考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Eachmorningthepriestspentanhourinquietcontemplation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intuition

B.reflection

C.meditation

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】句意：牧師每天早晨花一個(gè)小時(shí)靜靜地沉思。contemplation意為“沉思”。intuition直覺；reflection映像，反射；meditation冥想，沉思，靜坐；perception洞察力，看法。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

2.單選題

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.abandoned

C.diminished

D.withdrawn

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我們相信該地區(qū)的文盲現(xiàn)象將很快消除。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放棄;遺棄；diminish減少;縮?。粀ithdraw撤退;收回。空格處的邏輯主語(yǔ)是illiteracy(文盲現(xiàn)象)，因此A正確。

3.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒視，強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地“注視”；gleam閃光，瞬息的一現(xiàn)，還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判決，審判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要職能是根據(jù)法律確定誰(shuí)是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能與介詞with搭配，而應(yīng)與of搭配，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.單選題

Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelessly（）bylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.destroyed

C.harmed

D.mined

【答案】B

【解析】damage主要指對(duì)價(jià)值和功能的破壞,多用于無(wú)生命的東西,一般還可修復(fù)；destroy指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無(wú)用,一般不能或很難修復(fù)；harm主要用于有生命的東西,偶爾也用于無(wú)生命的事物,常指?jìng)耙粋€(gè)人或其健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等；mine指開采,不符合句意。通過“hopelessly”可知?dú)某潭却?無(wú)法修復(fù),所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

6.單選題

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.ThetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsEXCEPT________.

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading________.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelengthofagroupofwords

B.lightingandtiredness

C.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

D.one’spurposeinreading

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.demandsadeeply-participatingmind

B.demandsmoremindthaneyes

C.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

D.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

C.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

B.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

C.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

D.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.critical

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.（每個(gè)人的閱讀目的和對(duì)文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它還會(huì)受到光照和疲勞等因素的影響。），可知識(shí)別廣度受閱讀目的、對(duì)文本的熟悉程度、光照和疲勞的影響，B選項(xiàng)“光照和疲勞”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)課文的熟悉程度”和D選項(xiàng)“閱讀的目的”符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)“一組單詞的長(zhǎng)度”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.（閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系。），可知作者認(rèn)為記單詞需要頭腦去理解，A選項(xiàng)“需要大腦的深度參與”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.（不幸的是，在過去，許多閱讀提高課程過于關(guān)注我們的眼睛如何在印刷的頁(yè)面上移動(dòng)。），可知作者不贊同純視覺訓(xùn)練的方法，C選項(xiàng)“要求讀者在每一個(gè)固定位置都要接收更多的單詞”和D選項(xiàng)“要求讀者提高看單詞的速度”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“需要的更多是頭腦而不是眼睛”：作者沒有提到更多需要頭腦還是眼睛參與。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段五、六句thereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.（讀者在每次連續(xù)固定的時(shí)候會(huì)看到更多的單詞。所有這些練習(xí)都很巧妙，但提高一個(gè)人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀的能力是另一回事。），可知這個(gè)方法可以提高看單詞的能力，但是不能提高有效閱讀的能力，A選項(xiàng)“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高閱讀效率”正確，D選項(xiàng)“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高看單詞和理解單詞的能力”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)對(duì)提高看清單詞的能力起到了很大的作用”：原文沒有說(shuō)這個(gè)練習(xí)在多大程度上提高了看清單詞的能力，這里更多是在強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)練習(xí)方法的不足之處。C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)進(jìn)行有效閱讀時(shí)，不需要有看單詞的能力”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.（許多專家現(xiàn)在開始質(zhì)疑視力訓(xùn)練的有效性，特別是因?yàn)槿魏斡?xùn)練閱讀孤立的單詞和短語(yǔ)的方法似乎不太可能幫助閱讀連續(xù)的文本。），可知D選項(xiàng)“許多專家開始質(zhì)疑眼部訓(xùn)練的效率”符合文章內(nèi)容；這種純視覺的訓(xùn)練方法對(duì)閱讀連續(xù)的文本不太有幫助，A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)純視覺方面是有誤導(dǎo)性的”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“眼睛訓(xùn)練將幫助讀者閱讀連續(xù)的文本”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“視覺廣度是我們每次看到的一個(gè)詞或一組詞”：根據(jù)第一段第四、五句Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.（每次他們注視時(shí)，我們都會(huì)看到一組單詞。這被稱為識(shí)別廣度或視覺廣度。），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出我們是如何閱讀的和什么因素會(huì)影響閱讀，第二段提出純視覺的訓(xùn)練如何進(jìn)行以及效果，最后轉(zhuǎn)而提出這個(gè)訓(xùn)練不能提高閱讀能力，并且許多專家開始質(zhì)疑這個(gè)訓(xùn)練的有效性，所以C選項(xiàng)“批判的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，B選項(xiàng)“樂觀的”和D選項(xiàng)“中立的”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thousandsof（

）atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.audience

B.participants

C.spectators

D.observers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。audience聽眾；participant參與者；spectator觀眾，看客；observer觀察者。句意：體育場(chǎng)內(nèi)成千上萬(wàn)的觀眾起立，向這場(chǎng)出色的表演致敬。此句語(yǔ)境為去體育場(chǎng)觀看表演，所以主體為觀眾。答案C

8.單選題

Themostdangerousenemyisonewhosmilesatyoubut（）hatredintheheart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherishes

B.flourishes

C.nourishes

D.furnishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cherishes“珍愛；懷有……感情”；B選項(xiàng)flourishes“繁榮；夸耀”；C選項(xiàng)nourishes“滋潤(rùn)；撫養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)furnishes“提供；供應(yīng)”。hatred“憎恨；敵意”，句意：最危險(xiǎn)的敵人，就是對(duì)著你微笑，心里卻……仇恨。最危險(xiǎn)的敵人，是對(duì)你笑臉相迎卻懷恨在心的人。故選A。

9.單選題

Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost（）,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredibly

B.exclusively

C.extraordinarily

D.respectively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。incredibly“難以置信地”；exclusively“唯一地”;extraordinarily“極其”；respectively“分別地”。根據(jù)后面havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment“幾乎沒有礦藏，工業(yè)發(fā)展也少”可知當(dāng)?shù)刂灰揽哭r(nóng)業(yè)，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointedmentohighgovernmentpositionswhomheconsideredmostcapable,eventhoughsomeofthemopenlyscornedhim.Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.Therearemanystoriesabouthisthoughtfultreatmentofsouthernleaders.Whenthewarwasover,heshowedtheSouthnohatred.SincegenerositytowardadefeatedopponentisadmiredbyAmericans,Lincolnfittedthenationalideaofwhatisright.

ShortlyaftertheCivilWarended,Lincoln,wasshotwhileattendingaplayinWashingtonTheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassedbellsranginhonorofthedeadpresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.

ThecircumstancesofhisdeathsetLincolnapartfromotherAmericanleaders.HadLincolnlived,itmightwellbethathispostwarpolicieswouldhavebroughtcriticismsuponhimthatwouldhavetarnishedhispopularity.Instead,anassassin'sbulleterasedinthemindsofAmericansanyfaultshehadandemphasizedhisvirtues.

1.WhataretheaspectsthatmadeLincolnidealofagreatleader?

2.Lincoln'sbeliefsusedtobe（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphitcouldbeinferredthat（）.

4.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

5.Lincolncamefromacitynamed（）.

6.Howmanypersonalqualitiesarementionedinparagraph4?

7.Theword“assassin”means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lincoln'scareerandfamily

B.Lincolnwasself-madeperson

C.Lincoln'sleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar

D.Hiscareer,leadership,generosityandrighttimeofdeath

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unpopularwithmanypeopleduringtheperiodoftheCivilWar

B.aself-madeperson

C.worshipped

D.popularwiththeAmericanpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Americanpeoplelikethosewhoaregeneroustotheiropponents

B.Apresidentmustbelikeapresident

C.Lincoln'sdeathwasatarighttimetohim

D.LincolnisstillpopularwiththeAmericanpeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.apersonwhofightshisorherwaytothetopwillbepresident

B.Americansbelievethateveryonecanbepresidentifhehasability

C.aself-madepersonwillsucceed

D.it'sapieceofcaketobepresidentoftheUnitedStates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Washington

