考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Psychologistshaveknownforalongtimethateconomistsarewrong.Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.Theyknowbecauseoftheultimatumgame,theoutcomeofwhichisoftentherejectionoffreemoney.

Inthisgame,oneplayerdividesapotofmoneybetweenhimselfandanother.Theotherthenchooseswhethertoaccepttheoffer.Ifherejectsit,neitherplayerbenefits.Anddespitetheinstinctsofclassicaleconomics,astingy(小氣的)offer(onethatislessthanaboutaquarterofthetotal)is,indeed,usuallyrejected.Thequestionis,why?

Oneexplanationoftherejectioniststrategyisthathumanpsychologyisadaptedforrepeatedinteractionsratherthanone-offtrades.Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.Andindeed,whenone-offultimatumgamesareplayedbytrainedeconomists,whoknowallthis,theydotendtoacceptstingyoffersmoreoftenthanotherpeoplewould.Buteventheyhavetheirlimits.Tothrowsomelightonwhythoselimitsexist,TerenceBurnhamofHarvardUniversityrecentlygatheredagroupofstudentsofmicroeconomicsandaskedthemtoplaytheultimatumgame.Allofthestudentsherecruitedweremen.

Dr.Burnham’sresearchbudgetrantoabunchof$40games.Whentherearemanyroundsintheultimatumgame,playerslearntosplitthemoneymoreorlessequally.ButDr.Burnhamwasinterestedinagameofonlyoneround.Inthisgame,whichtheplayersknewinadvancewasfinalandcouldthusnotaffectfutureoutcomes,proposerscouldchooseonlybetweenofferingtheotherplayer$25(i.e.morethanhalfthetotal)or$5.Responderscouldacceptorrejecttheofferasusual.Thoseresultsrecorded,Dr.Burnhamtooksaliva(唾液)samplesfromallthestudentsandcomparedthetestosteronelevelsassessedfromthosesampleswithdecisionsmadeintheone-roundgame.

AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.Fiveofthesevenmenwiththehighesttestosteronelevelsinthestudyrejecteda$5ultimateofferbutonlyoneofthe19othersmadethesamedecision.

WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.Theywouldratheracceptlessthemselvesthanseearivalgetahead.Thatislikelytobeparticularlytrueinindividualswithhightestosteronelevels,sincethathormoneiscorrelatedwithsocialdominanceinmanyspecies.

Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.

1.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsaredifferentfromeconomistsinthat______.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,thesentence“Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.”meansthat______.

3.TheresultofDr.Burnham’sstudyintheone-roundgameplayersshowsthat______.

4.ThepointDr.Burnhamhasconcludedfromhisstudyisthat______.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthebehaviorofrejectingalowoffermentionedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theythinkanyfinancialgainisworthlessifitcouldnotguaranteetheultimatumgame

B.theyunderstandhoweconomistsarewrongbyprovingtrivialfinancialgaincouldbeignored

C.theybelievethatitisnecessarytorejectsometrivialgainstogetbiggerones

D.theyhaveknownforalongtimethatfromtheperspectiveofpsychology,financialgainsarenotworthpursuing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.takinganuncompromisingattitudeatthebeginningwilllosemoreinthefutureroundsofthegame

B.peoplewhoarenotsocalculatingatthebeginningwillgetgoodreturnsintheend

C.peoplewhoareselflesswillgetmoreintheend

D.takingatoughlineatthebeginningwillpaymorecostinthefuturegame

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.menwithhightestosteronelevelsareusuallymoremotivatedtorejectbythelowoffer

B.thefacttestosteroneiscloselyconnectedwithsocialdominanceprovespeoplecouldhardlyseearivalgoahead

C.menwithhightestosteronearemorelikelytorejectthetenetsofclassicaleconomics

D.menwithhightestosteronepaymoreattentiontotherelativegains

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moneyisirrelevantwhenpeopleseekforreproductiveopportunities

B.peopleprefernon-financialwaystofulfilltheirpurposeofgainingsocialstatus

C.whatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity

D.thedefinitionofrationalityisdifferentbetweenthefieldsofeconomicsandpsychology

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thiskindofbehaviorisirrationalasmatteroffact.

B.Thiskindofbehaviorpaysmoreattentiontothesocialstatusratherthanmoney.

C.Thiskindofbehaviorcouldbringdesirablereproductiveopportunities.

