考研考博-英語-南京郵電大學(xué)通達(dá)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京郵電大學(xué)通達(dá)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthe（）chapters,theprofessorhastracedtheredefinitionofBritain'sglobalpositioninrecentdecades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.abiding

C.preceding

D.wielding

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsolete廢棄的，老舊的；abiding永久的，持久的，不變的；preceding在前的，前述的；wielding運(yùn)用。句意：在前幾章中，這位教授追溯了近幾十年來英國(guó)全球地位的重新定義。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime.Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite.

TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme.Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople.Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology.

Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople.Inotherwords,themythologychangestoexplainandrecordactualhistoricalevents.

However,historyhasnotbeentheonlyelementatworkinchangingandmythologizingIndianreligion.Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass.

1.Indianmythology（）.

2.Ancientbeliefsandmyths（）.

3.Indianreligionis（）.

4.Thecastesystemis（）.

5.ThenumberofgodsinIndianmythologyis（）.

6.Historicalcircumstanceslikedynasticchangesandinvasionsare（）.

7.Historically,Brahminshavebeen（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isafairlyrecentdevelopment

B.diedoutlongagointhebeliefsofthepeople

C.heldswayforcenturiesbutnowdoesnotaffectthepeople

D.stillfiguresinthelivesandbeliefsofmostIndians

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenremolded,tofitnewhistoricalevents

B.arediscardedwhennolonger-immediatelyrelevant

C.weremadeupbythepriests

D.wereforbiddenbythepriests

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pantheistic

B.polytheistic

C.monotheistic

D.atheistic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.encouragedbythepriests

B.encouragedbythegovernment

C.immoralaccordingtoIndianmythology

D.illegal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.constantlyincreasing

B.slowlydecreasing

C.constant

D.rapidlydecreasing

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.reflectedinthemythology

B.totallyseparatefromthemythology

C.foretoldinIndianmythology

D.criticizedinthemythology

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.warriors

B.rulers

C.oflittleinfluencewiththemasses

D.akindoflinkbetweentherulersandthemasses

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：是最近才發(fā)展起來的；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B：很久以前就在人們的信仰中消失了；C：統(tǒng)治了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，但現(xiàn)在不影響人們；D：在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在。第一段最后一句指出：Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite（與大多數(shù)國(guó)家，特別是西方國(guó)家的神話不同，印度神話仍然是從文盲大眾到受過教育的精英階層的社會(huì)各階層人民生活文化的一部分）。由此可知，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不正確，D項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在”正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：經(jīng)常被重塑，以適應(yīng)新的歷史事件；題干問的是“古代信仰和神話……”，由此可定位至第二段開頭：TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme（印度人總是傾向于保留早期的信仰，并將其塑造為反映新的社會(huì)條件或?qū)⑦@些早期的信仰融入新的哲學(xué)體系），由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。B：當(dāng)不再是直接相關(guān)時(shí)被丟棄；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此，印度古代信仰和神話并未被丟棄過，B項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。C：都是祭司編出來的；D：被祭司禁止。文章對(duì)于祭祀的描述僅存在于最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth（另一個(gè)不太公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話將他們的原始神靈編織進(jìn)婆羅門更復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們?cè)诖蟊娭械臋?quán)力和影響力）。由此可知，古代信仰和神話是祭司或婆羅門編造出來的，也并非被祭司禁止，C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題選A。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：泛神論的；B：多神論的；C：一神論的；D：無神論的。第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加，盡管幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，牧師和哲學(xué)家試圖將泛神論或一神論強(qiáng)加給人們）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：種姓制度受到祭司的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：種姓制度受到政府的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；C：在印度神話中不道德的，原文只是說“在印度神話中被合法化”，因此此項(xiàng)不符合原文所述；D：非法，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thecastesystem可定位至第二段最后一句：Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology（牧師職位的另一個(gè)失敗之處是消除了種姓制度。種姓制度被視為非法，但在印度神話中被合法化），因此D項(xiàng)“非法”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：不斷地增加；B：慢慢減少；C：不變的，恒定的；D：速降。第二段指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加），由此可知，印度神話中神的數(shù)量“不斷增加”，故選A項(xiàng)。

