的書籍寫關(guān)于父親的角色。B:贊揚(yáng)母親對于家的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。C:批評父親在養(yǎng)育孩子上沒有承擔(dān)足夠的責(zé)任。D:抱怨社會項(xiàng)目在在幫助父親角色轉(zhuǎn)變上的缺乏。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本題選D。

7.單選題

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：提供頭等艙服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；B選項(xiàng)method“方法，條理”；C選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案”；D選項(xiàng)thought“想法”。tactic意為“策略，戰(zhàn)略”，選項(xiàng)B代入最符合語境。

8.單選題

Hehasadmittedtomakingablunderbyloadinguponthisstockduringthe2008oilboom,andjustbeforethestock-marketcrash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.error

B.risk

C.fortune

D.deal

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.error錯誤，差錯B.risk危險，風(fēng)險

C.fortune機(jī)會，運(yùn)氣D.deal協(xié)議，（尤指）交易

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】blunder的意思為“愚蠢（或粗心）的錯誤”，指的是在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r間囤積了股票，這是一個錯誤，error與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】他承認(rèn)自己犯了一個錯誤，在2008年石油繁榮時期以及股市崩盤之前囤積了這支股票。

9.單選題

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：（）殖民主義者們設(shè)法消滅全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地區(qū)的。因此，A項(xiàng)aboriginal符合句意。

10.單選題

Hefeelsthatheisnotyet（）totravelabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toostrong

B.enoughstrong

C.sostrong

D.strongenough

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，不符合句意，排除A；B選項(xiàng)enough在修飾形容詞和副詞時應(yīng)該放在它們的后面，排除B；C選項(xiàng)so應(yīng)該與that連用，表示“太……以至于……”，不符合句意，排除C；D選項(xiàng)strongenough表示“足夠強(qiáng)壯”。句意：他覺得自己身體還不夠強(qiáng)壯，不能出國旅行。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itwasclearthatthegardenwasnomoreamateuraffair;ithadbeen（）professionally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laiddown

C.laidoff

D.laidaside

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)laidout表示“安排，陳列，花費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)laiddown表示“放下，主張，鋪設(shè)”；C選項(xiàng)laidoff表示“下崗，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)laidaside表示“擱置，儲存，留存”。it指代前文中的thegarden，而空缺處需填入動詞短語的過去分詞形式構(gòu)成被動，由句意可知“（按計劃）安排；布局；陳列”最合適，因此本題正確答案為A?！揪湟狻亢茱@然，這個花園不再是業(yè)余者做的事情，而是經(jīng)過專業(yè)的布局。

12.單選題

（

）isCORRECTingrammar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BritaindoesnotagreeandneitherdoDenmark,PortugalandIreland

B.BritaindoesnotagreeandeitherdoDenmark.PortugalandIreland

C.Britaindoesnotagree.SodoDenmark.PortugalandIreland

D.Britaindoesnotagree.NeitherDenmark,PortugalandIrelanddo.

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。CORRECTingrammar“語法上正確的”是BritaindoesnotagreeandneitherdoDenmark,PortugalandIreland，句意為：英國不同意，丹麥，葡萄牙和愛爾蘭也不同意。故答案選A。

13.單選題

Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo（

）fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.scary

C.scared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；scary“可怕的，恐怖的”；scared“害怕的”；scarred“傷痕累累的”。句意：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母們正在摒棄傳統(tǒng)的童話故事，因?yàn)樗鼈兲植?，不適合年幼的兒童。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

Bychartingoutthetypicalcognitivedevelopmentofchildren,SwisspsychologistJeanPiagethasheavilyinfluencedhowpsychologistsdelineatetheprogressofjuvenilepsychologicalgrowth.Beginninginthe1920sandupuntilhisdeathin1980,hestudiedtheerrorsschoolchildrenmadeonvarioustestsandrealizedthatchildrenofthesameagemadethesamekindsofreasoningerrors.Basedontheserecurringpatterns,heidentifiedstagesinachild’scognitivedevelopment,beginningfrominfancyandextendingthroughadulthood.Essentially,heproposedthattherewasacommontimetablebywhichchildreninitiallydevelopsimplecognitiveskillsandgraduallyrefinethemintomoreabstractwaysofthinking.Whilemorerecenttheoriesonthemattersuggestthatthereismoreoverlapamongthesestagesandthatdifferentenvironmentsaffectchildren'sprogress.Piauet’stheorywasnonethelessextremelyimportanttoinitialstudiesofcognitivedevelopment.