D.Thiskindofbehaviorisrationalfromalongview.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.（大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家——至少是那些持傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家——相信任何經(jīng)濟(jì)收益，無(wú)論多么小，都值得擁有。但心理學(xué)家知道這不是真的。），說(shuō)明心理學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的分歧在于心理學(xué)家看到的是最終的結(jié)果，而經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家注重的是切實(shí)的利潤(rùn)，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為并不是所有的小利益都要去追求，可以舍小取大。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為有必要拒絕一些小收益以獲得更大的收益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為任何經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)如果不能保證最后獲勝就是沒(méi)有用的”，原文沒(méi)有說(shuō)不能保證最后獲勝的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)是沒(méi)用的，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)證明小的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)可以被忽略，他們認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們是錯(cuò)誤的”，小的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)可以被忽略這一點(diǎn)沒(méi)有被證明，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們知道長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，從心理學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)是不值得去追求的”，由原文可知，不值得追求的是小收益，而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.（在這種情況下，在一開(kāi)始采取如果是自我犧牲的強(qiáng)硬的路線會(huì)在未來(lái)的游戲中獲得好處。因此，在一次性游戲中，拒絕吝嗇的報(bào)價(jià)只是大戰(zhàn)略中的一步棋。），說(shuō)明如果拒絕吝嗇的出價(jià)會(huì)是更大策略中的一步，也就是說(shuō)一開(kāi)始不要貪得所有的大小利益，而是要有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的眼光，這樣才能取得更大的收益。因此D選項(xiàng)“一開(kāi)始就采取強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度的人在未來(lái)的游戲中會(huì)付出更多的代價(jià)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“從一開(kāi)始就采取強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度會(huì)在未來(lái)幾輪的游戲中失去得更多”，B選項(xiàng)“那些從一開(kāi)始就不是很計(jì)較的人最后可以獲得好的收益”，C選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的人最終會(huì)得到更多”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.（正如他在《英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)》上所描述的那樣，拒絕較低最終報(bào)價(jià)的應(yīng)答者的睪丸激素水平比接受報(bào)價(jià)的應(yīng)答者的平均水平高出50%以上。），說(shuō)明睪丸激素水平較高的人更注重相對(duì)利潤(rùn)而不是眼前的利益。因此D選項(xiàng)“睪丸激素水平高的人更關(guān)注相對(duì)收益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“睪丸激素高的人更加有拒絕低報(bào)酬的動(dòng)機(jī)”，B選項(xiàng)“睪丸激素和社會(huì)優(yōu)勢(shì)有著密切的聯(lián)系，這一事實(shí)證明了人們很難看到對(duì)手領(lǐng)先”，C選項(xiàng)“有較高睪丸激素的人更趨向于拒絕傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)法則”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第一、二句WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.（伯納姆博士的結(jié)果所支持的，是對(duì)古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理的更深程度的拒絕，而不是基于談判技巧的輕微錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)化。它支持了人們真正追求的是相對(duì)繁榮而不是絕對(duì)繁榮的觀點(diǎn)。），說(shuō)明伯納姆博士最終支持的結(jié)論是更深的對(duì)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的拒絕，人們真正追求的是相對(duì)的財(cái)富而不是絕對(duì)的財(cái)富。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們真正追求的是相對(duì)繁榮而不是絕對(duì)繁榮”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們尋求再生機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，金錢就是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的了”，B選項(xiàng)“人們更傾向于用非金錢的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們?nèi)〉蒙鐣?huì)地位的目標(biāo)”，原文說(shuō)的是如果另外一條路可以更為直接地導(dǎo)致這種情形，金錢就是不相關(guān)的，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)對(duì)于理性的定義是不一樣的”，原文沒(méi)有明確指出理性的定義在兩個(gè)學(xué)科中是完全不同的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家經(jīng)常認(rèn)為這種行動(dòng)是不理智的。實(shí)際上這是理智的，只是不同的理智而已。金錢可以買到的只是達(dá)到某個(gè)目的的方法而已，如社會(huì)地位，達(dá)到目的便給人們帶來(lái)他們想要的不斷再生的機(jī)會(huì)。如果有另外一條路可以更為直接地達(dá)到目的，金錢就是不相關(guān)的。），說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為這種行為是不理智的，而實(shí)際上是一種理智的行為，心理學(xué)家從更高更深的層面來(lái)看，金錢只是達(dá)到目的的一種手段，而為了達(dá)到一定的目的拒絕眼前小的利益是理智的行為。因此D選項(xiàng)“從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這種行為是理性的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“這種行為在事實(shí)上是不理性的”，B選項(xiàng)“這種行為更注重社會(huì)地位而不是金錢”，C選項(xiàng)“這種行為可以帶來(lái)期望的再產(chǎn)出機(jī)會(huì)”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

2.單選題

Tattoosdidn’tspringupwiththedawnofbikergangsandrock“n”rollbands.They’vebeenaroundforalongtimeandhadmanydifferentmeaningsoverthecourseofhistory.

Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.Then,in1991,amummywasdiscovered,datingbacktotheBronzeAgeofabout3,300B.C.“TheIceman”,asthespecimenwasdubbed,hadseveralmarkingsonhisbody,includingacrossontheinsideofhiskneeandlinesonhisankleandback.Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.

Beingsoadvance,theEgyptiansreportedlyspreadthepracticeoftattooingthroughouttheworld.Thepyramid-buildingthirdandfourthdynastiesofEgyptdevelopedinternationalnationswithCreteGreece,PersiaandArabia.ThearttattooingstretchedoutallthewaytoSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.Aroundthesametime,theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.TheJapanesetattooartistsweretheundisputedmasters.Theiruseofcolors,perspective,andimaginativedesignsgavethepracticeawholenewangle.DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.

IntheBalkans,theThracianshadadifferentuseforthecraft.Aristocrats,accordingtoHerodotus,usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.AlthoughearlyEuropeansdabbledwithtattooing,theytrulyrediscoveredtheartfromwhentheworldexplorationofthepost-Renaissancemadethemseekoutnewcultures.ItwastheirmeetingwithPolynesianthatintroducedthemtotattooing.Theword,infactisderivedfromthePolynesianwordtattau,whichmeans“tomark”.

Mostoftheearlyusesoftattooswereornamental.However,anumberofcivilizationshadpracticalapplicationsforthiscraft.TheGoths,atribeofGermanicbarbariansfamousforpillagingRomansettlements,usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.

InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson’slife.Reachingadulthood,boysgotonetattootocommemoratetheevent.Menweremarkedwithanotherstylewhentheygotmarried.

Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.Whenevertheywouldreachanexoticlocale,theywouldgetanewtattootomarktheoccasion.Adragonwasafamousstylethatmeantthesailorhadreacheda“Chinastation”.Atfirst,sailorswouldspendtheirfreetimeontheshiptattooingthemselvesandtheirmates.Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.

Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,policeofficialsbelievedthathalfofthecriminalunderworldinNewYorkCityhadtattoos.Portareaswererenownedforbeingroughplacesfullofsailorsthatwereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.Thisismostlikelyhowtattoosgotsuchabadreputationandbecameassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquents.

1.Accordingtothepassage,tattooswereadoptedforallofthefollowingpurposesEXCEPT（）.

2.Tattoowasbelievedtobecreated（）.

3.InJapan,tattooswereacceptedas（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhydidtattoosbecomeassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquentsinNewYork?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.totreatthedisease

B.tochallengesocialmores

C.torecordthefootprintsofone'slife

D.toadornoneself

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.togetherwithbikergangsandrock"n"rollbands

B.in1991whenamummywasdiscovered

C.firstlyinSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.

D.byEgyptiansandNubians

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ameansofornament

B.asymbolofmagicalpower

C.awayofcommunication

D.asignofsuccess

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.BothChinaandJapanconfinedtattooingtomarkingcriminals.

B.Romansusedtattoosfordecoration.

C.Sailorstooktattoosasthegiftfortheirfriendsandrelatives.

D.Tattooparlorswereusuallyfoundindowntownareas.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,criminalswereusuallytattooedbythegovernment.

B.Becausesailorshadtattoosandsomeofthesailorswereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.

C.Becausetattooswerethemarksforthemembersofcertainorganizations.

D.BecausePortauthoritiesrequiredthesailorstoweartattoos.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第四段的第二句“...usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.”可知選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)有誤；根據(jù)第六段的第一句“InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson'slife.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確；根據(jù)第七段的第一句“Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。所以本題選B。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第四句“theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.”日本人對(duì)這種藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生了興趣，但只是因?yàn)樗难b飾性，而不是魔力。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“...usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.”可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.”可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，19世紀(jì)中葉，警方認(rèn)為紐約市一半的黑社會(huì)罪犯都有紋身。港口地區(qū)以到處都是犯了某種罪行的水手而聞名。這很有可能是紋身名聲如此之差，并與反叛分子和犯罪分子聯(lián)系在一起的原因。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.單選題

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe（）tothecompany’sfuture?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”；detrimental“有害的”；casual“隨意的，偶然的”；preceding“先前的”。句意：每一項(xiàng)努力都應(yīng)該為公司的健康發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)，但是他們是如何做出這樣一個(gè)可能對(duì)公司未來(lái)不利的決定的呢?選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

（）acontinuousmassofwaterontheEarth’ssurface,allcontinentsareislandsinthestrictsenseoftheword.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theformoftheoceans

B.Sincetheoceansform

C.Toformtheoceans

D.Thattheoceansform

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句，前半句是一個(gè)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意“自從海洋在地球表面形成了一塊整體的水域，所有的大洲從嚴(yán)格意義上來(lái)說(shuō)都是島嶼。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”：toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto

（

）.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000

B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長(zhǎng)比作“一根細(xì)長(zhǎng)的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常，社會(huì)明顯面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗劳雎矢哂诔錾?。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas

increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口總量從5億增加到了40億。并且預(yù)計(jì)到2000年，全世界人口總量將達(dá)到62億)。因此A項(xiàng)符合原文。

4.作者意圖題。作者首先指出了人口增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)狀,然后詳細(xì)回顧了歷史上人口統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及原因。故選D。

5.詞義題?！癲emographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長(zhǎng)比作“一根細(xì)長(zhǎng)的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。而且,文章是以人口增長(zhǎng)為討論話題。因此,此題選A。

6.單選題

Hisattemptsto（

）thetwofriendsfailedbecausetheyhadcompletefaithineachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alienate

B.abuse

C.alleviate

D.abandon

【答案】A

【解析】alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)，離間；abuse濫用，虐待；alleviate減輕，緩和；abandon遺棄，放棄。句意：他疏遠(yuǎn)這兩個(gè)朋友的企圖失敗了，因?yàn)樗麄儽舜酥g完全信任。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的人完全是隨機(jī)挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山區(qū)，大部分降雪被壓成冰。compacted意為壓實(shí)，壓緊。brokendown打破，折斷；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled編輯；compressed壓緊，壓縮。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

9.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThisnewnormaloftheChineseeconomywillcontinuetobringmoreopportunitiesoftrade,growth,investmentandcooperationforothercountriesinAsiaandbeyond.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportmorethanUS$10trillionofgoods,ChineseinvestmentabroadwillexceedUS$500billion,andmorethan500millionoutboundvisitswillbemadebyChinesetourists.Chinawillsticktoitsbasicstatepolicyofopeningup,improveitsinvestmentclimate,andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofinvestors.Ibelievethattogether,thepeopleofAsiancountriescoulddrivethistrainofAsia’sdevelopmenttotakeAsiatoanevenbrighterfuture.

【答案】中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，將繼續(xù)給包括亞洲國(guó)家在內(nèi)的世界各國(guó)提供更多市場(chǎng)、增長(zhǎng)、投資、合作機(jī)遇。未來(lái)5年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品將超過(guò)10萬(wàn)億美元，對(duì)外投資將超過(guò)5000億美元，出境旅游人數(shù)將超過(guò)5億人次。中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放的基本國(guó)策，不斷完善國(guó)內(nèi)投資環(huán)境，保護(hù)投資者合法權(quán)益。我相信，亞洲各國(guó)人民能夠共同推動(dòng)亞洲發(fā)展的這一列車，把亞洲帶向更加光明的未來(lái)。

10.單選題

HehasbeeninChinaforayearandstudiedthemarkettodiscoverthe（

）forprofitableinvestment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessity

B.reality

C.capacity

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他在中國(guó)待了一年來(lái)研究市場(chǎng)，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)投資獲利的可能性。

考查名詞辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要;reality現(xiàn)實(shí),事實(shí);capacity容量,能力,職位;potential可能,潛能。故D符合句意。

11.單選題

Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beset...disillusioned

B.postpone...pessimistic

C.prevent...enthusiastic

D.allow...unconvinced

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)beset“困擾，鑲嵌，圍繞”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破滅的”；B選項(xiàng)postpone“推遲，延遲，延緩”；pessimistic“悲觀主義的”;C選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“熱心的，熱情的”;D選項(xiàng)allow“考慮”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句意‘盡管反對(duì)者認(rèn)為在月球上建立一個(gè)基地會(huì)受到經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的阻撓，然而這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的支持者仍然保持熱情，認(rèn)為人類的好奇心應(yīng)該克服這種務(wù)實(shí)的約束。’C選項(xiàng)正確

12.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行詞sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介詞on前置，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin

____.

5.Thepassageis

____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)，這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在（thecruxisthetechnology）”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)；

D選項(xiàng)“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個(gè)更直接的行動(dòng)。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動(dòng)（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個(gè)收入政策來(lái)遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動(dòng)中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動(dòng)中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對(duì)。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者說(shuō)到“如果一個(gè)行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。也就是說(shuō)作者贊同新計(jì)劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時(shí)他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來(lái)發(fā)展的作用。作者又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會(huì)有第二次機(jī)會(huì)?！币虼俗髡叩膽B(tài)度應(yīng)該是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B“厭惡”、C“反對(duì)”、D“妥協(xié)”選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個(gè)計(jì)劃的危險(xiǎn)在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)

B.differentideaofthe