考研考博-英語-吉林建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Astablesocietyisadelicatebalanceofforces,a（）ofequilibriuminwhichthevariableshavebeenbroughtintotemporarybalance.Toalteronefactoristosetinmotionaseriesofchangesandreadjustmentsthatdependuponalterationsallalongtheline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.saturation

B.continuum

C.continuation

D.meltingpoint

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)saturation“飽和”；B選項(xiàng)continuum“連續(xù)體”；C選項(xiàng)continuation“繼續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)meltingpoint“熔點(diǎn)”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容，acontinuumof連續(xù)的，為固定搭配，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。句意：社會(huì)穩(wěn)定源于各種力量的微妙平衡。在這種……的平衡中，可變因素已經(jīng)得到了暫時(shí)的平衡。改變一個(gè)因素便會(huì)發(fā)生一系列改變和調(diào)整。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

RockstarEricClaptonbecame（）toheroininthelate60sandhadtogoaspecialclinicfortreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indulged

B.addicted

C.hooked

D.dependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)indulged“沉溺”，常見搭配beindulgedin“沉溺于……”；B選項(xiàng)addicted“上癮”，常見搭配beaddictedto“對(duì)……上癮”；C選項(xiàng)hooked“鉤??；抓住”，常見搭配behookedon“被迷住”；D選項(xiàng)dependent“依賴的”，常見搭配dependenton“依靠”。句意：搖滾明星埃里克?克拉普頓六十多歲時(shí)對(duì)海洛因上癮，必須去特殊診所接受治療。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heroin“海洛因”是毒品，一旦沾上就容易上癮。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助動(dòng)詞替代。題干中的as作為連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”。根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則，從句中應(yīng)填入實(shí)義動(dòng)詞had，但主句中已有了一個(gè)have，為了避免重復(fù)，可用助動(dòng)詞did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用來代替studied)．像列寧那樣學(xué)習(xí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ingenious有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的；ambitious野心勃勃的，有雄心的；notorious聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的。能修飾directions的只有D項(xiàng)“模糊不清的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：該指示如此模糊不清以致于不可能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

5.單選題

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是圖”；onthemove“四處奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙個(gè)不?！薄＞湟猓核麖膩聿粫?huì)做任何無利可圖的事情，他一直都是唯利是圖。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

WhileIcouldnot（）thewordsoutsidethethickglasswindows,theirmiddlefingersspokeloudly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wearout

B.setout

C.makeout

D.findout

【答案】C

【解析】考查語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)wearout“耗盡、疲乏”；B選項(xiàng)setout“動(dòng)身、出發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)makeout“理解、辨認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)findout“查明、找出”，句意為：厚厚的玻璃窗外的話我聽不清，但他們的中指豎了起來。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣和國(guó)際化的氛圍，中國(guó)首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過去的三年里，越來越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級(jí)市，甚至更小的城市工作。

8.單選題

Thethreeclimberscanemployaguideto（）themontheirwayupthemountain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guide

B.conduct

C.lead

D.direct

【答案】C

【解析】句意:那三個(gè)登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一個(gè)向?qū)ьI(lǐng)他們上山。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。guide帶領(lǐng)，陪同……到目的地；conduct引導(dǎo)，組織安排；lead帶路，引領(lǐng);direct把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)，指路。因此C符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

愛燈不僅是為了驅(qū)除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，還在于觀看燈下的繽紛人生。

七十年代初，我流放的小山村尚未建立發(fā)電站，入夜只能生活在黑暗里。荒山寒夜，為節(jié)省燈油的山民們很早入眠，唯獨(dú)我們這一戶外來的人家還亮著小油燈。

山居生活寂寞單調(diào)，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是難堪。從小鎮(zhèn)買來帶有玻璃罩的油燈光芒是微弱的。為了獲得更多的光亮，我試用廢棄的瓶瓶罐罐制作了許多形態(tài)不一的小油燈。

每盞小油燈都綻開一朵火花，奉獻(xiàn)小小的光亮。微弱的光也能劃破黑暗，對(duì)沉沉的黑夜是一種無言的反抗。即使熄滅了，它也燃燒過。何況還能再一次點(diǎn)燃，繼續(xù)以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑戰(zhàn)。我滿心喜悅地觀賞著我自己手下誕生的一點(diǎn)光明。在長(zhǎng)夜漫漫的動(dòng)亂歲月里，它燃起了我精神上的火焰。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Lifeinthemountainvillagewasboringandalwaysmadeonefeellonely,andthecoldwinternightwasevenharder.Theglass-tubeoillampboughtinthetowngaveoutonlyveryfeeblelight.Inordertogetmorelight,Itriedandmademanylittleoillampsofvariousshapeswithallkindsofusedbottlesandpots.