B.Springfield

C.Illinois

D.notmentioned

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.helper

B.assistant

C.soldier

D.killer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文從多個(gè)方面講述了林肯受人們愛戴的原因,選項(xiàng)D最能全面概括,其他選項(xiàng)都只是一個(gè)方面。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.”可知,林肯的信仰過去在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間并不受大多數(shù)人的歡迎,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段可知,如果林肯還活著,很可能他的戰(zhàn)后政策會(huì)給他帶來(lái)批評(píng),損害他的聲望。相反,暗殺者的子彈抹去了美國(guó)人心中他的所有缺點(diǎn),并強(qiáng)調(diào)了他的美德。由此可知,客觀上來(lái)說(shuō),林肯的死亡是在一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī),選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.”美國(guó)人欣賞那些,既沒有金錢也沒有家庭影響,卻能通過奮斗達(dá)到頂峰的人。也就是說(shuō),美國(guó)人相信只要有能力,每個(gè)人都能成為總統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)第二句“Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,...”林肯的遺體被火車運(yùn)回了他在伊利諾斯州斯普林菲爾德的老家。由此可知,林肯來(lái)自于Springfield這個(gè)城市,Illinois是州,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)第四段“Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.”“Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.”可知,本段提到了林肯的3個(gè)個(gè)人品質(zhì),選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.根據(jù)原文可知,這里指林肯遭到暗殺,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

11.單選題

Thenewly-builtapartmentiswell______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ventilated

B.meditated

C.irritated

D.evaluated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ventilate“使通風(fēng)，給……裝通風(fēng)設(shè)備”，B項(xiàng)meditate“考慮，計(jì)劃，企圖”，C項(xiàng)irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”，D項(xiàng)evaluate“評(píng)價(jià)，估價(jià)”。由主語(yǔ)newly-builtapartment（新建的公寓）可知，空格處填入“通風(fēng)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這座新建的公寓通風(fēng)良好。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；ascend意為“上升，升高”；float意為“浮動(dòng)，漂流”。此處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。

句意：當(dāng)看到幾百個(gè)彩色氣球慢慢地升向天空時(shí)，孩子們歡呼起來(lái)。

13.單選題

Fatherdoesnotlike（

）meat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lean

B.slim

C.skinny

D.slender

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意：父親不喜歡瘦肉。只有選項(xiàng)A能與meat搭配，其他選項(xiàng)只能修飾人。

14.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他的模仿者必須達(dá)到自然的柔美和微妙，一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?！笨芍cC項(xiàng)相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上，紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨(dú)白中描述的罕見人物”。可知該句中Bosola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進(jìn)行對(duì)比。故B項(xiàng)正確，

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia擬聲；exaggeration夸張；paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣，Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾，他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Standinginlinehasneverbeenapopularactivity,buttodayitseemsthatAmericansarelikelytobemoreimpatientaboutwaitinginlinethantheyhavebeenin20years.AccordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades.Withleisuretimemorevaluable,theopportunitycostofwaitinginlinesismuchhigher.

Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice.Bykeepingcustomerswaitingbusinessesmaybelosingcustomers.Theyarefindingthatpeoplewillchooseoneestablishmentoveranotherbecauseshorterlines.Asaresult,businessesarefocusingontheirmarketingeffortsonwhatmarketerscalltimeutility-providingproductsandservicesinwaysthatdonotconsumevaluabletimeorprovidingvaluestooffsetthetimelosses.Whenthemultiple-linesapproachisusedinbanksandstores,peoplegetfrustratedbecausetheyoftenfindthemselvesintheslowestline.Singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations.Customerscanlineupbehindthetellerorclerkortheirchoice;orinonelinethatallowsthefirstpersoninlinetogotothenextavailableserver-calledasingle-serverline.Asaresult,mosttypesofbusinessesinwhichseveralservicepeoplehandlecustomershaveswitchedtothesingle-serverline.

Firmshavetriedseveralotherapproachestodealingwithlines.ChemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5.HospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill.TheManhattanSavingsBankoffersliveentertainmentduringnoontimebankinghours.Somehotelsandofficebuildingshavemirrorsontheirelevatordoorsinanattempttodistractpeoplewhilewaiting.

Sometimesjusttellingpeoplehowlongtheyhavetowaitcheersthemup.Disneylandhashadtolearntocomfortthoseinline,sinceapopularattractionlikeStarTourscanattractasmanyas1,800peopleinaline.Likemanyamusementparks,Disneylandprovidedentertainmentforthosestandinginline,butitalsogivespeopleupdates,intheformofsigns,noting“fromthispoint,onthewaitis30minutes'Distractionssuchasthesecanhelppeopleforgethowtheycouldbespendingtheirtimeiftheyweren’twaitinginline.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthisessay?

2.Whatisthemainideaoftheentireessay?

3.Peopleprefersingle-serverlinesbecause（）.

4.Wecaninferfromtheessaythat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalse?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PreciousLeisureTime.

B.Single-serverLine.

C.NoWaitingGuarantee.