6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在神話中被反映；B：完全脫離神話；C：在印度神話中被預(yù)言；D：在神話中被批判。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞如Historicalcircumstances，dynastic等可定位至文章第三段：Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople（印度神話是栩栩如生的神話，隨著歷史環(huán)境而逐漸發(fā)展，如王朝的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，以及印度人民所經(jīng)歷的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩），因此，A項(xiàng)“由神話反映”正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題，各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：勇士，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：統(tǒng)治者；C：對(duì)群眾的影響不大；D：一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Brahmins可定位至最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass（另一個(gè)不太被公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話的方式，將他們?cè)嫉纳窬幦肫帕_門更為復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們對(duì)大眾的權(quán)力和影響。通過這種方式，不是政治統(tǒng)治者的婆羅門保持和鞏固了對(duì)群眾的權(quán)力，從而確保了自己在皇帝階級(jí)中的地位和威望），由此可推斷出，婆羅門歷來是“一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶”，并且不是“統(tǒng)治者”，對(duì)群眾有一定的影響力，因此B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thesheepwerehuddledintoa（）toprotectthemfromovernightfrosts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hutch

B.pen

C.cage

D.kennel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。hutch“籠子”；pen“圍欄”；cage“籠子”；kennel“動(dòng)物住的屋舍”。句意：羊蜷縮在羊圈里來保護(hù)自己從而不受夜晚嚴(yán)寒的侵襲。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此時(shí)；值此之際”。句意：在此時(shí)難以預(yù)測(cè)這家公司的未來。A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,Iunderstandthelectures,butIgetmixedupwhenItrytoreadthebook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hedoesn’treallyunderstandthelectures.

B.Thebookisconfusing.

C.Thelectureisnotveryclear.

D.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)男士的話“講課的內(nèi)容我都理解了，但讀書的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)又混亂了”可知B選項(xiàng)‘這本書令人困惑?！_。

6.單選題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.

2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.

3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechanges

C.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustries

C.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustries

D.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computersandtheknowledgesociety

B.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSociety

C.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEra

D.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第六句TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.（如今，美國(guó)、歐洲和日本的大部分工作（其中許多國(guó)家三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)行業(yè)，而且這一數(shù)字還在上升。），可知服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)業(yè)越來越依賴女性勞動(dòng)力”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，越來越多女性參加工作，但不等于服務(wù)業(yè)越來越依賴女性。B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)”和C選項(xiàng)“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在工廠工作越來越難以謀生”：根據(jù)第一段第五句，制造產(chǎn)品的人比例急劇下降，沒有提到制造業(yè)薪水問題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第十句italsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself（它也形成一個(gè)基本的新的思考工作本身的性質(zhì)的方式。）和最后一句Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers…allthesearebeingchallenged（長(zhǎng)期以來人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的觀念……所有這些都受到了挑戰(zhàn)），可見人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的思考方式完全轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種新的，故B選項(xiàng)“人們關(guān)于工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念不再成立”正確。A選項(xiàng)“雇員和雇主之間的差異已經(jīng)變得微不足道”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，雇員和雇主之間的關(guān)系受到挑戰(zhàn)，沒有提到差異微不足道。C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，兼職工作更多，不等于大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作。D選項(xiàng)“人們不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)Q工作”：文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.綜合歸納題。第二段第一句Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead（我們只要回顧過去，就能對(duì)未來有所了解）和最后一句Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob（這將是你工作的方式），可知作者通過舉計(jì)算機(jī)和其他發(fā)明的例子讓讀者知道未來技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向和對(duì)工作的影響，旨在表達(dá)要對(duì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，故A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該能夠?qū)夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步做出迅速反應(yīng)”正確。其余選項(xiàng)雖然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.綜合歸納題。在第二段中，作者提到Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead…lookingahead20years…castyourmindahead10years（我們只要回顧過去，就能對(duì)未來有所了解……展望未來20年……以10年后的角度思考），可見作者反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在就要把目光放在未來，故D選項(xiàng)“思考未來，而非看向過去”正確。A選項(xiàng)“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：運(yùn)用信息解決問題的能力是一方面，不是核心。B選項(xiàng)“充分發(fā)揮大腦潛能的人都從事服務(wù)業(yè)”和C選項(xiàng)“投身服務(wù)業(yè)”：服務(wù)業(yè)在近年來發(fā)展迅速，但文章沒有重點(diǎn)講在未來如何。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Aneweraisuponus（一個(gè)新的時(shí)代正向我們走來）和后文強(qiáng)調(diào)隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展人們社會(huì)生活的變化，可知本文主要講新時(shí)代的特征和意義，故C選項(xiàng)“新時(shí)代的特征和意義”正確。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)與知識(shí)社會(huì)”，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的服務(wù)業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”都不能完整概括文章主旨。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Muchoftheworld’selectronicwasteisbeingshippedtoChinaforrecyclingandthecottageindustrythathassprunguptheretorecoverusablematerialsfromcomputers,cellphones,televisionsandothergoodsmaybecreatingsignificanthealthandenvironmentalhazards.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveidentifiednumeroustoxicelementsintheemissionsfromane-wasterecyclingworkshopinsouthernChina,whichuseslow-techmethodstoseparatereusableelectroniccomponentsfromthecircuitboards.Itisnotanisolatedcase,thescientistspointout:suchmethodsareusedalloverChina.