Everylittleoillampgaveoutalittlefire,givingoutalittlelight.Thefeeblelightcouldaswellshinethroughthedarkness,asilentprotestagainstthedarknight.Eventhoughtheywouldfinallyburnout,theyatleasthadlitandcouldbelitagainanddefythedarknightwiththeirfeeblebutbravefirelight.Iwasfilledwithhappinesswatchingthetinylightofmyowncreation.Itwastheselightsthatlitupthefireofmyspiritduringthoselonganddarkdaysofpoliticalturmoil.

10.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項(xiàng)preferred表示“優(yōu)先的，首選的”，C選項(xiàng)available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項(xiàng)customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語言表述出來的，因此，制作多種語言的銘牌是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，掙的錢養(yǎng)家，而女人做飯，照顧家里和孩子。這些角色對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說是固定不變的，婦女沒有機(jī)會(huì)交換她們的角色）可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國(guó)人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國(guó)的一些價(jià)值觀，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)生活的新影響”符合題意。

12.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite“深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對(duì)主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對(duì)于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincethedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute（貧民）.OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

（

）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsay“OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire”(Lines11-13,Para.3)（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

D.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

C.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

D.People’sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnlybyappropriatinganadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensatallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要講的是法定就業(yè)年齡的提高以及就業(yè)難度大等問題導(dǎo)致更多的人轉(zhuǎn)而接受教育。但是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的原因，公共機(jī)構(gòu)以及社區(qū)無法為教育提供資金。作者認(rèn)為只有依靠聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)才能解決問題。選項(xiàng)A“如何說服當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供更多的資金”顯然不符合原文；選項(xiàng)C“如何完善公共教育體系”不正確，本文主要涉及的是資金問題而不是教育體系的問題；選項(xiàng)D“如何解決日益嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)問題”不是本文的重點(diǎn)，本文的重點(diǎn)是解決教育資金短缺的問題，所以選項(xiàng)D不正確，選項(xiàng)B“如何解決公共教育經(jīng)費(fèi)短缺的問題”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.”學(xué)校面臨的主要困難是學(xué)生人數(shù)的大量增加。這是由于進(jìn)入工業(yè)的法定年齡提高了，即使到了法定年齡也不可能找到工作。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“publicagenciesforadulteducation”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.”當(dāng)一切結(jié)束時(shí)，他們（成人教育公共機(jī)構(gòu)）的境況也不會(huì)好多少。他們的支持必須來自納稅人。由此可知，他們的主要問題在于稅收，而涉及稅收的只有選項(xiàng)D。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.”解決失業(yè)問題的辦法是聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)。公共教育問題的答案可能必須也是一樣的，而且確實(shí)如此。由此可推斷，聯(lián)邦政府應(yīng)該為公共教育籌集聯(lián)邦資金。選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。這句話的意思是“只有一個(gè)決心毀滅下一代的民族才會(huì)拒絕接受公共教育可能需要的聯(lián)邦資金”，也就是說只有撥出足夠的聯(lián)邦資金來扶持教育，我們的下一代才能有光明的前途。選項(xiàng)A正確；選項(xiàng)B中的“Citizensatallpartsofthecountry”表述錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)只是作者提出的，原文也沒有提及全體公民都同意這一觀點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)C“為了下一代的利益，全國(guó)人民應(yīng)該為教育做出貢獻(xiàn)”不符合原文，作者的觀點(diǎn)是聯(lián)邦資金扶持教育而不是全國(guó)人民作出貢獻(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)D“受過教育的人決心用聯(lián)邦基金的一部分來幫助窮人”在文中沒有信息涉及，所以不正確。

14.單選題

MyfriendPaulwasbadlytakeninwhenhepaid$1000forthatsecond-handcar,itwasnotworth（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatallmuch

B.allthatmuch

C.thatmuchall

D.muchallthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查修飾語。thatmuch通常用于口語中，用all修飾，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)語氣。所以本題選B。

15.單選題

Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.

Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.

Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.

Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.

Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.

Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.

Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.

Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.

Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.

Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.

1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein（）.

4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?

5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter（）years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf

B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor

C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney

D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.

B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.