D.TheOpportunityCostofWaiting.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearemoreimpatientthantheyusedtobebecausetheyhavelessleisuretime.

B.Businessestrytoattractcustomersbydecreasingwaitingtime.

C.Timecanbeconsideredpartoftheopportunitycostofaproductorservice.

D.Banks,storesandotherbusinesseshaveintroducedsingle-serverlinesandentertainmentforcustomerswaitinginline.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theymovequicker

B.theyoffermoredistractions

C.theyreducefrustrations

D.theyaddvariances

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplejudgeaproductonitsfullopportunitycostincludingtime

B.marketersdonotfindeffectiveapproachestodealingwithtime

C.mostpeoplearepatientwhentheylineforanamusementprogram

D.mostpeopledonotcarefortheentertainmentprogramofferedbythebusinesseswhentheyarewaitinginlonglines

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americans’leisuretimehasshrunken37percentinthelasttwodecades.

B.AtChemicalBankcustomerswhohadtowaitmorethansevenminutesweregiven$5.

C.Somehospitalemergencyroomsoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee.

D.Disneylandhadtocheerupthepeoplewaitinginlonglinesforsomepopularattractions,butnottothecustomers'satisfaction.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到美國(guó)人的休閑時(shí)間越來(lái)越寶貴，排隊(duì)等候所費(fèi)的成本越來(lái)越高。在接下來(lái)的段落里，作者著重說(shuō)明商家是如何采取措施來(lái)解決排隊(duì)費(fèi)時(shí)間的問題，向消費(fèi)者提供費(fèi)時(shí)少的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。因此可以推斷出全文是在講排隊(duì)等候的機(jī)會(huì)成本，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:根據(jù)第1題可知，選項(xiàng)C“時(shí)間被認(rèn)為是產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)成本的一部分”符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段提到人們不喜歡多行的隊(duì)伍，這樣會(huì)讓他們沮喪，而singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations，單行隊(duì)伍能夠減少人們的沮喪。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章第二段第一句話提到商家意識(shí)到人們?cè)跈C(jī)會(huì)成本的基礎(chǔ)上選擇商品不僅僅是因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的服務(wù)或者質(zhì)量（Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice）。之后舉了商家向人們提供不費(fèi)時(shí)間的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的例子，由此可知，人們?cè)谶x擇商品時(shí)，時(shí)間成本也是其中需要考慮的因素之一。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:文章第一段第二句話accordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades，排除選項(xiàng)A；文章第三段第二句話chemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5，排除選項(xiàng)B；第三段第三句話hospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill，排除選項(xiàng)C。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Leonardojustdiscoveredthathispassporthad（

）threemonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.abolished

C.amended

D.expired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。constrain意為“強(qiáng)迫”；abolish意為“廢除，廢止”；amend意為“改良，修改”；expire意為“(因到期而)失效，到期”。

句意：Leonardo剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照已經(jīng)過期三個(gè)月了。

17.單選題

Atpresentratesofdemand,theworldhasenoughoilinknownandeconomicallyviablereservestolastformorethan40years,enoughgasformorethan60yearsandenoughcoalformorethan230years.Naturally,demandwillincrease;butsowillreservesascompaniesexploremorewidelyandcostsfall.Since1970viablereservesofoilhavealmostdoubledwhilethoseofgashaveleaptthree-fold.Onedistantdayadifficultsituationwillcome,butasitapproaches,fossil-fuelpriceswillrise,makingalternativeformsofenergy,perhapsincludingnuclearpower,competitive.Thatisnoreasontospendonnuclearrightnow.

Alloilshockisamoreworryingprospectdespitetoday’slowoilpriceandOPEC’spresentinabilitytobudgeitupwards.However,evenifanoilshockisarealdanger,buildingnuclearreactorsisnotagoodwaytoavertit.Ahigheroilpricewouldhavearelativelysmalleffectonthesupplyofelectricity-theonlysortofenergythatnuclearpowercannowprovide.Justoveratenthoftheworld’selectricityisgeneratedfromoil,andtheproportionhassteadilyfallensince1970.Transport,bycontrast,reliesalmostentirelyuponoil,alreadyswallowinghalftheworld’soilsupplyandlikelytotakeanevenlargerchunkinthefuture.Ifthesupplyofoilwerecutofftomorrow,billionsofpeoplewouldfindthemselvesimmobile.Relativelyfewwouldbewithoutelectricity.

Thecongestionandpollutionareseriousproblems,andtheycouldtry