考研考博-英語-廈門理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報告得出結(jié)論：招收女童入學(xué)可能是當(dāng)今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

問題1選項

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

問題2選項

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

問題3選項

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage.

B.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.

C.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.

D.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

問題4選項

A.Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.

B.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.

C.Bynotingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedataandresults,etc.

D.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresultsandconclusions,etc.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最適合該文章的標(biāo)題是什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“報告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，給資助機構(gòu)的報告等”(Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch…)以及第一段最后一句話“我們將會簡單描述它們”(wewillnowbrieflydescribethem)，可知選項C“研究報告的種類”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“我們主要可以通過以下哪種方式來區(qū)分這些研究報告？”文章第一段提到“這些報告形式相互的主要區(qū)別是在其寫作目的和針對的受眾上”(Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress)。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“以下哪個成熟在文章中沒被提到？”文章第五段提到會議論文主要以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)（Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally），但是沒有提到論文（thesesordissertations）也是以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)，因此選項A沒有在文中提及，符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“教授如何評估學(xué)生執(zhí)行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“對研究過程的詳細(xì)描述是為了讓教授了解學(xué)生進行研究的能力”(Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch)，而這些詳細(xì)研究就是前面提到的“detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations”,因此選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

問題1選項

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B選項regardlessfor“尊重；考慮到”；C選項regardlessof“不管，無論”；A選項regardlessto和D選項regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我們接受任何人，______國籍。根據(jù)語境，這里指接受每個國家的人，C選項regardlessof“不管，無論”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Wehadagoodtimethere,andthefoodwasplentifuland（）.

問題1選項

A.conducive

B.wholesome

C.helpful

D.appreciative

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在那，我們度過愉快的時光，而且食物很豐盛又有益于健康。

考查形容詞辨析。conducive使容易（或有可能）發(fā)生的.；wholesome有益于健康的；helpful有幫助的；appreciative感激的；欣賞的。因此B符合句意。

5.單選題

ThistouchesonafundamentalchallengefacingEurope:howtoavoidhavingtheeconomiccrisisdegenerateintoasecuritycrisis.

問題1選項

A.degrade

B.prosper

C.hinder

D.dictate

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項degrade“降低；削弱，使變壞”；B選項prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”；C選項hinder“（~from）成為阻礙”；D選項dictate“口述；聽寫”。句意：這觸及了歐洲面臨的一個根本挑戰(zhàn)：如何避免經(jīng)濟危機____為安全危機。根據(jù)句意，從經(jīng)濟危機到安全危機，情況變得更糟糕了，劃線詞表達(dá)的是朝著不好的方向變化，只有A選項符合語境，原文degenerate“惡化”，因此，本題最佳選項為A。

6.單選題

Assoonasweenteredthehouse,wefeltanintangiblesenseofgloomandhopelessness.

問題1選項

A.untouchable

B.unconscious

C.imponderable

D.unjustifiable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞intangible意為“無形的，觸摸不到的；難以理解的”；A選項“untouchable”意為“達(dá)不到的；不可批評的；不可捉摸的”；B選項“unconscious”意為“無意識的；失去知覺的；不省人事的；未發(fā)覺的”；C選項“imponderable”意為“無重量的；無法計算的”；D選項“unjustifiable”意為“不合道理的；不能分辯的；辯護不了的”。句意：我們一走進房子，就感到一種難以言喻的陰郁和絕望。由題干可知，senseofgloomandhopelessness（憂郁和絕望的感覺）是無法觸摸的，所以可以推測出intangible在此處最可能是“觸摸不到的”的意思，四個選項中untouchable具有“不可捉摸的”的意思，與此相近。因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.

問題1選項

A.pervert

B.perturb

C.prevent

D.profane

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pervert“使墮落，濫用”；perturb“擾亂，使不安”；prevent“預(yù)防，阻止”；profane“褻瀆，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押進程開始于六名官員，他們被控告共謀擾亂司法公正。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,assoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide.Thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anideal.constitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintentisamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety.Science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartorthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremoldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine"wisdom"as（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat（

）.

4.Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

問題2選項

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason.Initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

問題3選項

A.itisunawareofultimategoals.