ResultsoftheirstudyhavebeenpublishedintheJournalAtmosphericEnvironment.

“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity,”saidBerndR.T.Simoneit,aretiredprofessoratOregonStateUniverseandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination.Forexample,previousstudieshavefoundcarcinogens（致癌物）inwind-carrieddustfromAsia.”

Simoneitisawidelypublishedscientistwhohasbeeninvolvedinnumerousstudiesidentifyingchemical“signatures”foremissions,includingcoalsmoke,biomassburning,petroleum-basedfuelsandeventheburningofmunicipalrefuse.Byusingmassspectrometers（質(zhì)譜儀）andothersophisticatedinstrumentation,theresearcherscanpinpointthecontributionsofspecificemissionstotheatmosphere.

TheirworkinChinawasconductedinShantouCity,atownof150,000peoplelocatedinsouthernChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theycollectedsamplesduringfourworkingdays,whenworkerswereremovingtheelectroniccomponentsbyheatingthecircuitboardsovergrillsonstovesburningcoalbriquettes（煤塊）.

Theworkshophad24stovesalongthreewalls,andanestimatedfivetonsofcircuitboardsstackedalongthefourthwallforprocessing.Workerswouldusethegrillstomeltthesolder,andthenremovereusableportionsofthecircuitry.

TheresearchteamincludedfiveChinesescientistsandSimoneit,whohasdualappointmentsinOSU’sCollegeofOceanicandAtmosphericSciencesandtheDepartmentofChemistry.Theresearchersfoundthatthroughthis“roastingprocess”,numerousorganicchemicals,heavymetals,flameretardantandpersistentorganicpollutantswereemittedintotheairviathesmoke.Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards“isunmistakable.”

“Thenextstepistoseetowhatextentthisisharmingtheenvironmentandcreatingahealthhazardforboththeworkers,andpeoplelivinginthepathoftheemissions—eitherthroughinhalation,orexposuretotheskin,”Simoneitsaid.“Someofthesechemicalcompoundsmaybecarcinogens;othersmaybejustasharmfulbecametheycanactas‘environmentaldisruptors’,andmayaffectbodyprocessesfromreproductiontoendocrine（內(nèi)分泌的，激素的）function.”

TheChineseauthorsofthestudyareaffiliatedwiththeChineseAcademyofSciencesandincludeleadauthorXinliuiBi,withZhenZhenWang,XinmingWang,GuoyingShengandJiamoFu.

SimoneitalsoisworkingwithscientistsinIndiatoidentifychemicalsignaturesfromtheburningofwireandothermaterials,whichisdonetorecyclecopperandotherminerals.AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop“greenchemistry”methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

2.Thethirdparagraphindicates（）.

3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph7isclosestto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthelastsentence（）.

5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chinarecyclesthelargestamountofthee-wasteintheworld

B.notonlyAsiabutalsootherplacesintheworldareinfluencedbythedevelopmentofsuchindustryinanegativeway

C.theburningofthee-wasteisbadforpeople’shealth

D.theburningofthee-wasteisbadfortheenvironment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatsuchworkshopscanonlydogreatharmtothelocalpeople

B.thatsuchworkshopscandogreatharmtoboththelocalpeopleandpeopleinotherplaces

C.thatsuchworkshopscanimmediatelyinfluencepeople’slives

D.thatpeopleinAsiacanbeinfectedwithcancer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plain

B.likely

C.undoubted

D.surely

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatscientistshavebeenworkingveryhardtosolvetheprobleminSaudiArabia

B.thatthescientisthelpstheproductionofmethaneinSaudiArabia

C.thattheprobleminSaudiArabiaisdifferentfromthatoftheothercountries

D.thattheseeminglyuselesswastecanbeturnedintousefulenergy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheworkshopinShantoucityispoorlyequippedforrecyclingthee-waste.