AccordingtoPiaget,thefirststagethatchildrengothroughisthesensorimotorstage,aneventfulandcomplexperiodthatPiagetfurtherdividedintosixsub-stages.Thesensorimotorstagebeginsatbirthandlastsroughlyuntilthechildistwoyearsold.Duringthistime,thechildexperiencestheworldthroughhissensesandmotorskills,andhewillinitiallydevelopandmasterthebasicreflexesofinfants,suchasgrasping,sucking,looking,andlistening.Moreover,theinfantsbegintodevelopthefundamentalsofbasiccognitivefunctions.Hedevelopsawarenessofhimselfandofsubjectsasseparateentitiesandbeginstomanipulatehisexternalenvironment,usuallybykicking,movingobjects,andchewingontoys.

Thechildalsolearnsthatcertainactionswillhavecertaineffects,andhemayperformanactiontorecreatetheseeffects.Forinstance,hemayaccidentallysuckhisthumbandfinditpleasurable,soherepeatedlysuckshisthumbtoexperiencethepleasureagain.Finally,thechildalsoshowsthebasiccapacityforunderstandingsymbols,andhedevelopsarudimentaryuseoflanguagetowardtheendofthisstage,mostnotablybyidentifyingparentswithwordslike“Mama”and“Dada”.

Inthenextstage,thepreoperationalstage(ages2-7)thechildexpandshiscapacityforsymbolicthinking,andhecanenvisiontheenvironmentandmanipulateitwithhisimagination.Imaginationthusdevelopsmorefully,asseeninthechild'stendencytorole-playotherpeople(likehisparents,firefighters,ect.),andtopretendthatobjectsareotherthings,likepretendingthatabroomisahorse.ThisStageismarkedbytwootherdistinctivecharacteristics.Thefirstisegocentrism.

WhileChild’slanguagedevelopsmorefullyforthepurposeofsocialinteraction,histhoughtprocessisstilllimitedbyindividualexperiences,andthesecognitivelimitationsexcludeanyalternativeviewpoints.Theothercharacteristicisthatthoughtoccursinanillogicalandirreversiblemanner.Achildcaneasilybelievethatthingscanmagicallyincrease,decrease,orvanish,asperceptionsoftendictatetheirreality.

Intheconcreteoperationalstage(ages7-11),thechildshowsevidenceforlogicalthoughtandbecomeslessegocentricinhisthinking.Hebeginstograspconceptssuchasmass,length,volume,time,andotherabstractmeasurements,andhebecomescapableofsolvingbasiclogicalproblemsandunderstandingreversiblelogic.Hecanperformsimplearithmeticlikeaddition,subtractionandmultiplicationandhisunderstandingofhowtheseconceptsrelatetoeachotherincreased.Inthefourthandfinalstage,theformal,operationalstage,(frompubertytoadulthood),thechildisfinallyabletothinkincompletelyabstractterms.Heisabletoperformalgebra,calculus,andothermathematicsthatutilizesymbols,formulasandlogic,andheiscapableofothercomplexcriticalandsomemayneverfullyoradequatelygrasptheseskills,evenasadults.