C.Theriskofcancersteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

D.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gastrointestinalcancers

B.esophagealcancers

C.lungcancers

D.pancreaticcancers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fourtoeightyears

B.threetosevenyears

C.sixtoeightyears

D.fivetoeightyears

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.15

B.5

C.10

D.20

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中提到的over-the-counter(OTC)即我們常說的非處方藥，是指為方便公眾用藥，在保證用藥安全的前提下，經(jīng)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生行政部門規(guī)定或?qū)彾ê?，不需要醫(yī)師或其他醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員開寫處方即可購買的藥品，一般公眾憑自我判斷，按照藥品標(biāo)簽及使用說明就可自行使用。A選項(xiàng)“在貨架上的顧客接觸范圍內(nèi)”說法太寬泛；B選項(xiàng)“不需要醫(yī)生的處方”說法正確；C選項(xiàng)“不用付太多錢”說法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)”說法錯(cuò)誤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.（每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上）”；第九段“Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.（這可能對(duì)乳腺癌和卵巢癌有影響，但沒有足夠的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)來證明這一點(diǎn)。）”；第十段“Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.（羅思韋爾認(rèn)為，如果人們從45歲或50歲左右開始服用阿司匹林20-30年，他們可能會(huì)大幅降低患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)而穩(wěn)步增加。）”以及第二段“Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.（每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上?！保籆選項(xiàng)“隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)步增加?！币约癉選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”說法都正確，只有B選項(xiàng)“阿司匹林對(duì)乳腺癌和卵巢癌有療效?！闭f法錯(cuò)誤，因此該題B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.（這種效果在胃腸道癌癥中最為明顯，死亡率下降了54%。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“胃腸道癌癥”正確；B選項(xiàng)“食管癌”；C選項(xiàng)“肺癌”；D選項(xiàng)“胰腺癌”均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirin...afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在患者服用阿司匹林5年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后，阿司匹林的效果似乎對(duì)……更有效）”，由此可知年限的最低值需大于或等于5年的基礎(chǔ)之上，A選項(xiàng)“4到8年”；B選項(xiàng)“3到7年”；C選項(xiàng)“6到8年”都不符合該基礎(chǔ)，D選項(xiàng)“5到8年”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.（對(duì)于胃癌和結(jié)腸直腸癌，效果是在10年后看到的，而對(duì)于前列腺癌則是在15年后看到的。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Hetriedtocopewiththeever-increasingburdenofhiswork,butfinallyhe（）andhadtotakeacompleterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokedown

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakaway“脫離,放棄,逃跑”;breakoff“突然停止;暫停”;breakup“打碎;結(jié)束”;breakdown“發(fā)生故障;毀掉”。句意:他試圖處理日益增加的工作負(fù)擔(dān)，但最后他，不得不徹底休息。根據(jù)“takeacompleterest”可推測(cè)，填空處應(yīng)該指他的身體垮掉了，只有選項(xiàng)D有此含義，所以正確。

17.單選題

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conversion“轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)erosion“腐蝕”；C選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪；洼地；不景氣；憂愁；低氣壓區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：風(fēng)和水讓巖石和土壤……。風(fēng)和水對(duì)巖石和土壤有侵蝕作用。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Thejournalistgotthe（

）newsthatthefamousactresswouldchangeherhusbandfortheseventhtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.sensational

C.sensible

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sentimental意為“傷感的，多情的，多愁善感的”；sensational意為“轟動(dòng)的，引起嘩然的”；sensible意為“明智的，理智的，合理的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受傷害的”。

句意：這位記者得到了一個(gè)轟動(dòng)的消息，那就是這位著名女演員將第七次更換丈夫。

19.單選題

SecretaryOfStateKerrysaidthatit’simportantforpeopleintheworldnotto（

）allegedterroristsbuttounderscoretheimportanceoftheruleoflaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathizewith

B.getalongwith

C.referto

D.respondto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)sympathizewith表示“同情，與……產(chǎn)生共鳴”；B選項(xiàng)getalongwith表示“與……和睦相處，取得進(jìn)展”；C選項(xiàng)referto表示“參考，涉及，指的是”；D選項(xiàng)respondto表示“響應(yīng)”。由句意可知，國(guó)務(wù)卿克里表示，對(duì)世界人民來講，重要的不是同情所謂的恐怖分子，而是要強(qiáng)調(diào)法治的重要性。因此，A選項(xiàng)的詞義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