B.itisunimaginative.

C.itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

D.itresemblessocietyandart.

問題4選項

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

C.ithasdisappointedmankind.

D.ithasinspiredmankind.

問題5選項

A.imaginative

B.aproviderofhopeforthefuture

C.ahighlyintellectualactivity

D.ineffectual

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出:宗教是通過想象來追逐理性，當(dāng)它解釋事件或闡明原因時，以虛構(gòu)的想象來取代科學(xué)，當(dāng)它訓(xùn)誡，暗示理想或者重塑抱負(fù)時，以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意識而又公正的追求一切好東西。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。參照第一段的第4句話，“不論我們是否遵循理性，它不會催促或責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的本來面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情，它并不需要我們付出任何感情?！奔蠢硇允欠歉星榈?。因此A項“宗教通過想象力尋求真理，而理性的探索卻運用感情”是不正確的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。參考第一段倒數(shù)第二句話:(宗教)無視目的，也不管其本能的目標(biāo)是否最終證明正確,故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。參考第一段中:宗教的掙扎與不斷變化的力量似乎促使人追求某種永恒的東西，它似乎追求靈魂的最終和諧以及靈魂與靈魂所依賴的一起事物之間的永恒的和諧。因此D項(它激起人類情感)正確。

5.態(tài)度方向。第二段指出：我們得承認(rèn)宗教追求理性生活一直是流產(chǎn)了（很失?。?。故選D項(無效)。

9.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問題2選項

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問題3選項

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問題4選項

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問題5選項

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得制藥跟買藥的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍，這些都是說明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長的歷史了。選項A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因為得這些小毛病的人都愿意在短時間內(nèi)自行買藥治療，選項B符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實。文章第二段提到科技進步帶動了醫(yī)學(xué)的進步，但是醫(yī)學(xué)進步又產(chǎn)生了兩個不利的影響，一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過度服用藥物，二是久坐不動的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，人們不愛運動、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣，由于廣告的影響，人們愿意去買藥物自行治療。選項C符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會導(dǎo)致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、使用者會依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會引發(fā)的問題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

問題1選項

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。permanent“永久的；不變的”；sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一個星期臨時工后，他得到了一份辦公室固定的工作。選項A符合題意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed45minutestowriteashortessayofabout300wordsfollowingthepicturegivenbelow:(1)Describethepicture.(2)Giveyouropinion.WritetheessayontheANSWERSHEET(2)only.

【答案】Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldfatherissittingaloneinsofA.Therearetwobirthdaygiftsfromhisoldestsonandsecondson,butnochildrenkeepcompanywiththeoldman.

Thepicturereflectsacommonsocialphenomenonfromanangle—peopletendtocaremoreforthenextgeneration,andregretfully,notafewyoungcouplesneglecttoshowthesameconcernovertheiroldparents,andsomeofthemeventreattheiroldparentsbadly.

Frommypointofview,whatwecandoisstrikeabetterbalancebetweenthetwopoles:thechildrenandtheparents.Torespectandtakegoodcareofoldparentsisourdueresponsibility,whichhasbeenahighlyprizedvirtueamongtheChineseforovertwothousandyears.Ontheonehand,wearesupposedtoplanthetimewisely.Afterspendingmostoftimeonschoolassignmentsandhomework,wecanspendonehourortwoontheInternetaweek.Asahighschoolstudent,toomuchtimespentonlinewillleadtofailureinexams.Busyasweare,weshouldbynomeansneglecttoofferouroldparentsmaterialandemotionalsupports.Ontheotherhand,weareexpectedtoofferhelpstoourparentsratherthanwaitfortheirasking.Moreimportant,weshouldbealwaysreadytotalkwithourparents,whichcaneasetheirmindsandremovestheworries.Onlyinthiswaycanaharmoniousatmospherebecreatedinthefamilylife.Lastly,weshouldalwaysrememberthatwhatyouhavedoneforyouroldparentsisnotonlyarepaymenttothem,butalsoagoodexampletoeducateyourownchildren.

Itisnotdifficultindoingtheseeasythings,orwewilllosethechancetolovethemforever.

