高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

Non-finiteVerbsNon-finiteVerbstheInfinitives(不定式)theGerunds(動(dòng)名詞)theParticiples(分詞)TheInfinitivestheInfinitives1.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能2.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式3.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)4.疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的功能1.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能1)作主語(yǔ)2)作表語(yǔ)3)作賓語(yǔ)

4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5)作定語(yǔ)6)作狀語(yǔ)predicativesubjectobjectobjectcomplementattributiveadverbial動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,常常用it代替它作形式主語(yǔ),不定式放在謂語(yǔ)之后。

e.g.Itwouldbewrongforhertomarryformoney.

動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)1)betodo

a.表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事

e.g.Sheistostarttheperformancenextmonth.

b.表示可能性,必要、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、禁止等。

e.g.Nobodyistoknowthedecisionmadeinthemeetingtoday.

betodovs.begoingto?動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)betodo:

表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事

e.g.Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)begoingto:

表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃

e.g.I

amgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.

明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)2)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tobedone,相當(dāng)于can(could),should,oughtto,must具有情態(tài)意義。

e.g.Thiskindofskirtisnowheretobefoundthisyear.=Thiskindofskirtcannotbefoundthisyear.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1)P53.1)v.+todo2)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider,regard等動(dòng)詞后

v.

+it+adj./n./prep.phrase+todosth.

e.g.Ibelieveitbesttoleavethewholemattertohisdiscretion.

3)about/but/except/save/than+todo

e.g.Theywereabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.(beaboutto表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,在時(shí)間上指最近的將來(lái)。)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)3)about/but/except/insteadof/save/than+todo

e.g.Ihavenochoicebuttogiveup.

我別無(wú)選擇,只能放棄。

Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.他只想待在那兒，別的什么都不想。Note:如果句中的except或but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do或help的限定形式或非限定形式，其賓語(yǔ)為不帶to的不定式

e.g.Theoldman’ssondidnothingbutplaygames.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v.+sb.+todosth.(動(dòng)詞詳見(jiàn)P6)

e.g.Youcancounton

himtohelp.你可以指望他幫忙。Note:

hope,suggest,demand后只接從句,不接sb.todo形式。

e.g.Isuggesthimnottovisitthemuseumduringtheweekend.Isuggestthathe(should)notvisitthemuseumduringtheweekend.×√動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1)不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后須有相應(yīng)介詞e.g.Shehasachildtotakecareof.2)不定式修飾therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)。P63)有時(shí)表示同位關(guān)系。P64)修飾作主語(yǔ)的名詞,表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生。P65)thefirst/thesecond/thelast/thebest/theonlyone+todo

e.g.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)WhichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsdoesNOTexpressRESULT?

A.Heracedthroughthelivingroom,onlytofindthefrontdoorclosed.B.Shewouldn’tbeso

careless

asto

forgetherluggage.C.Hehesitatedsoastochoosetherightword.D.Hisindifferenceissuchastomakeonedespair.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)1)表目的,inorderto,soasto(只用于句中或句尾)Note:

soastovs.so...astovs.suchastosoasto=inordertoe.g.WegotupearlythismorningsoasnottomissthefirsttraintoLondon.=WegotupearlythismorninginordernottomissthefirsttraintoLondon.表目的動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)so+

adj./adv.

+asto=suchastoe.g.Hespokesoeloquentlyastomovealloftheaudiencetotears.=Hespokesuchastomovealloftheaudiencetotears.如此......以至于......表結(jié)果TheGerundstheGerunds1.動(dòng)名詞的功能2.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)4.動(dòng)名詞和不定式做賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞的功能1.動(dòng)名詞的功能1)作主語(yǔ)2)作表語(yǔ)3)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

4)作介詞賓語(yǔ)5)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)1)Itis+adj./n.+doingsth.

(adj./n.詳見(jiàn)P15)

e.g.Itisnouse

cryingoverspiltmilk.2)Thereisnodoingsth.=Itisimpossibletodo.

e.g.Thereisnotrustingsuchaman.Note:todovs.doingTofinishtheprojectinonemonthisimpossible.Beingpoorisnodisgrace.todo:主語(yǔ)表示的是某個(gè)具體情況時(shí)doing:多表示抽象的,

普遍的概念P16動(dòng)名詞2.作表語(yǔ)P16

e.g.Heraimiseverybodyfindingtherightpartner.3.做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

1)

v.+doingsth.P16

e.g.Thesenatordeniedevermakingsuchastatement.

2)allow/advise/permit/recommend+doing

allow/advise/permit/recommend+sb.todo動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)4.作介詞賓語(yǔ)

1)prep.+doingsth.

e.g.Hissistertooktoknitting

inhersparetime.

2)fortheretobe

e.g.Fortheretobe

somanypeopleatthesquarewasunusual.

oftherebeinge.g.What’sthechanceoftherebeingageneralelectionthisyear?5.作定語(yǔ)P17

e.g.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthesinging

competition?like,esp.afterknowingsth.foronlyashorttime動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)P171)一般時(shí)

doing2)完成時(shí)havingdone2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)P17

e.g.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosen

tobethenewdirectorofthecompany.Note:need/want(需要)/deserve/repay/require/beworth+doingsth.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

e.g.Thisroomwantscleaningup.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

句子不能體現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，需加邏輯主語(yǔ)：n./pron.的所有格或通格(即主格和賓格)+doing.注：

當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)有生命的單詞，用所有格

e.g.Mary’srefusingtocomeisoutofourexpectation.

Hissonwinningthefirstprize