B.The“roastingprocess”mayproducealargeamountofharmfulpollutants.

C.Chinahasbeensounderdevelopedthatpeopleusesolow-techmethodstodealwithe-wastes.

D.Peoplemaygetharmedeitherbybreathingthepollutedairorbyexposingtheirskintoit.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由本題題干可定位到第三段，由教授和研究者的話“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最緊迫的問題是工人和城市居民的健康，但這也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不僅僅是亞洲，全球很多地區(qū)都受到了負(fù)面影響。A選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)是世界上回收電子垃圾最多的國(guó)家”在文中沒有依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“燃燒電子垃圾對(duì)人們的健康有害”、D選項(xiàng)“燃燒電子垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境有害”說法是正確的，但不是文章的大意，不能概括燃燒電子垃圾的全部負(fù)面影響。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由本題題干可定位到第三段“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity”，“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination”（最緊迫的問題是工人和城市居民的健康，但這也可能是造成全球污染的原因之一）可知不僅僅是對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裼杏绊?，甚至?duì)全球其他地方也造成了不好的影響，所以這種產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾推渌胤降娜硕加泻艽蟮奈：?。A選項(xiàng)“這種產(chǎn)業(yè)只會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裨斐蓸O大的傷害”說法錯(cuò)誤，還對(duì)全球其他地方的人也造成了傷害；C選項(xiàng)“這種產(chǎn)業(yè)可以立即影響人們的生活”說法錯(cuò)誤，“立即”過于絕對(duì)；D選項(xiàng)“亞洲人可能會(huì)感染癌癥”與第三段的內(nèi)容無關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“unmistakable”定位到第七段最后一句話“Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards‘isunmistakable’”（這種烘烤或烘烤電路板的過程所產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)特征是不會(huì)弄錯(cuò)的）可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞表示的是肯定的意思。unmistakable“明顯的；不會(huì)弄錯(cuò)的”；A選項(xiàng)plain“簡(jiǎn)單的；樸素的”；B選項(xiàng)likely“很可能的；合適的；有希望的”，代表可能性，但不十分確定；C選項(xiàng)undoubted“無疑的；確信的”；D選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍睘楦痹~，劃線處為形容詞，所以排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位本文最后一句話“AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop‘greenchemistry’methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane”（他還在沙特阿拉伯從事另一個(gè)問題的研究——開發(fā)“綠色化學(xué)”方法，回收該國(guó)大量城市垃圾產(chǎn)生甲烷）可知，另一個(gè)問題即表示沙特阿拉伯的問題是與其他地區(qū)的問題不同的；A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們一直在努力解決沙特阿拉伯的這個(gè)問題”，科學(xué)家在從事研究，但沒有提到一直致力于解決沙特阿拉伯的問題；B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家?guī)椭程匕⒗a(chǎn)甲烷”說法錯(cuò)誤，是幫助回收，而不是生產(chǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“看似無用的廢物可以轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的能源”在原文沒有依據(jù)，只是在研究，還沒有成功。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“汕頭市的這家工廠設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋，無法回收電子垃圾”，由本文第五、六段可知，在汕頭的處理工作極其耗時(shí)和繁雜；B選項(xiàng)“‘焙燒過程’可能產(chǎn)生大量有害污染物”、D選項(xiàng)“人們可能會(huì)因?yàn)楹粑廴镜目諝饣虮┞对谖廴镜目諝庵卸艿絺Α本f法正確。C選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)一直是如此不發(fā)達(dá)，以至于人們使用如此低技術(shù)含量的方法來處理電子垃圾”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到了汕頭，而且“一直”這個(gè)說法過于絕對(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章講述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段第一句話提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段講述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看見Tomitzer在騎自行車，很高興地喊他，但是他在回頭的時(shí)候，被汽車撞死了。見到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.說明小男孩內(nèi)心很害怕。這一段主要講述了小男孩由偷牛油果的興奮到間接害死朋友的恐懼心理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:根據(jù)上題，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常開心的，但是當(dāng)Tomitzer因?yàn)樗懒说臅r(shí)候他感覺很害怕。這個(gè)短語用來描述死亡與玩耍的對(duì)比，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。選項(xiàng)A，B，C結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.翻譯題

AsanecologicalapproachtoTranslationStudies,Eco-translatologyviewstranslationasanentiretranslationaleco-system,andfocusesontherelationshipbetweenthetranslatorandthistranslationaleco-environment.Atranslationaleco-environmentisconstruedasahighlyintegratedentitythatcomprisestheactualtext,theculturalcontextandthehumanagents,aswellasothertangibleandintangibleingredients.InEco-translatology,translationactivitiesaredescribedandinterpretedintermsofsuchecologicalprinciplesasholism,relevance,dynamics,balanceandharmony,togetherwithecologicalaesthetics.SomeelementsofclassicalChineseorOrientalphilosophiesandculturalquintessenceareprojectedinthisnascentapproach.