12.單選題

Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.onion

C.intimate

D.occasion

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項intensive“密集的”；B選項onion“洋蔥，蔥頭”；C選項intimate“親密的，密切的”；D選項occasion“某次，……的時候”。句意：他說他是我______的朋友，但我不這么認(rèn)為。根據(jù)語境，這里形容的是我們之間的關(guān)系是怎樣的，C選項intimate“親密的，密切的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

（）moneyfromhisdepartment,Mr.Williamswouldhavebeenpromotedtothepositionasdirector.

問題1選項

A.Ifhedidnotsteal

B.Hadhenotstolen

C.Didhenotsteal

D.Shouldhenotsteal

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣，對過去的虛擬，had提前，省掉if，原句是：Ifsb.hadnotdonesth.,sb.wouldhavedone.意思是如果某人沒有做……，某人就會……，A選項少了一個should；C選項和D選項都是疑問句的語氣，排除；因此B選項符合題意。句意為：威廉姆斯先生要不是偷部門的錢，他早就被提升為主任了。

14.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

問題1選項

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消；補償”；redress“救濟；賠償；糾正”；herald“使者；先驅(qū)”；compensate“補償；賠償”（只有動詞形式），此處應(yīng)該選擇一個名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補償，彌補”的意思，所以可以排除選項C和D，redress一般不這樣搭配，inoffset是慣用搭配，故正確答案為選項A。

15.單選題

Therewasalong（

）silencebetweenthemafterhisangrywords.

問題1選項

A.clumsy

B.inconvenient

C.funny

D.embarrassing

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他憤怒的話語使得他們之間出現(xiàn)了長時間令人尷尬的沉默。

考查形容詞辨析。Clumsy笨拙的,inconvenient不便的,打擾的;funny有趣的,好笑的;embarrassing使人尷尬的，令人為難的。故D符合句意。

16.單選題

Hardworkcan（）yoursuccessinlearningaforeignlanguage.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.guarantee

C.warrant

D.promise

【答案】B

【解析】句意:努力工作能保證你在學(xué)習(xí)一門外語上取得成功。

考查動詞辨析。Assure使確信,向…保證,弄清,查明;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保,保障;warrant使有必要,使正當(dāng);promise許諾,承諾,答應(yīng)。因此B符合句意。

17.單選題

Scientificadvanceshavemadetransplantspossiblethatwere________evenafewyearsago,usheringinanerawheresocialandethicalconsiderationstakecenterstage.

問題1選項

A.unjustifiable

B.unintentional

C.unsustainable

D.unimaginable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.unjustifiable無法接受的，無正當(dāng)理由的B.unintentional無意的，非故意的

C.unsustainable不能持續(xù)的，無法維持的D.unimaginable難以想象的，不可思議的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】that引導(dǎo)了一個定語從句修飾先行詞“transplant（器官移植）”，空格處作表語來說明器官移植的性質(zhì)。由“科學(xué)的進步使器官移植成為可能（possible）”和“迎來了一個以社會責(zé)任和道德準(zhǔn)則為中心的時代（usheringinanera）”可知，幾年前器官移植是無法想象、無法實現(xiàn)的，所以如今實現(xiàn)了才能說迎來新時代。unimaginable指無法想到或相信某事物的存在，因此D選項unimaginable“難以想象的，不可思議的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項unjustifiable“無法接受的，無正當(dāng)理由的”指因為沒有很好的理由而不能原諒或接受，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項unintentional“無意的，非故意的”指不是故意做某事，而是偶然發(fā)生的，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項unsustainable“不能持續(xù)的，無法維持的”指不能以同樣的水平、速度等繼續(xù)下去，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】科學(xué)的進步使幾年前還無法想象的器官移植成為可能，從而迎來了一個以社會責(zé)任和道德準(zhǔn)則為中心的時代。

18.單選題

Justasthescientist’sclaimsaboutcloningwereproventobe______andunlikely,sotoowerethemethodsusedtoarriveatthemfoundtobe______andriddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod.