【答案】

而最近關(guān)于這個問題的理論表明，這些階段存在很多重疊部分，不同的環(huán)境對孩子們的成長都有影響。盡管如此，Piauet的理論對孩子們認(rèn)知能力發(fā)展的最初研究是非常重要的。

孩子也明白，某些特定的行為將會帶來特定的影響和結(jié)果，他可能會發(fā)出一種行為再創(chuàng)這些結(jié)果。比如，他可能偶然吮吸自己的大拇指，發(fā)現(xiàn)這相當(dāng)有趣，所以他會重復(fù)吮吸他的大拇指來再次體驗(yàn)這種快樂。

在下一階段，前運(yùn)算階段（2-7歲），孩子會發(fā)展他象征性思維的能力，他能夠想象一個環(huán)境，并且用自己的想象力去處理操控它。

盡管孩子的語言能力得到完全發(fā)展，能夠適應(yīng)社會交流的目的，但是他的思維能力仍然因?yàn)閭€人的經(jīng)歷而受限，并且這些認(rèn)知限制排除任何不同的觀點(diǎn)。

在具體運(yùn)算階段（7-11歲），孩子表現(xiàn)出邏輯思維能力，并且在他的思想里存在更少的利己主義思想。

15.單選題

Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,（

）leadingtoasuccessfultreatmentcouldcomesooner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adistinction

B.aninterpretation

C.abreakthrough

D.anidentification

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管要完全了解這種病的病因可能還需要幾年時間，但成功治療此病的突破性的進(jìn)展卻可能來得更快。

考查名詞辨析。Distinction榮譽(yù),差別,優(yōu)秀;interpretation解釋,闡釋;breakthrough突破,突破性進(jìn)展;identification鑒定,辨認(rèn),確認(rèn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞while可知句子前后形成對比關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)與前面句意形成對比關(guān)系。故選C。

16.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itdeemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn（沉默的）malespeakersandgossipygarrulous（饒舌的）femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmorehasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoiceswhilefemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkand

masculinetalkis（

）.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Unfeminine

B.Powerful

C.Obedient

D.Unmasculine

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferenceinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferencesliesineyeofearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished

D.Noneoftheabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句話Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage，作者認(rèn)為男性化與女性化的區(qū)分會導(dǎo)致我們做一些愚蠢的判斷，所以可知作者對這種男性化談話與女性化談話的區(qū)分是持批判態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.題干中的effeminate意思是“柔弱的；沒有男子漢氣概的”，四個選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)D符合題意。unfeminine“不溫柔的”；powerful“有力量的”；obedient“順從的”。

3.文章最后一段最后一句話butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry提到每個國家男性的音調(diào)都是不同的，因此音調(diào)并不能用來判斷性別之間的語言區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第四段Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound提到了女性的一些行為，由此可知選項(xiàng)A、B、C都屬于人們對女性的刻板印象，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule提到如果男性用高音調(diào)說話會成為人家的笑柄，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國俚語，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Mary（）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldhavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】辨析題。句意：Mary不可能收到了我的信,

否則她早就回復(fù)我了。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

MoscowseemstobemovingpastitsoldfearofanexpandedNATO.ThoughRussiadoesnotwanttojoinNATO——PutinandotherpoliticianshavemadeitclearthattheyconsiderRussiacapableofensuringitsownsecurityitisplacinganew（）onfosteringtiewithitsNATOneighbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premium

B.prelude

C.preponderance

D.preamble

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。premium“額外費(fèi)用”；prelude“前奏，序幕”；preponderance“優(yōu)勢，多數(shù)”；preamble“序文，先兆”。又根據(jù)固定搭配placeanewpremiumon“鼓勵，重視”，句意：普京和其他政客已經(jīng)明確表示，他們認(rèn)為俄羅斯有能力確保自己的安全俄羅斯注重加強(qiáng)與北約鄰國的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Thehelicopter（

）alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidedwith

B.stumbledon

C.tumbledto

D.collidedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”；stumbleon意為“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；tumbleto意為“跌到”；collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意：直升機(jī)與一架輕型飛機(jī)相撞，兩名飛行員都遇難了。

21.單選題

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore（）insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.confidential

C.comprehensible

D.consistent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管亞洲國家在社會習(xí)俗上普遍比西方國家保守，但中國和印度都有幾位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的典型例子。

