考研考博-英語-大興安嶺職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大興安嶺職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.S.Congressisthepowertoinvestigate,whichisusuallydelegated[A]tocommittees—either[B]standingcommittees,specialcommittees[C]setforaspecificpurpose,orjointcommittees[D]consistedofmembersofbothhouses.

問題1選項

A.to

B.standing

C.setfor

D.consisted

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句中的jointcommittees是consistof“由……組成”的邏輯主語。且consistof不能用被動語態(tài)，應將D選項consisted改為consisting。

2.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，對待科技發(fā)展存在著相互對立的兩種思潮；反科學思潮認為，現代科學的發(fā)展非但沒有給人類社會帶來福音，反而帶來了災難和毀滅；另一種是科技進步思潮，他們認為人類面臨的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)失衡、資源枯竭等危機是科學發(fā)展過程中自然而然遇到的問題，這些問題進一步解決的出路恰恰在于繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展科技。上述兩種觀點都有一定的合理性，也都有各執(zhí)一端的片面性，如果從時代的高度和辯證的觀點看待當代科技的發(fā)展時，我們就可以發(fā)現，當代科學技術所面臨的問題并不是去如何認識現代科技進步，而是從時代的需要出發(fā)，設法找到未來科技進一步發(fā)展的理論根據所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

3.單選題

DoyoufindyourselfcheckingFacebookassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning?Evenasyoureadthisarticle,isyourrightindexfingertwitchingonthemouse,justitchingtoclickonsomethingnew?Ifso,welcometothe21stcentury.Withoutevenrealizingit,we’vesignedupforalifeinwhichwe’reallconnected,allthetime.WhetherornotthisisagoodthingisthesubjectofHamlet’sBlackberry,anewbookbyWilliamPowers.

Earlyinthebook,Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar:HeisstandingatacrosswalkinthemiddleofManhattan,alongsidefiveoreightotherpeople—allofwhomarestaringintentlyatsomedigitaldevice.“HereIwasinNewYork,themostfantasticcityintheworld—somuchtolookat,toseeandhear,andeverybodyaroundmeessentiallywasn’tpresent,”hesays.

Powersmayquestionthewayweuseourgadgets,buthecertainlydoesn’tcondemnit.Hedoes,however,recognizethedownsideofconstantlybeingfloodedwithnewinformationorwhathecallsthe“conundrumofconnectedness.”

Amongthethingsthatsufferfromouroverconnectedness,Powerssays,arerelationships.“Ifwe’reconstantlytogglingbetweenpeopleonFacebookandtextsandallthesenewwaysofconnectingalldaylong,andweneverhaveasustainedconnection,”Powerssays.“It’ssortoftheoppositeofconnectedness.”

Buthowareweofthe21stcenturysupposedtocopewiththatproblem?Powershasonesuggestionthat’sbothutterlysimpleandalmostimpossibletoimaginefollowing:justdisconnect.Hisfamily,forexample,takesan“InternetSabbath”everyweekend.“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.

AccordingtoPowers,thepositiveeffectsofthesetechnologybreaksarefeltlongaftertheweekendsareover.“Evenwhenwe’reconnected,wecanfeelthebenefitsofhavingbeendisconnectedacoupledaysago,”hesays.“It’sjustaboutthatsimpleword,‘balance’”.

Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy.“It’sreallyhardtopullaway.Youhavetoknowwhyyou’redoingit,andreallybelieve”hesays.“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.”

1.WhatWilliamPowersdescribesinParagraph2（）.

2.Theword“downside”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“（）”.

3.“InternetSabbath”meansthatonthisdaytheauthor’sfamily（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatthe“InternetSabbath”（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelya（）.

問題1選項

A.makeslittledifferencetoourlife

B.isacommonphenomenon

C.rarelyhappensinotherplaces

D.iswhathehasbeenlookingfor

問題2選項

A.confusion

B.disadvantage

C.challenge

D.secret

問題3選項

A.usestheInternettocallandtext

B.usestheInternetonlyforpleasure

C.completelystopsusingtheInternet

D.cannotworkwithouttheInternet

問題4選項

A.isreallyworthtaking

B.issuitableformostfamily

C.istoohardforotherstofollow

D.isrelativelyeasytocarryout

問題5選項

A.socialsurvey

B.newsreport

C.technologyupdate

D.bookreview

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第二段主要描述了WilliamPowers在紐約所見到的一個場景。由語段第一句“Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar…（鮑爾斯描述了一個很多人都很熟悉的場景……）”可知該現象在日常生活中很常見，A選項在該語段中沒有提到，C選項“在其他地方很少發(fā)生”與第一句“strikemanyasfamiliar（很多人都很熟悉的場景）”不相符，D選項“是他一直在尋找的”與該語段的意思不相符，因此B選項“是一種常見現象”正確。