問題1選項

A.implausible…erroneous

B.acrimonious…redundant

C.esoteric…lackadaisical

D.articulate…unwarranted

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.implausible…erroneous難以置信的……錯誤的B.acrimonious…redundant譏諷的，尖刻的……多余的，過剩的

C.esoteric…lackadaisical深奧難懂的……懶洋洋的，無精打采的D.articulate…unwarranted發(fā)音清楚的，口才好的……無根據(jù)的，無保證的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一個空格處和unlikely（不可能的）并列的，所以推測該空格與unlikely意思相近，選項中implausible符合句意；第二個空格根據(jù)后面的riddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod（充斥著科學(xué)方法的根本性失誤）可知，該空格表示“錯誤的”。因此，該題選擇A項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】正如科學(xué)家所說的那樣，克隆被證明是難以置信的和不可能的，克隆過程中用到的偏離科學(xué)的基本方法也是錯誤的。

19.不定項選擇題

測試新增的題干

問題1選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】A

【解析】第1題:測試試題解析

20.翻譯題

AsanadultIoncedidthesamethingtoSophia,callinghergarbageinEnglishwhensheactedextremelydisrespectfullytowardme.WhenImentionedthatIhaddonethisatadinnerparty,Iwasimmediatelyostracized(excluded).OneguestnamedMarcygotsoupsetshebrokedownintearsandhadtoleaveearly.MyfriendSusan,thehost,triedtorehabilitatemewiththeremainingguests.

ThefactisthatChineseparentscandothingsthatwouldseemunimaginable—evenlegallyactionable(可起訴的)—toWesterners.Chinesemotherscansaytotheirdaughters,“Heyfatty—losesomeweight.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetotiptoearoundtheissue,talkingintermsof“health”andneverevermentioningthef-word,andtheirkidsstillendupintherapyforeatingdisorders(進食障礙)andnegativeself-image.(IalsoonceheardaWesternfathertoasthisadultdaughterbycallingher“beautifulandincrediblycompetent”.Shelatertoldmethatmadeherfeellikegarbage.)

ChineseparentscanordertheirkidstogetstraightAs.Westernparentscanonlyasktheirkidstotrytheirbest.Chineseparentscansay,“You’relazy.Allyourclassmatesaregettingaheadofyou.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetostrugglewiththeirownconflictedfeelingsaboutachievement,andtrytopersuadethemselvesthatthey’renotdisappointedabouthowtheirkidsturnedout.

I’vethoughtlongandhardabouthowChineseparentscangetawaywithwhattheydo.IthinktherearethreebigdifferencesbetweentheChineseandWesternparentalmind-sets(心態(tài)，思維定式，思維取向).

【答案】【參考譯文】

作為一個成年人，我曾對索菲亞做過同樣的事。當(dāng)她的行為舉止對我極其不敬時，我大聲用英語呵斥她是垃圾。有一次參加晚宴，我無意中提及到這件事，沒想到立刻被在場的客人排斥了。一位叫瑪西的客人竟然難過得哭了起來，不得不提前離開宴會。而我的朋友蘇珊，也就是舉辦晚宴的主人，試圖在留下的客人面前為我打圓場。

事實上，中國父母可以做出一些在西方父母眼里無法想象的事情，甚至可以因為這些事被起訴。例如，中國的媽媽可以跟女兒說“嘿，胖妹，你該減減肥了！”相反，西方父母們對此話題小心翼翼，從“健康”的角度談?wù)?，絕口不提“肥胖”二字。然后他們的孩子最終還是因為飲食失調(diào)和體型不良接受治療。（我曾聽過一位西方父親在為他成年女兒祝酒時，說他女兒“美麗無比，能力非凡”。他女兒事后告訴我，他父親的話讓她覺得自己像垃圾一樣。）

中國父母會要求自己的孩子必須每科都是優(yōu)，而西方父母只讓孩子盡力而為。中國父母會說：“你這么懶，班上的同學(xué)都超過你了。”相比之下，西方父母不得不在孩子的成績問題上與自己的矛盾情緒作斗爭，并試圖說服自己，他們對孩子的表現(xiàn)并不失望。

我想了很久，中國父母怎么能不受懲罰。我想主要是因為中西方父母在心態(tài)上的三大差異。

21.單選題

Forfearthatanewshoppingcenterwouldruinthepeaceofthecommunity,manyresidents（）theconstructionplan.

問題1選項

A