考查形容詞辨析。conservative保守的；confidential機(jī)密的；獲信任的；comprehensible可理解的；consistent始終如一的，堅持的。此句后半部分表示:中國和印度都有幾位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的典型例子，而且前面用了轉(zhuǎn)折讓步連詞although，因此A符合句意。

22.單選題

Itisnot（

）muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這本書的語言不如背景讓其難以理解。

固定搭配。notsoas“不如”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“not”與“as”的對應(yīng)知這里表示一種否定的同級比較，故C項(xiàng)“so”正確。

23.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實(shí)，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會是一個好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

24.單選題

Heisholdinga（）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他如今在公司任一個（）職位，他期望能夠盡快升職。

subordinate下級的，次要的；succeeding以后的；successive連續(xù)的，接替的；subsequent后來的，隨后的。根據(jù)后半句“他期望能夠盡快升職”推測，A項(xiàng)subordinate次要的符合句意。

25.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

26.問答題

Theattacksonambition(A)comefromvariousangles:itspublicdefendersarefewandimpressive,(B)wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,(C)aqualitytobeadmiredandinculcatedintheyoung,(D)isprobablylowerthanhaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.

【答案】D；改成isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeen。Lowerthan后面的句缺少主語。

27.單選題

Wearenotsurethathewillbeableto（

）theshockofgoingbankrupt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getover

B.putthrough

C.takeup

D.dependupon

【答案】A

【解析】getover克服，恢復(fù)，熬過；putthrough接通，完成，使經(jīng)受；takeup拿起，開始從事；dependupon依賴，取決于。句意：我們不確定他能否從破產(chǎn)的打擊中恢復(fù)過來。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

28.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息,減弱”;initiate“開始,創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起”;sustain“維持,支撐,承擔(dān)”。句意:大樓倒塌了,因?yàn)榈鼗粔驁怨?承受不了大樓的重量。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

29.單選題

Butforhishelp,I（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Butfor表示“要不是”，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣。A選項(xiàng)didnotsucceed過去時；B選項(xiàng)hadnotsucceeded過去完成時；C選項(xiàng)shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不應(yīng)該成功的，但卻成功了”，表示虛擬語氣；D選項(xiàng)havenotsucceeded現(xiàn)在完成時，因此C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

30.單選題

Modernmanufacturinghas（）aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.translated

B.transformed

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)已經(jīng)將全球材料轉(zhuǎn)變成驚人的一系列新產(chǎn)品。

考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。translate翻譯，（使）轉(zhuǎn)化成……；transform把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……；transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；transport運(yùn)輸。而且空格處動詞應(yīng)與into搭配。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意跟搭配。

31.單選題

Eventoday,whenairandroadtravelhasmadeAfricasoreadilyaccessibletoEuropeansandAmericans,thereareinnumerableaspectsofAfricanlifewhichtendtotakeonebysurprise.Theunfamiliarlieshiddeneverywhere,andthepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity.Basically,theessenceofourreac?tiontothestrange,theunfamiliar,isasenseoffear.Everycountrycontainslandscapesthatarouseunease—whetheritbesomeremoteAlpinevalley,thewildlavenderfieldsofUpperProvince,oralonelyNorwegianfjordattwilight.ButinmyownexperienceWestAfricacontainsmoreweirdandeerieregions—rain-forest,mangroveswamp,parchedplainsofredearth—thananyotherplacethatIhaveseen.Itisnotonlyintheforeignerthattheselandscapesevokefear.AlargepartofalloldAfricanreligionsisdevotedtosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspiritswhichliveinaparticulartreeoraparticularrock,athousandvarietiesofghostsandwitches,theever-presentspiritsofdeadancestorsorrelatives.IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagoswhowascon?vincedthatthewitchesoftheeastwereouttogethim,orthathewasabouttobekidnappedandeaten.DuringfourandahalfhoursinacanoealongthecreeksoftheNigerdella,glidingoverthestillandcolorlesswaterbeneath