20.單選題

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.dripping

D.floating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)leak“漏，(液體)滲入，(氣體)逸出”；B選項(xiàng)trickle“（液體)成小股流動(dòng)，滴”；C選項(xiàng)drip“滴下，滴落”；D選項(xiàng)float“漂?。伙h動(dòng)”。句意：大雨過后，建筑工人被叫去修理漏水的屋頂。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Hardlyanything____morethanhappinessofseeingsomeoneusinghisdevicefortreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleasehim

B.doespleasehim

C.doeshimplease

D.pleaseshim

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pleasehim使他開心B.doespleasehim確實(shí)使他開心

C.doeshimplease確實(shí)是他開心D.pleaseshim使他開心

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致

【解題思路】該句的主語為anything“任何事情”，是一個(gè)不定代詞，不定代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。選項(xiàng)中的please為本句的謂語，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為pleases，him為本句的賓語。因此，D選項(xiàng)pleaseshim“使他開心”滿足語法要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)pleasehim，沒有使用第三人稱單數(shù)；

B選項(xiàng)doespleasehim，雖然hardly放在句首時(shí)一般需要部分倒裝，但是，本句沒有在主語anything的前面挖空，does的位置不對(duì)。另外，hardly放在句首也可以不使用部分倒裝，只是這樣就不表示強(qiáng)調(diào)了；

C選項(xiàng)doeshimplease，與B選項(xiàng)相同，does的位置不對(duì)，另外，him是賓語，應(yīng)在please的后面。

【句意】沒有什么比看到有人用他的設(shè)備治療更讓他高興的了。

22.單選題

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid嚴(yán)格的，死板的；rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)酷的；relevant相關(guān)的，常與介詞to搭配，意為與……相關(guān)；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能與句中的to搭配。句意：對(duì)話的主題應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷和興趣相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

23.單選題

Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.degenerated

C.suppressed

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deteriorated“惡化的”；B選項(xiàng)degenerated“退化的”；C選項(xiàng)suppressed“被抑制的”；D選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的”。句意：如果不采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境，今天存活的數(shù)百萬物種將會(huì)滅絕。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

24.單選題

（）wingsforthecommonmanhadtoawaitthedawnofthespaceagetogobacktothesimplicityoftheirbeginnings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consequently

B.Regularly

C.Ironically

D.Comprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consequently"因此,從而";regularly"定期地,有規(guī)律地";ironically"諷刺地";comprehensively"包括地,全面地"。句意：（）,普通人的翅膀必須等到太空時(shí)代的黎明才能回到最初的簡(jiǎn)單。選項(xiàng)C具有諷刺意味的是,符合句意。

25.翻譯題

人性的完整在于承認(rèn)自己的缺陷，勇敢地摒棄不現(xiàn)實(shí)的幻想而又不以此為缺憾。人性的完整還在于意識(shí)到自己能夠使悲劇性的人生繼續(xù)存在下去，能夠在失去親人后依然表現(xiàn)出完整的個(gè)人風(fēng)范。

當(dāng)我們承認(rèn)瑕疵是構(gòu)成人性的一部分，同時(shí)又能繼續(xù)在生活中不懈地奮斗，并大大贊美這樣的人生價(jià)值時(shí)，我們就會(huì)獲得其他人僅能期盼的完整人生。我相信這就是上帝對(duì)我們的要求：不求“完美”，也不求“永不犯錯(cuò)誤”，而是求得人性的“完整”。

【答案】【參考譯文】Thereisawholenesstohumannaturethatconsistsinadmittingourlimitations,inbeingbraveenoughtoletgoofunrealisticdreamsandnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereisawholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedyandsurvive,canlosesomeoneandbestilllikeacompleteperson.

Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedawholenessthatotherscanonlyaspireto.That,Ibelieve,iswhatgodasksofus—not“beperfect”,not“donotevenmakeamistake”,but“bewhole”.

26.單選題

Theco-operativespiritthatispresentinsuchpack-huntersaswolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimate.Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.

Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.Complicated,coordinatedmaneuversarealsounnecessary:sequencesoffeedingactiondonotneedtobestrungtogetherinsuchacomplexway.Theprimatecanlivemuchmorefromminutetominute,fromhandtomouth.

Becausetheprimate'sfoodsupplyisallarounditforthetaking,thereislittleneedtocovergreatdistances.Groupsofwildgorillas,thelargestofthelivingprimates,havebeencarefullystudiedandtheirmovementstraced,sothatwenowknowthattheytravelonaverageaboutathirdofamileaday.Sometimestheymoveonlyafewhundredfeet.Carnivores,bycontrast,mustfrequentlytravelmanymilesonasinglehunting