閱讀理解技巧點撥間接信息題講義-高三英語二輪復習

高考英語一輪復習備考：閱讀理解技巧點撥（間接信息題）理解文中具體信息——簡接信息題間接信息題要求考生對原文陳述的事實作出解釋或判斷，正確選項和原文在表述上有一定的變化，往往是原文信息的同義替換或歸納概括。上一期中講到的根據題干關鍵詞定位信息句的方法同樣適用于解答間接信息題，但要注意這里的關鍵詞有時是原文信息的同義或近義表達，甚至可能對原文進行了一定的概括和總結，因此考生要準確理解題干的意思，然后在文中找出與題干中心意思一致的信息。此外，在解答間接信息題時，我們還可采用排除法，這就要求我們了解選項的特點。間接信息題的正確選項不會照搬原文，會對原文信息進行改寫，常見的改寫方式有：替換原文中的關鍵詞；改變關鍵詞的詞性；簡化語言表達。干擾項往往根據文中的某個細節(jié)來設置，常有以下幾種情況：①無中生有：選項信息在文中根本沒有提到或與文中信息完全相反；②張冠李戴：把A事物的信息加諸在B事物上；③斷章取義：選項中含有部分原文信息，但整體描述不準確（這種選項的干擾性最強，考生在答題時要特別注意）。下面我們結合高考真題對這種題型的解題技巧具體說明。例1：（2020年高考英語全國I卷B篇，保留原題號，下同）...TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime....25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章結合作者本人重讀熟悉的、喜歡的書的經歷，表明了重讀這種讀書方式對他的重要意義。25.根據題干中的關鍵詞AMoveableFeast，我們可將答案定位在第三段。本段中的Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating,anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime介紹了海明威的《流動的盛宴》的內容，其中的memoir（自傳）、anagingwriterlookingbackon（一位上了年紀的作家回顧）表明這本書寫的是作者海明威自己年輕時的經歷。B項中的young是對aging、lookingbackon、anambitiousyetsimplertime等表達的歸納概括，故選B項。例2：（2020年高考英語全國I卷C篇）...Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Nordbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Nordberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts'opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了競走這項運動的諸多好處，并給想要嘗試競走的人提出了建議。29.題干中的關鍵詞advantage對原文多項信息進行了概括和總結，包括：racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes以及someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers。通過對比選項可知，D項正確。D項是原文信息someoftheinjuries...suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers的同義表達。本題B項干擾性較強，因為文中提到的racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes與lesschallengingphysically在意義上有所關聯(lián)，但其實這一干擾性屬于斷章取義。根據第三段中的Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding可知，競走與跑步一樣，對身體要求也很高，由此可排除B項。30.題干中的關鍵詞為Dr.Nordberg’ssuggestion和someonetryingracewalking，由此我們可將答案定位到最后一段中的anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays。此句中的she指代Dr.Norberg；should是提建議的常用詞。對比選項可知，A項正確。A項是信息句中consultacoachorexperiencedracer的同義表達。例3：（2020年7月高考英語浙江卷C篇）...ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitivefunctionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus....28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.【分析】本文是說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從事需要大量分析思維、策劃能力以及其他的管理技能的具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作能使大腦得到鍛煉，使人年老時仍然保持敏銳。28.題干中的關鍵詞為volunteers和tests，由此可將答案定位到第二段。本段明確指出了測試的具體內容：assessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskills，由此可知，科學家對于志愿者的測試是為了評估他們的智力情況，D項正確。D項中的measure是文中assess的同義替代，mentalability是對memoryandthinkingskills的概括。本題A項干擾性較強，因為assess和healthstatus都是原文詞匯，但根據Theresult