2.詞意猜測題。Downside“負面，缺點”，如果不認識該單詞，也可從第三段最后一句話中的“conundrumofconnectedness.（連結性難題）”推斷出鮑爾斯意識到了不斷被新信息淹沒的負面影響。A選項confusion“混淆，困惑”；C選項challenge“挑戰(zhàn)，考驗”；D選項secret“秘密，機密”，因此B選項“缺點，不利條件”正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據第五段中的“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.（“我們關掉家用調制解調器，整個周末都沒有智能手機。我們不能上網?！彼忉尩?。）可知“InternetSabbath”表示作者全家這天都不能上網，A選項“使用互聯網打電話和發(fā)短信”不正確；B選項“上網娛樂”不符合原文；D選項“沒有互聯網而不能工作”原文也沒有提到，因此C選項“完全停止使用互聯網”正確。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段有提到“Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy（并不是說他認為關閉調制解調器一定很容易）”，可知“InternetSabbath”并不容易；最后一段作者還說到“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.（我在這里的目的是試圖說服人們，這是值得做的）”。B選項“適合大多數家庭”原文沒有提到；C選項“對其他人來說很難跟著做”不符合原文意思；D選項“相對容易執(zhí)行”與原文意思相悖；因此A選項“真的值得一試”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章圍繞威廉?鮑爾斯（WilliamPowers）的新書《哈姆雷特的黑莓》（Hamlet’sBlackberry）展開。作者從第二段“Earlyinthebook”開始就是描述的該書的內容。因此這篇文章是一篇書評。A選項“社會調查”；B選項“新聞報道”；C選項“技術更新”，都不符合文章大意，因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.

“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.

2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”（

）.

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.theincreasingonlineandsales

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D.thehighcostofoperation

問題2選項

A.makestrategicadjustments

B.endtheprinteditionforgood.

C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement

問題3選項

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

問題4選項

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

問題5選項

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.

B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHand

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到現在發(fā)行一份紙質報紙所需要的印刷機、配送卡是奢侈。在當下，只發(fā)行電子版報紙的同類報紙不受這種經濟因素的制約。選項D“昂貴的運營費用”符合題意。

2.文章第四段第一句PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway提到Peretti認為泰晤士報不應該花時間去思考停止印刷紙質版，而是應該尋找正確的方法去解決問題。選項A“進行戰(zhàn)略調整”符合題意。

3.文章第六段第一句themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor提到最忠誠的顧客們依舊會選擇他們一直喜歡的產品；makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit專門為最忠誠客戶為生，由此推斷選項B“專門為最忠誠客戶為生”符合題意。

4.文章最后一段最后一句inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive提到碰到那種情況，迎難而上要比無所作為好。選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要講述了報紙行業(yè)為防止被淘汰而采取對策。文章第五、六段提到不應該立即取消或者淘汰報紙行業(yè)，而應該把它變成一種更像文化遺產的產品，不斷提高報紙的價格，變成一種奢侈品（Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct）。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

問題1選項

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

問題2選項

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

問題3選項

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

問題4選項

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

問題5選項

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到美國每年大約有五萬三千人死于二手煙（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點燃的香煙產生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學物質（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內也含有大量有害的有毒化學物質（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因為他們吸入了有毒氣體，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項C“我們所有人或多或少都會受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章并沒有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關，因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到對于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來說，這種風險甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（腸胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

問題1選項

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

問題2選項

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

問題3選項

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

問題4選項

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據第三段的內容可知,食物耐受不良是一個比食物過敏更常見的問題,最有害的癥狀之一是情緒低落。在英國,每年有四分之一的人情緒或心理健康都會出現問題,在過去的五年中,抗抑郁藥物的處方數量增加了40%以上。所以選項A正確。

2.根據第八段的內容可知,選項A,C,D均符合原文;根據第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有這些排列在我們消化系統(tǒng)中的神經元不僅僅是處理消化,偶爾也會引起緊張情緒。選項B描述太絕對,所以不正確。

3.根據第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁癥經常與腸胃炎聯系在一起。所以選項C正確。

4.根據最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”這項名為“飲食掃描”的飲食耐受不良測試,可以發(fā)現飲食耐受不良潛在的誘因。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

7.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤滑劑并不能改變人已經變得毫無力量的事實）可知C選項“與社會其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來沒有面對過人類作為情感上和智力上獨立和有生產力的人存在的基本現實）可知D選項“他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，或者比競爭對手強，這就產生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項“能遠離這個競爭激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能——愛和理性——的充分開發(fā)是所有社會安排的目的）可知C選項“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內容可知作者將社會比作一個機械，人只是這個機械中的一個小齒輪，并對其進行了諷刺和批評，因此B選項“不滿”符合題意。

8.單選題

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問題1選項

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invariably“總是，不變地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“無污點的”。前半句提到“由于老師與學生共事”，因此“心理學課程是教師培訓必不可少的”，選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

問題1選項

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干invalidate“使無效，使作廢”。A項“摧毀，破壞”，B項“抨擊，痛罵”，C項“授權”，D項“加強，增強”。因此選A。句意：幾乎沒有或什么也沒有得到的親戚聲稱，死者在簽署文件時精神不正常，遺囑無效。

10.寫作題

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

11.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“座談會’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過去的三十年里，跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(減少)earlyadmission(提前錄取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.Manytopprivatecolleges