【答案】作為翻譯學(xué)研究的一種生態(tài)方法，生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)把翻譯看成是一個(gè)完整的翻譯生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，非常注重譯者與翻譯生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系。翻譯生態(tài)環(huán)境被看作是一個(gè)有實(shí)際文本、文化語境和人類構(gòu)成的高度集成的實(shí)體，并且其中還包含其他一些有形和無形的成分。在生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)中，翻譯活動(dòng)就是根據(jù)這些生態(tài)原則來描述和闡釋的，比如整體論、相關(guān)性、動(dòng)態(tài)論、平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性，還有生態(tài)美學(xué)等。一些中國(guó)古典文學(xué)、東方哲學(xué)乃至文化精髓的因素都可以在這種新的方法中折射出來。

11.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.填空題

A:Areyougoingtotellyourbosstodaythatyou'requittingyour（1）?

B:Ican’tmakeupmymind（2）totellhimtodayornot.

A:I’dtellhimtodayifI（3）you.Whydelay?

B:ButwhatifI（4）mymind?

A:I（5）thatyou’dmadeafirmdecision.

B:Well,yesterdayIhadaconversationwithsomeonewho（6）

toworkforthecompanythatwantstohireme.（7）

tohim,there’sa

lotofdissatisfactionamongtheemployees.

A:Didhesaywhatthe（8）ofthedissatisfactionwas?

B:Hementionedanumberofthings.I’llstaywithmycurrentfirmifthealternativeisacompanywithmajormanagementproblems.They’reofferingmeahigher，butistheadditionalpayenoughtomakeupforabunchofnew（9）headaches?

A:Itsoundstomeasifyou'd（10）talktosome（11）currentorpastemployeesbeforeyouacceptthenewfirm’s

offer.

大意:

A.你會(huì)今天告訴老板，你要離職的事嗎？

B.我不確定是否今天告訴他。

A.如果我是你，我會(huì)今天告訴他。為什么推遲呢？

B.但是，要是我改變主意了呢？

A.我覺得你己經(jīng)決定了。

B.昨天，我和一個(gè)之前在想雇我的那個(gè)公司中工作過的人談話。據(jù)他所說，員工間有很多不滿。

A.他有說不滿的原因是什么嗎？

B.他說了很多事。如果這個(gè)公司主要是管理問題的話，我會(huì)呆在現(xiàn)在的公司。他們會(huì)給我提供更高的薪水，但是，這額外的工資足以彌補(bǔ)一連串新的麻煩嗎？

A.這聽起來，在接受新工作之前，好像，你最好和現(xiàn)在或者之前的雇員多談?wù)劇?/p>

【答案】1.job

2.whether

3.were

4.change

5.thought

6.used

7.According

8.cause

9.salary

10.better

11.more

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)此處填job。Quitone’sjob辭職。

2.固定搭配。Whetherornot是否。

3.語法題。考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)If以及主句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)“would/shouldtell”可知,此處是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。而且,根據(jù)today判斷,這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,故填

4.詞匯題。句意:但是，要是我改變主意了呢？

5.詞匯題。句意:我覺得你已經(jīng)做好了決定。再根據(jù)后面的you’dmade判斷此處為think的過去式thought。

6.詞匯題。此處為定語從句修飾someone。此處的someone指在這個(gè)公司工作或曾經(jīng)工作過的人,所以此處填used，與后面的to搭配表示“曾經(jīng)”。

7.固定搭配。Accordingto根據(jù)…。

8.詞匯題。句意:他有說不滿的原因是什么嗎？

9.詞匯題。根據(jù)語境推測(cè)此處填salary(工資,薪水)。

10.固定搭配。You’dbetter你最好是…。

11.詞匯題。A希望B能在接受新公司邀請(qǐng)之前和目前或之前的員工談?wù)?。此句已?jīng)完整,因此應(yīng)填入程度副詞，故填more，即多了解情況。

13.單選題

SevenWaystoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbon