考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ashighas高達(dá)B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“美國的汽車價(jià)格______20800美元”可知，空格處填入“高達(dá)”符合句意，且as…as…為固定搭配，表示“和……一樣”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)沒有這個(gè)用法；

D項(xiàng)后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美國，汽車的價(jià)格可高達(dá)20800美元。

2.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonWhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.SomepeoplemaintainthatLi’ssuccesshasentirelyreliedonherownhardwork;

2.Othersholdtheviewthatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

Asisknowntoall,LiNaisthemostincredibletennisplayerinChina.Uptonow,shehasgotfoursingletitlesandtwodoubletitlesofWTA,andwhat’smore,sheisthefirstChineseplayerwhohasgotthesingletitleduringtheWTAtour.Besides,sheisthefirsttop-tenplayerinChinawhohasgotNo.7sofar.

WhenitcomestoLiNa’sathleticachievements,peoplecannothelpaskingsuchaquestion:WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

AccordingtoarecentinvestigationconductedbyasportingorganizationinChina,43.6percentofrespondentsholdtheviewthatLiNa,ssuccessreliescompletelyonherownhardwork.Whenshewasonlysixyearsold,shebegantopractiseplayingtennis.Duetoherarduoustrainingonthesportsground,shebecameaprofessionalplayer.Asshewasnotusedtothetrainingstyleinthestate-runsportssystem,shebrokeawayfromthestate-runsportssystemandbegantoflyalone.

However,56.4percentofrespondentsarguethatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone.Herfellowplayershadtheirstricttrainingwithherandbecameherrivals.IfithadnotbeenforLiNa’spastexperienceinthestate-runsportssystem,shecouldnothavebeenasuccessfulplayerandshecouldnothaveflownalonelateron.

Inmyopinion,LiNa’shardworkandherflyingalonearethetwoindispensableelementsofhersuccess.Bothelementsarecomplementary.It’shardtoimagineherflyingalonewithouthardworkwithinthestate-runsportssystemorherhardworkwithinthissystemwithoutflyingalone.

3.單選題

Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessment

B.assignment

C.exception

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)估計(jì)，超過三分之一的人口無法獲得公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

考查固定搭配。Haveaccessto有權(quán)使用，有機(jī)會使用。

4.單選題

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarcstrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents（

）.

3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B.Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven

C.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D.Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors

B.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior

D.usuallyhadmorefriends

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.disruptpeoplednaturalrelations

B.makethemworryaboutcrime

C.causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebetteritsqualityoflife

B.themoresimilaritsinterests

C.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers

B.Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C.Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodemlife.

D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘下列哪個(gè)陳述最能描述第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來非常“明顯的”事實(shí)。下一句用However一詞表示內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。表示近年來的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來非常‘明顯的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。”在這之后便就近年來的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行說明。所以A選項(xiàng)‘提出了兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)。’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，城市居民…曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)普遍的信念’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第一句“modemsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.現(xiàn)代社會改變了人們的自然關(guān)系，放松了人們對親屬和鄰居的責(zé)任，取代了他們與泛泛之交的膚淺關(guān)系?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘不能發(fā)展長期的關(guān)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘城市生活的后果之一就是鄰里之間缺乏人情味的關(guān)系…’。根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句“Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.如果鄰居彼此都是陌生人，他們就不太可能去掃住在隔壁的老夫婦的人行道，也不太可能留意年輕的搗亂分子?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘讓他們不關(guān)心彼此’正確

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，一個(gè)社區(qū)越大…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第五句“Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.大城市的都市人也比小城鎮(zhèn)的都市人更有可能擁有國際化的視野，對傳統(tǒng)的親屬角色表現(xiàn)出較少的責(zé)任感，投票給左派政治候選人，并對非傳統(tǒng)宗教團(tuán)體、不受歡迎的政治團(tuán)體和所謂的不受歡迎的人持寬容態(tài)度?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘越寬容，越豁達(dá)’正確

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要講的是什么?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來非?！懊黠@的”事實(shí)。后面馬上轉(zhuǎn)折表示近年來的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。之后對比了大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)中的人際關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)在于指出大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)居民人際關(guān)系的相同之處。并且第二段第二句明確表示“Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.事實(shí)上，有意義的人際關(guān)系的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量并沒有因城市人口的增多而有所不同?！訟選項(xiàng)‘城市居民和小城鎮(zhèn)居民之間人際關(guān)系的相似性’正確。

5.單選題

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦朧地；indefinitely無限地,不明確地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently獨(dú)立地。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入與inseparable相反的詞,選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

6.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑”C選項(xiàng)verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論，論戰(zhàn)”。句意：在幾次核事故后，（）在關(guān)于核能源安全問題上的（）開始激烈。這里根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rage，固而答案選D。quarrel是指人與人之間相互產(chǎn)生了不愉快的事情產(chǎn)生的爭論、吵架，所以不能選。

7.單選題

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

ThestoryofAdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLost

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliterature

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anevilperson

B.arebellioushero

C.selfishandcrueldevil

D.astupiddevil

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatan

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishruler

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.1.這篇文章很可能摘自______。

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLostA.彌爾頓的《失樂園》的書評

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLostB.彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishrulerC.對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliteratureD.英國文學(xué)概論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文僅用只言片語簡單介紹了《失樂園》的內(nèi)容，更多的是講述彌爾頓的寫作目的以及反映出來的思想感情。由此可以推測，這篇文章很有可能節(jié)選自彌爾頓《失樂園》的書評，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這篇文章對《失樂園》內(nèi)容的描述很少，所以不可能是序言，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪”，文中沒有描述殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“英國文學(xué)概論”包含范圍太廣，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas______.2.在詩中，撒旦被描述為______。

A.anevilpersonA.一個(gè)邪惡的人

B.arebelliousheroB.一個(gè)具有反抗精神的英雄

C.selfishandcrueldevilC.自私殘忍的魔鬼

D.astupiddevilD.一個(gè)愚蠢的魔鬼

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“撒旦是迄今為止這首詩中最引人注目的人物，他奮起反抗上帝，雖然被打敗了，但仍然堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)斗”，上文提到上帝不過是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，所以可以推斷撒旦是一個(gè)具有反抗精神的英雄，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)邪惡的人”、C項(xiàng)“自私殘忍的魔鬼”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)愚蠢的魔鬼”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?3.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能從這篇文章中推斷出來？

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.A.上帝是這個(gè)王國的獨(dú)裁者。

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.B.撒旦和他的追隨者充當(dāng)國會議員。

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.C.天使被描繪成國王的追隨者。

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.D.亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“撒旦和他的追隨者們，在議會中自由地討論所有問題，讓我們想起共和議會”可知，這里只是一個(gè)比喻的用法，將撒旦和他的追隨者們比喻成國會議員，但他們在這首詩中并不是真正的國會議員，所以選項(xiàng)B不符合原文，但符合題意。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“上帝是這個(gè)王國的獨(dú)裁者”，根據(jù)文章第二段可知，上帝是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“天使被描繪成國王的追隨者”，根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“上帝不過是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，坐在寶座上，周圍有一群天使唱歌贊美他”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人”，根據(jù)第三段前幾句“亞當(dāng)和夏娃的故事表明彌爾頓相信人的力量。上帝不給他們追求知識的機(jī)會。正是這種對知識的渴望為人類開辟了一條通往智慧和積極生活的寬闊道路?！笨芍?，像亞當(dāng)和夏娃一樣的人類，應(yīng)該有追求知識的機(jī)會，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章，《失樂園》的主要目的是為了______。

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworldA.贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatanB.改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠?/p>

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatanC.表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishrulerD.批評英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“用彌爾頓的話來說，寫史詩的目的是‘證明上帝對人類的方式是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?，但顯然，彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘酷的強(qiáng)烈仇恨”，從中可知，彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘忍行為的強(qiáng)烈憎恨。所以可以推斷，《失樂園》的主要目的是批判英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷無情。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界”，原文中描述的是一個(gè)殘暴自私的上帝，所以該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠蟆焙虲項(xiàng)“表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持”在文章中雖然有依據(jù)，但是并不是文章的主要目的，屬于本末倒置。

8.單選題

Somewomen______agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustmake

B.shouldhavemade

C.wouldmake

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：有些婦女本可以在工作中獲得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她們?yōu)榱思彝ザ鴽Q定不工作。mustdo“必須做某事”；shouldhavedone“過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做”；woulddo“過去將會做某事”；couldhavedone“過去本能夠做某事卻未做”。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是過去本可以工作卻沒有去工作，D選項(xiàng)couldhavemade符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Mostof

whatBillsaidwas（）;onlyone

ortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeing

discussed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reliable

B.relative

C.related

D.relating

【答案】B

【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相較的；related指相關(guān)的；relating是動詞relate的分詞形式。句意：比爾講的大多都很切題,只有一兩點(diǎn)與主題關(guān)系不是很緊密。選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Wefrequentlyhearthatdrinkingasmallamountofcoffeecan

behealthy,Thisalwayscomesbacktotheevidencewheresome

1.______

coffee-drinkingisacommonbehavioramonglong-lived,healthy

peopleacrosspopulations.Newsstoriestendtointerpretthis

evidenceoptimistically,reportedthatcoffeemaybegoodforyou.

2.______

Inreality,itmightjustbeaninterestingcorrelation.Randomized,

controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct,asthe

3.______

effectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears,ifnot

4.______

alifetime,torevealthemselves.

Thosewhoclaimthatcoffeeishealthfultendtopointtothose

5.______

highlevelofantioxidants.Butantioxidantsupplementshavenot

beenprovedtocorrelatewithhealthandlongevity.Antioxidants

representavastspectrumofsubstances.VitaminEisan

6.______

antioxidant,andtakingVitamin-Esupplementshasbeenshownto

increasemen’sriskofprostatecancer.

Ifcoffeedoeshaveanaffectonlongevity,itislikelyaresult

7.______

ofsomethingmoreglobalthanthepotentialeffectofantioxidants

—suchthefactthatconstantexposuretocaffeine,evenatlow

8.______

levels,suppressesappetite(inaworldwheremostpeopleeatmore

thanisideal).Orthatitencouragessocialinteraction-itinclines

ustogooutanddothingswithpeople-whichitselfisgenerally

beneficialwithhealth.Thesearelegitimatelypositiveresults.But

9.______

aswithallchemicals,thecomprehensiveeffectofcaffeineonour

healthdependsonhow,andhowmany,weuseit.

10.______

【答案】1.where→that

2.reported→reporting

3.extreme→extremely

4.takes→take

5.to→out

6.vast→broad

7.affect→effect

8.∧the→as

9.with→to

10.many→much

【解析】1.考查同位語從句。evidence后面的從句是用來補(bǔ)充說明evidence，所以應(yīng)該是一個(gè)同位語從句；而where是用來修飾地點(diǎn)的定語從句，故將where改為that。

2.考查非謂語動詞。report的邏輯主語是newstories，它們之間是主動的關(guān)系，所以report應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示伴隨。

3.考查副詞使用。根據(jù)句子“controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct”可知，extreme和difficult都是形容詞，形容詞無法修飾另外一個(gè)形容詞，故應(yīng)將extreme改為extremely。

4.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)句子“astheeffectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears”可知，take的主語是theeffectsofdietarychanges，是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此take應(yīng)該和主語保持一致，故把takes改為take。

5.考查詞組。pointto多用來表示指向離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物，意為“指向”，to是介詞，著重于指的方向；而后面的thosehighlevelofantioxidants表示“高度抗氧化劑”，這個(gè)句子的意思是“那些聲稱咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化劑”，所以把pointto改為pointout合適。

6.考查形容詞使用。vast表示“廣闊的，巨大的”；avastspectrumof表示“廣泛的光譜”這與句子意思不符合；應(yīng)該將vast改為broad，abroadspectrumof固定搭配，表示“廣泛的”。

7.考查動詞詞性辨析。根據(jù)句子可知affect在句中是作名詞，而affect是動詞，表示“影響”；如果要用名詞應(yīng)該改為effect“影響”；haveaneffecton表示“對……有影響”。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子可知破折號后面是舉例，而suchas為固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”；所以應(yīng)該在such后面加入as。

9.考查固定搭配。Bebeneficialto固定搭配，表示“對……有益”，所以應(yīng)該把with改為to。

10.考查副詞用法。本句中的howmany是修飾it，即前面的caffeine“咖啡因”，這是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能用many來修飾，故應(yīng)該將many改為much。

11.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這個(gè)“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了。”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個(gè)鏡像?！环萦煞▏芯咳藛T撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說的報(bào)告稱?！辩R像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們在泥土里玩耍沒有什么錯(cuò)，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項(xiàng)C“父母不必?fù)?dān)心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

12.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】句意:對不同種族的人表現(xiàn)出歧視是一種冒犯。

考查名詞辨析。distinction區(qū)別，特性;difference差異，不同;separation分離，距離;discrimination歧視，區(qū)別，辨別。故D符合句意。

13.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtoconsumers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?

3.InParagraph1,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”means.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

B.theconsumer-centeredapproach

C.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

D.thequickmovementofgoods

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theneedsofthemarket

B.Thepreferencesofthedealer

C.Theefficiencyoftheproduction

D.Thesatisfactionoftheuser

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toredesignthesegoodforlarge-scaleproduction

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

D.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

問題4選項(xiàng)